SBI/IBPS/RRB/PO/ CLERK Y / PRE + MAINS / SSC CGL/ CHSL AND ALL OTHER COMPETITIVE EXAMS BASED ON NEW PATTERN AR WITH WETS “The ultimate guide for all competitive exams” Nam POL Cet cele Tarts ¥ Strategies to solve every kind of question ¥ 1000+ Practice questions with detailed pened Nae Nesters Pam eee rl ace care ANA a eer Nae ea ee aed‘Nimisha Bansal Invincible Publishers Fics published india in2019 (02019 Invincible Publishers, All Rights Resrved ‘eristered Address: 2018, SAS Tewer, Secor 38," Geom 122009 Printed at Themson Press (india) LID The views and opinions expressed inthis book are the suthor’s own and the facts are reported by bm, ane the pliehere arena any way Hab ot hese. Al eights reserved No ort of this pulication may She mguodced stoved in a etree apetam, or trae mitted, in any foun of by aay means, dectonic, ‘mechaaise, photocopying, ecoding of otherwise, without the peor ermisicn ofthe publishers Dedicated to my students [My student, you are the best Of all the rest Promise me that you will never adm defeat Your dedication is visible to everyone you meet Location 1 095 \Nimisha Bansal Invincible Publishers nt published in ania in 2019 (©2018 unviable rublshcrs, all RightsReserved egstered address 2018, SAS Tower, Sector 38, ur- ‘Printed at Thomson Press (india) LTD ‘The views and opinions expressed inthis beak are the authors own and the fate re at reported by him. and thepablishers are notin anyway Rabie for deme tights reserved. No part ofthis publication may be repronnced.stvecin a rervievsl system, ov ane mitted, in any form ar by any means, elecriontc, Imechaniesl photocopying. recarding or otheraes, ‘vatnowt te prior permission ofthe publishers, Dedicated to my students [My student, youare the best Of all the rest Promise me that you will never admit defeat ‘Your dedication s visible to everyons you meet Loestion 1 0% ‘Nimisha Bansal Invincible Publishers ‘rst pubishec in nian 2019 (62019 Invincible Pabtshers, All Rights Reserved IANOeATSA¥TIa03 seglstesed adress 2014,SA9 Toney, Ser 38, UE (gaan 122003 ‘Yontedat Thomson #ress Unda) LTD ‘abe views an opis expressed in tls book an {he authoze own and the fasta aze ae reported by him ana the publishers are mot in any way liable fo ‘fiche Al tights seserve No past of this publication na ‘berspracuced stored ina retrieval system 0° trans smiled, in any form or by any means, eectenlc ‘macharieal, photocopying, ecanding or othorwise ‘Without the price perwission of tne pubishers. Dedicated tomy students My student, you are the best Of all the rest ‘Promise me that you willnever admit defeat Your dedication is visible ta everyone you meet Location £ onSo soothing is your smile I am amazed for a while I have students everywhere But like you are very rare I can never forget you Because you are like a drop of shining dew From a leaf split apart Your fond memories will always shine in my heart Yes, I believe in you Yes, I am proud of you Don’t ever give up Yes, you can and you will doit INDEX Section -18 Top 120 Rules of Grammar 9 Section - II 85 . Practice Set 1 86 . Practice Set 2 90 . Practice Set 3 95 . Practice Set 4 99 . Practice Set 5 104 . Practice Set 6 108 . Practice Set 7 116 . Practice Set 8 121 9. Practice Set 9125 10. Practice Set 10129 11. Practice Set 11 133 12. Practice Set 12 138 13. Practice Set 13 149 14. Practice Set 14 153 15. Practice Set 15 157 ONAUPWNH HE Section - III 169 1. Strategy to solve Reading Comprehensions 170 2. Strategy to solve Cloze tests 175 3. Strategy to solve Fillers 179 4. Strategy to solve Paragraph Completion Questions 182 5. Strategy to solve Sentence Improvement Ques- tions 184 6. Strategy to solve Sentence Rearrangement Ques- tions 186‘S.thock Test 5227 Siatock west 228 Tatock et 7 252 Sateck ret e2e2 9.alock Test 9.252 To.Mock Tes 10264 1 Nocabularywithroct words 275 2 Ment importers Phrasal verbs 320 1 hort mporearsIdiomsand Phrase 350 ver Forms 370 [fined Propositions 204 equipped with proper and yelevant selutions. And ‘er going through this book, one can endly Find Sclutionstoany type questions based on envors. Tai. Docks solely nspedto make our delicate readers fel comfoctable with th subject so that they canze define teir approach 1 solve ary problems Wit ut- CGrunanur portion of the subject " Balik” playe the ‘most ciitl le in any competitive examination. {With Une consiatent evolution fn the way quetions srs being taked in the banking, inaranen, SSC, ra ‘ways and defense examinations, maxinum efor [Rite inom pus to compile "op 120 Dales af Cram Location 16 095 (5. Mock Test 5 217° 1 Mock Test 6724 Mock Tes 1232 thas oot 8242 9.tnock test 9252 2o.Neck Test 10264 Section -va74 1 Vocabulary with soot words 275 2 thos important Phrasal verbs 320 43 bow inporlarL Idioms and Phrases 350 4 Yerb Forms 379 5 Fed Prepositions 204 PREFACE “gun wien nimusne Bens” 18a ntgne oF One ot lend approach to bring all the important consepe2 And practice questions under one umbrella to 21st flldhezeadersinciearng thes dightest of doubts =~ anding thie subject With the diversity of questions based on erors we facein tnayscompeiveexer- {ation 3 an loco fem dy tb equipped with proper and relevant solations. rd ‘Ste going thraagh thie book, one ean eauly fed Solutions te any ype questions based en errs. This bool te slay nsprecta make aur dedicated readers fel comfortable wit the sjec sathat they sane denne ther spproaeh to saive any problem with ut- ‘Georamar portion ofthe subject * Engi" playe the ‘mest enteal role in any competitive examination. ‘Wik the sonst evohtiot in the wey questions are being asled inthe banking, surance, SSC, ral. ‘5. Mock Teat 5217, 6 Mack Tost 6 294 ‘Teac Test? 232 2 Mack Taet 8219 Mae Tost 9 252 Sestion-va7e 1 ocala with root words 275 2. Motimpertant Fras vere 29 3 Mt important isms and Prases 350 verb Forms 370 5S Fhxed Prepodtions 394 PREFACE, “pxglsh with wimisha Bansal” isa unique or one @ dnd approach ta bring alle important conespt snd prartice quesions under one umbrella assis tllehe eadereinclenring their slightest of doubts ve {atcing tis subject. With te diversity of question ‘ase on errors we ace in eda seompective ex “nstiony, thar bacoene ou ecemost day tobe al ‘equbped with proper and relevant so1utions. nc ter going through this boo, eae can eaaly fiw tolulionsto ary irpeauesionsbased on errors Th ‘Dook ssoely inspired io make our dedlated reader ‘el aorfortsble with he mabe that they xm 72 ‘deine thee approach t solve any problem wit wt (Grammar portion ofthe subject * Bali’ plays ty ‘mos crtia role In any competitive examination ‘With the consistent sveltion inthe way question sve being ated in the banking. insurance, SKC, i ‘ways and defense examinations, aminvim effort ‘have been put to comple "Tap 120 Bes of Gren Location 16 09‘provided to visuals ner patterns of quenions Deine aseed in banking exarnnations. Detailed 30- Tutlons are provided te every question for a bet. ter CONCEPTUAL learning While preparing, all the necessary Incling minute details have teen cen cute of The questions are preferably selected based om their quality, incuceting diferent levels and types dha will lp our scaders ia gelling Uso ‘ny type of now pattern questions with confidones fd satisfaction. The book will e extremely help nprepating forallthe Banking and trac 2am ‘nazions like 1BPS, SBI, BANK OF BARODA, SYNDE (CATE BANK, RET ASSISTANT, OICL, UIIC, LIC, long with SSC CCL, SSCCHSL, RRENTPC, = 1 express my deepest prariuce to the aepianes ti sods the goal Tasure thatthe ook fe tne stop solution te all of oem who ate looking for abook whieh can help them goin conldence in "Englsh “and thos score beter all competitive earn. Tae insovaite, stelle and Lad se Scepicln the pmsentaion of this boc wo ef ‘Bley dlight car sealers towards our comaeuctive terp.‘he sr af thi hou fo hips {eam aalye an fathom the patter of questions ‘Ning atte apelin she Banking fearon ‘a hes wl ec help em ma ingtheiroreal moresin te mort fied tes oF ‘iehankingeseminetons,aeconelceraUhapethat ourconcemed fot woud Aida posUveresptse. Location 26 oe ‘0 sotee aiferent (pes of questions, Mock Tests and ‘Voeabilery and Annus Thee 10 750" queeiOR® based on Spotting eros, culy divided into 15 Prac toe fet, to ave ow sadets with emnle opportuni- ties to pestice Unie sills Maneover, 10 dita se provided to visualise latent pattame of qunsione ‘ing asked in banking examinations. Detaled so- Iations are provided t every question for a bet ‘ter CONCEPTUAL earning. While preparing llthe yecessary Including mnt details have been ten ‘am of The questions are preferably elected honed fon thelr quality, incwesting aiterent levels ard ‘types hat will help cur readers in getting through Any type of new partem questions with eniiéence fad satisfaction, The bock will be exzemely helpful Jn proparing lollthe Banking sd inuanceoxers- indtions Le NPS, SEL, BANK OF BAKODA, SYNDI- (CATE BANE, ROI ASSISTANT, ICL, VIC LIC, along ‘with SSC CGL, SSC CHSL, ERBNTPC. cic 1 oxpess my despost gratitude t all the aspicanes tna have chon this book as thee companion to ‘work tow she gal T sare thatthe Book {oratook whieh con hap them tn conidenes “English an ens score Dewer in 0 campettive ‘ame. the innovati yetematic and et este ‘opted in the peesentaton otis bok weuld cen ‘Mtey deli our reer reacts our consttve Stenipt Te sm of tis book i te elpetaencs lear, analy an fabom the poten of questions ag eel npg Sth ng oe cams which wil atetvey hai them mai {tg tier venalconesnthe rent el abet of ‘thebanisng examinations ar eonidered Thope tht turconcerned emer woul tnd poste esponse, 1% ‘to solve differen: types of questions, Mack Tests anc Vocabulary and Annerurds Tre ae 780+ quarto based on speting ever, duly dvi into 15 Frac ‘ee Sets, to ail surrenders with ample opportni ‘es to practice their sels. Maceaver, 10 ational ee provided to visaliae tet pottene of quertion necessary Including minute deals have been takes ‘ere of Tha questions are preferably tletod bass fon ther quality, mculesing dierent levele ani ‘Sypen thot wil Relp ur roders fn getting trough Shy type of new pattern questions with confiere: fhe sitisiction. The took will be extreme help Jinprepaving forall the Barking and inscrance exim ‘ndUons Ie 187s, Sb, BANK OF BARODA, 51DL ‘CATEDANK, RDI ASSISTANT, C1CL, VIC 11, along with SSC CGL, 95¢ CHSL, RRE NTC ec. express my deepest gratitude to all the aspirant ‘who have choven this book as thle companion t ‘work towards (heir geal T assure thatthe book i ‘one stop solution to all of them who are lookin {for a honk which ean help thom guin confidence i “English * ana thus score bere tn all compen ‘exams. The inevatia, ystomatie and hued yh ‘dopa inthe presentation cf this bank woule def ‘nitely delight cur readers towards cur coratractin Ertempt. The aim of tis honk isto help student ‘ara, anal/ze an from the pattern of question ‘beng asked especialy inthe Banking and Insurer ‘exams which wall emectively help them in maximiz lig thelr overall score tn the most dieu subjecto {he banking examinations ascorsidered. 1 hope tha ‘our concerned efforts would fi a polive response Toeation 26 FrRULE 0x: Difeence between “Exc” and “EvEEy™ 2, ‘They acelways followed bye eng ver, ‘Examples () Rech student le ery talented [Singular ‘er isused UD Each of my studenis very talented, [singular verb io used) ‘sentence (it), “eech” perfrns the function af Ad lective (verds used to dezcribeor modify mouns ar pre- ‘nouns. The word it denerbe is he nou “student Im sentence (if. exch” performs the function ef Pronoun (word that f wied instead of a noun or nou ples). Imvboch the eases, eure the stgular vert NOTE ack refrs to © puna! munsor of people or tems, uit consideseach person oyitemas anid ‘ator cssinitar nt, dors novearsde he group Toco. individualistic Approsch| Every aso ners oa mulple nude of people or fem; Bu onsld- or These people or ers as part of asl cele ‘group. General Approach] NOTE. "Euch can play Do role of koih"Proseun” ed “Aajectne” However, “Every” iste 2: on Ades” ony. Bearples() Hoey stent ivory alent, [Comeet] (1) Boer of my student every talented [lncorrce (09 | tm sentence (1), "Every" is used as an adfee- sentence (I) "Bry is used 26. Pronoun Which 1 NOTE : “Bach® tensed for two oF mare tha 989 items or people but very” suse ony for move than fo tens or prope, We cannot use “ewey” jor exactly Location 42 205 RULE OX: Diterence between “Each” and “Every” 1 "Thay re ahoaye followed bya singer ver. [Besrnples (D Bach stent every talented ingular ‘verb sused 1) Bagh omy stodents very Talend. [singular ver iowsed In sentence (), “end” performs the fimction of A4- Jectte (ors tse to describe oF most roUns oF Po nouns). The wordt descites ste nous “sudan” In sentence (1), each” peeforms the function of Pronun (word thot fused instead ofa noun or agen pars). Inbotn thecasss, we use the singular vet "is "OTE: Each refer: to plural umber of people or items, but itconses exchporsnot temas ax indi tual disinarent dwar omar te group l= Inert [Indivtduatiete Approach] Puery ale fare ou mop munter of pope or ers; fe constd= fers hase people ov itsms ec par ofa imc cllcive ‘cp. [General Appevach| SNOTE: “back” can play the rele of oth “Pronoun and i a ony. ‘Beataples (Every tudent i very talented. [Correct] (a) Fvery of my stadents is very alonted[Ineorract (GO |n sentence (1), “Every” is used as an adies~ the. The word it deecince ithe mown "ete I sentence (I), “Every” is ased as @ roroun whichis MOTE : "Back" is uzed for two or more than fo items or peepe but “Every” is used amb for mare then tbe tenor people, Weceruot se "every" for setly 2% [RULE 01: Difference betwsen “Each and "Every" 1 ‘Thay cs hey flowy aleve, ‘Beams I) Back student every talented [Single verbis used] (1) Each my stucentsis very alerted [Singularvntb irre) ‘in sntence (P),“tach?porforma the faretion of Ad fective (uorae used ro eerie or modify noes or pra now) The sorditdeseriberinthe noun tude 1m sentence (I), “each” performs the fiction 0 Pronoun (word that wsed fut of enous or ro pres) ‘mnboth the eves, we use the singular verbs, ‘NOTE: Zach wns to a paral numberof peopl © ers, bit considers ack person or ites asan incvid tal erdlasiniar ny oes reconsider the groep col Eetiely [Indtviduaictic Appraach] Evry elo refer ‘wa multiple number of pene or fens; bu consid ethers people or tae a pata isan cliet “foup. [General Approach) ‘NOTE: Pack" con play shove ef hot "Pronoun “Ait Hose, vey" asan "adv ony [Eetmptes: li) Evey student isvery talented. ortect (a) Every of my stents is very tlente.lincorree (x) | un sentence (), “awry” Is used as an adec tive. The word ie dear fe the ous “etudon seateace (I), “Bven? is used asa Proaoun which SNOTE : “Bech” is woed for two er more thas tm items or people but “Ever” suse ony Jor more ta to lems or people, Wecunnol ave “every” Jor exe Location 41 24He nasa book in exch mane. Correct] te as a Deo Inevery hanallincortee (Every eanaat be used with two tings “NOTE: “Every” fut not “ene” con Dt (ted wih cbstatrours. ‘Examples: they have every reason tobe happy with Eheirnets home (Correct) ‘hey bave each zeuson Wu be happy with thes new borne. ncorrect| RULE 02 "Both srl "nef cack Deused together In such cas, wecan us "Neither.. ter’ which used when we wank be thal we Trorethingsarerot trae. Examples: Both Ram and Shyam are not going to visit hisploce. Ineorvect ether Ram nor Shyam tring taint the place [Corset] Thisisa war which bth sidescamot win [Incorrect] This ga war which meer side can win. (Coreet] *ROTE “Neither allowss to ritkeanegative state rent bout two peopie or things atthe sere time “Netener” goes before singular eaurgable nouns Ne ‘art 10 ey tnot ether” in relation to to things RULE 03: Usage of Heatve Pronouns wR, wer, which ard chat (2) “Whe” ant “who! aze melaly Used for peone, However these pronouns lso b= edo er w aaa that are mealloacd by nae sand domesticated by people (e, Domestic Animal). Examples: The winesses whom 1 interviewee gee conflising evidence [Used for people] The people who jut bourded the plane arin aroce band [Used for people] The vacuum scared our dog Rocky, whe was slesping on the ray [Une for = pet] (2) ‘Which sued for animale sm peneal or chines (la Nan: domestic Animalsand Non-Hvingeings) Location $5 395 ‘Be has a beok im each hand. [Corre] He has a book fm every hand [fnearrect] (Every carmot heused ith ‘two things| "NOTE: “Every” but not ‘enc’, canbe ont they haw very renee tf gy with -theirnew home. [Carect “They have each ceason TO De happy with thet new Inome,[ncoreeet| RULE 02: "Both" and "not cannot ‘be used Cogether In such case, wean Use "Wether. to bic ie wacd when we want fo ay hat Oe ‘more things ae not true. Examples: Both Ram ane Shyam are not going to ‘isi this place. incorsect] Wether Nar nor Shyamds sing ois this place [Correct] ‘Thisisa war which Both ies cannot win [Incorrect] ‘Tlsisawar wich alder side can wi (Corzect] NOTE, ‘Neier llows us te ube ancetive stator ment about two poor or things atthe same time. “Neder oes before singular countable noun. We sus Sto fay cnet either” in alain f> two things RULE 05: Ustge of Relauve Pronouns ~ wh, whom, hick and that. (2) “Who” and twken are may used for people Houcever these pronouns ean alse he tusedto refer toanimalsthat are mentioned by name And domesticated ay people. Domestic Anil). ‘Exumnples rhe wiereses whom 1 interviewed gave ‘conflting evidence [Used for poopie] ‘the people who just boasted the plane ae in a aoe ‘band. [Used for people! The vacuum stared our dog ody, whe was sleeping on he ug. (Used for « pet) @) "Which is wed fer animals in general or things (Qe None domestle Animals and Noniving things). Tocation 55 30 ‘Me has book in each anid (Cornet has boo ‘inevery bund [lncorsel| (Every eannet be used will {wo things| MOTE: "Every, bul rot “each, can b red widhatstrad noun. ‘Eaampes: They have evry reaton to be happy with ‘their new ere [Correct] ‘They have endh reanon to be happy with their nev oma [fmeoersc] HULE 02: "Beth" and ‘not ann ‘erased roger. such case, we can use Netter. tor* which fused when we want fo ny that fo ‘more rhingsarenat re samples: Bodh Ham) and Shyam are aat going t ‘vst this pac. [incoreect| Nether Karn nor Shyam [einato tint hisplace [Correct “thisisa warwhich beth sides camnotwin. Incorrect “Thisis war which neler side can win, eerzeet “NOTE: "Neither lows 4 to minke 4 negative sate sent about ro peopl or things atthe same time ‘elier” yors before singular countable oun. Wt be it to say “mot eer” aelaton to two things [RULE 0 Usage of Relative fronouns — wha, vhom ‘which un thet (2) "Who! and “whom” are eal {used for people However, thaseprengurs can alo “ined tnveferto animal that are mentioned by nam srddomensionted by people (a Demerie rirale) Baampls: The wletsses wham { nterviewed RaW confhtingevidence. [Used for people] “The prope who jst hoatdad tha plane ara 2 rel ‘band [Used fer peopie| The Yasui scaTee UY a, ‘Rocky, who as sleeping om the nig, [Used Fora pet (2) ‘Whian” Js used for animals in general oF thine (ie. Nom domestic Animals and on Ling thiags)- Location $5 9)(3) “That” can be used for people, animals or things (ia. Norestieions) Exampler ‘The ca that jnsprit bought runs on ebecriity and 2s, [Used fr a thing] The musicion dhat won te Svarl is tndian (Used fora person! The do that Shasing dhe squinels belongs wo jes, [Use fora. ssimall NOTE : Al, any, the only, the same, none, much, none, mc, 0, the litle, the fow, something. ar thing, nothing and nperatine depres areal followed by “tet” ony. They cannot be Joowed by “whe” or eamplen: This a the same book which you were vmading [nearect] This isthe same took that you wore rsding. [Cor- rec] Tals nchesame pean dhart want eo marry. ‘pent upthe tle sment which he had [incorrect] He spent up the itl amount that he ha. [Comect ‘Thi she Resteka can do for you “NOTE: “Wae- v0?" “Whomsver” (1) Wheever ca subjective pe ‘oun eserves asasibjec ora wer. ‘Examples: Whoever is hungry can have the letover pista (Whoever isthe oubjet ofthe ver i, ie “Le 's hungry) Give the package to whoever comes for 1 (Whoeveristhe subject of the veub comes, ke "He eines forit*) 1am happy with whoever wins, (Whoever isthe sub- jectef tbe vex wins, ke “He wins") Whoever is also correct asa vubject complement, with inking verbs sucha, are, pawl. Bxarples Location 70) 495 (G) "That" can be used for peaple, animals er things (Ge No ertrietons) Peompies ‘The cr tht Jsprt bought rans on electricity ard {gu [Used fer a thing] The musician that won the ‘wed is nian [Used fora petean] The eg that i= ‘chasing the squlstels belongs to Beles, (Used fo an ‘ninsall SNOTE + All, cay, the only, the saa, nano, meh, none, much, no, te Wee, ot few, sometnnE, cP ‘hing, nothing end superlative degrersare al flowed 4 tha” on Te canst be ove by who” or Bxazaples: This is the eame book which you were reaing [Incorrect] This is the same book that you were reang. [Cor- eet) This ise sane psson that want tomnarty He Spent ap the Bile amount which he had income] ‘Be spent up the litle amount thet he a. (Correct) ‘This sth best that Tear do for you. "NOTE. "Who- rer se"Whamever=(3) Whoewr ies aabjactive 7ro- ‘oun. Reservesar¢subjet ofa verb, ‘Examples: wheever is hungry can have the leftover piss (Whoever tha ajoct of the er i ies "He ‘is hungry" Give the package to wheever comes for it. (Whavver is she sutjec of the ver conc, He "He comesforit") am happy with vhoewr wins. (Whaever isthe sub- Jest ofthe vecb wins, ke “le wins!) Whoever is aso ‘onret se. subject complement, with linking verbe Suchas ae, and wl be. Exp: 4% 5 Sitleat cov Bee ena preagle, meas cor thea Ge. No resrietions) Examples ‘The car that Jape bought runs on electricity ane (gee [Used fora thing! The musics thet won th ward fc tadian [aed fora parson] The dag thet ‘chasing ue squirels belongs to Briesh [Used for a snimall SNOTE = All, any, the any, the came, mons, mach ‘tone, muck, no, the lite, th few, something, any ‘hing nothing and superatinedagrecs eval alone ‘ny “Thar nly. They exot be fellow by “who 0 Examples: his is the same book which you wer rescing Incorrect “This ithe same hock that you were renting. [Cor sect Thisis the same pensn thee want to MaEy. Spentup theliriesmaunt which Read [ncoeret ‘He pent up the Ite moun that head, correct “This isthe best dat can do fo: you. ‘NOTE. "Whe ver." Whemver:(1) Whoerer i subjective peo ‘noun. HLservesasasubjectota verb. Examples: Whoever is hungsy ca have the love ‘pass. (Whoever he voc of the vas i He {Ss hungry") Gie the package to whoever comes fo 4B. (Wheeveris the eubjoct af the vex comes, he" comes ore") ‘Lam happy with whoever wins. (Whoever is the sub jectof the ver win, ike wins”) Whoever ols Tne as muboct Comper, ith linking such as, ar, and wale Pxampies: Location 70 anobject of the verb choose, like “You choose hirm.") Whomever kote martes is none of our business, (wtomever is the object of the vero marries, ike "Yate mueiechisa”) {am eager to work with whomever Date selects my partner (Whomever nthe eject of Use verb seers, liko*Dalesalectsker") [RULED Thee ste three eypes of condivional ser ‘TYPE CONDITION Ieongition potable tf) {condition in theory possible ro ful ‘Useoadition not possible oF toolate) Leto undacetand thei fora ‘TYPEIE-CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE Simple Present wil future ox (odal + infeitive) os, shallean/say/ must + V1 tu Sunple Past would + V1 or couaaigaustiould + uw Past Perlect would + have + past particle (V2) 02, ‘Could/mighi/ should « ave * past psticipl (V3) ‘Seamples tf totaly, twillpere the seam. ype sf suid would poe the esa, [Type M] Thad studs, t would hove peste the exam [L¥pe MA if your Acs ere inorder yournayn leave once. you want to lose weight you rma cat Ln tdi, If Tiived near my metro satin I would be in ime fr work IFT were you, I would plant some sapings round thehavee Location #5 5% aed 08 Cn “eit atin, Tet “Ts shsseness Main) Whomever Kate marian x none of ov sins (Wrnamever ts he object of the ve mares, le kate mamas him") J ameiger to work win vhomever Dale sects. m7 ‘Wreandition net posse tefl (20 Ite) “TYPE IF-CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE Simple Present willfutun or (Model snalveanmay/ muse V1 itive) or, simple Pas. would + V1 0, coule/mighianouta + a Past Perfect would | nave + past partite (V3) or, could/might!eaould ove» post patie (V3) sbeamples feud, LwiMlpastheseim. [Type 1 studied, would pass che exam. [Type lnc Stull, 1 would have passed the exansrrype ILE {yours are in ordar ou moyican eave tence. fyou want to lose weight you must steve ft cet. rLved near ny meso statlon | would bela time for werk. If were you, 1 would plant some sepligs routhehouse 5% spat of tee cath they, he “tee thane Bien Whomever Kate marries is none of oar business (whomever is ne abject of the verb marries, Ik "eatormarvies him) ‘am eagerto were with whamever Dale selects a) partner (Whomuner ithe cbjece of the verb elec Ike “Dales eleetsher") RULE: There ace thiee tyyes of conditional sen ‘TYRECONDITION condition poseblete flo ‘condita in theory possible to ull conden sot pote to FEN slat) ets eons there Simple Prete will feta or (Medal + inniive)o» shalasnmay/ mast V1 1 ple Past would + V1 cr, could/mightshoul ‘amt ferfect would + have + past parseple (V3) ot ouldhnight! shoald «hava = past parse (V2) eamplee fT tady, Til pase the exam [RypeT) 1 stad I would pate the exam. [ype Tl] 1 ha sucted, 1 vould have passod se exar [Type M1 Sut Slcsorsin ona jotcinyhwa bro oc 1 you want tole wright yon mac ent lees at dit Ir (ea near my mero ston I would Bem tI Jor wore. IF were yeu, I would plore some pling rounethe house, Location 25 eLEwater reaches 100-degree Celsius, it boils. (Univer sal trth) youhest water turns intovapour [ni \ersal ul) RULE 03: The weneral rule for usage of Ubephrace"oneey dees “One of the * PLURAL NOUN + that/ho ste. SINGULAK/PLURAL VERB" So, the noun flowing the peace ‘one of hei aways plural noun The RELATIVE PRONOUN (WEO/THAT/WHICHD is a> soltelyeraial here (2) When dhe slative pronoun “who/that” isnot used ~eifone af the NOUNS is actually the SUBTECT ef heverb-then wee «singular verb, eamploc:Thewe are many bids nthe t96. One of ne ores sea, "One ofthe iPass used 38 te Sa ject (2) When the relative pronoun who/that is ase Le: if"one of she HOURS” is ot actualy the SUBJECT ‘ofthe werbthen we separa web, samples, (i) That is one of the bids that fy over my house at Aight (1) She ie one of the mothem who are ally working hard Lo male bolheadsmcet smsemtence (1) “dha” acs asthe subjecs for te ver ‘fp and than thiceentence ere te Bde ral ‘oun) apes fy (plural verb) suse. sentence (I) "who acts asthe aubjet far the ver “aye, and "who! jn this sentence refers te mothors (pluralmoue) and thus, are (pura vert) is usec. (Gy fehanertenc follevrthe form, “The oly one of {the + PLURAL NOUN = WHO/THAT ete”, SING Lak vet isrequiced, Location 97, es ‘Tf water reaches 100-degree Celsius, it boils. [Univer- alten] ifyocheatveater.iteams nto vapour [Uri ‘versa trurh| RULE 08: The general rae fe usage Of thephose ‘ne of thee: “ One of the = PLURAL NOUN « thet/who ote, + SINGULAR/PLURAL VERB" So, the noun PLowng ‘the phrase “eno af da” i awago a plurd noun The [RELATIVE PRONOUN (WHO/THATI WHICH) is 2)- solute erucal bere (wheathercletiveproaoun“wherthe” isnot used Leif one af the NOUNS is tually the SUBJECT of the ver-then we useaslaguee ver. ‘Examples There are many bid on the toe. Ont of the rds ira 'One ofthe birds used 25 the Su>- jee] @) When the wise pronoun “who/that” is used — Wonca the NOM" inn actualy te SURECT ‘ofthe worn thenre sea pil wer, eames, (9 That is one ofthe birds that fy ver my house at night (I) she is one ofthe mothers wha ere realy ‘worng hard to mare born ends meet. nsentence ),"chae"aces a8 the subject Forte ves “py'jand thet" inchic sentence ceferstbieis(taal ‘Aowiane thus “for (ouwal ver) suse. In sentence (i), “who ets as the subject forthe vee “ar. and “who” in this sentence refers to mothers (plualpoun)and thus, “are” (plural ei) i used. {G)iftheeontones alow th form, "The oniyone of ‘e+ PLURAL NOUN + WHO/THAT ete 4 SINGU- TAR verbiaragaed 5% ‘union tances Ett age radon Selena Fone saltruth]Tfyou heat water it turnsinto vapour [Uni ‘versal truth RULE OS: The general le for usage the phrase “oe afte" One of tha + PLURAL NOUM + that/whe ate SINGULAR/PLURAL VERB" 6, the rout folowing ‘the phrase "ne ofthe! fa alr e plaral noun Th [RELATIVE PRONOUN (WHO/THAT/ WHICH) i | Tengen Meee ascsings [Re ‘verb omain verbs) MOTE : The case of “No soner..than..” No sooner ‘had | enpered the class wont began to ain Incor= srestINo rooney ad Iontared the sasha began 0 "aa. [eorrect sme above ro examples, “No sooner” Is used as a _Adiverd which iselowetby helping verbo Bat us to be nbted that "No sooner aways comes with ean ak aot ith whe “NOTE Some more examples: Lie never goes totem ple Netiber she does. lncorreet| He never goes [0 temple. Neer does ce (Corset) 1a the above examples, the fet past ofthe sentence iscomplete Inthe second part he sentence is slart- Ing with an auvesb "Neldter” which will low the lise of iverson. Thus the helping verb aoe” wll come before the subject "she. ROLE1S: Whencver weuserocmalplcesHhe school, calles, church, bo, table, hospital, market, prison, ‘fl cour, empl, mosque, unierityet.forprimary purpose (or which thoy sre being reds) the asc "ge sent used before them, at when these pes sare sed for secondary purpose, the atc "Theis nedbefvether [Beerples Chiltten go 10 schoo! every day. [Primary purpose He goes to mpi leximary purpose [is home is just bese the temple, [Secondary pur~ potel We ge tochurch on Fridays Cores We goto ‘the dhureh on srsdays.[uncorrect! 12%, verb + main verb + ...] There gues all our muncy! [Ad ‘verb «min verb +] NOTE : The cate of "Wo sooner..than." No sooner Jad entered the clas when it began to rain. [cor soet Nossenay had lenteredthoc ate thenie hogan ‘ain [Comees] ‘nthe above two examples, ‘Mo sooner” Is used. as a [Aeimnbuic i allowed by aati g ver had a ‘eosto be rored that Ne sooner” anes comes With “NOTE Some more axamples He never gacete tm ‘le. Neither she daes. Incorrect) He never 7005 ‘temple. Nether does she, Correct] Inthe aboes amples, the fit park of th sent ‘is complete inthe Secend pare, the sentence sstat ‘ng with an adverb “wither” whic will elo the ‘hw of inversion Thus the helping ver) "doe" i ‘ome before he sbjec: “she -RULELS Weaver we use nora placeslike school ‘oles, church bed, fable, hesptel, market, prison “all our, temple, mosque, university et. fo ttn ‘parpevt (lor hich they anbsing made), the eel "The" isnot uscd before them. But when these pace sre uoed for secondary purpose, the article "The" ‘Ste bere ther, ‘Beales: Children go to schoo every day. [Prman purpose) Me goes to cere Primary purpose ‘some is just beside the temple. (Secondary pur pote] toga to ehareh om Pec [Comere] Wa {he churchon Picays. earec| Location 17 10%made white secondary purpose refers toany work otter ‘hac for which are Dios are bans made Examples He goes to temple it means he goes there oworship] ie goes toe temple it means goes hereto de any woskotber an woes RULELA: Whensver advnibs Ihe ‘No scone, “ward”, “scarey, esc are used In the begining of suntance, hey are alway fllowed by a alping ver Beales: Healy had gan to speak when Twas interrupted, Saavealy had we started our meal when the ohene ‘eng. Ne sooner he Terie tha they all started to some NOTE Mote that adverbs “handy sercebyand barely" are alas followed “when while "No sooner” 0 Tee than" RULES: Use of Ketexvve Fronoan at the Objet 4 soncence, The ebjeet of sentences the person ot thing that receives tie ation ofthe wer) tt ansers {he question "whom cx "what"> ‘There are certain otde which ae sbvays llawedlay an object eno, aval absent, pride, aust, reconcile, ‘sui aac, resign, evmgy exert, opp edapt, ie ‘Wen these words ae nol followed by an ebject in he sentence, we use tne rleave pronouns ae their objec: Beernples () Heenjoyed himedf atthe part (Obie (aD She availed herself ofthe opportunity and thus set = promotion, [Object (TD They enjoyed picture Fase evering. (Chit (TV) The former 1S affcer ace ‘uledhinsefeectivey. Location 191 1395 made while secondary purpose refers ta ary work other ‘hanforwhich aves re heng made ‘Examples He goesto temple. [trmeans he gees there to worship Tie goes tothe templet means he goes theretade ny work other thaa worehip RULEI4: Wheneser adverbs he “We sooner, “Mardy, “searedy’, ec. are used In te Deghuing ofa sentence, they are always alowed by ¢ hering vp eames, acdly had begun 0 peak whom teas interrupted. Searely had we started our spel when the phone ‘ani Me vooner he atived (han they ell started to OTE: Note that avers “hardly scarey cna barely” areal ways falomedby “when”, while" sooner” isfl- Teed by "tha -RULELS: Ure of Reflexive Pronoun as the Object af fa cantance, The objet ofa rontance ithe person oF ‘thing that wecsves the ation afte verb. answers the question “whom orwhat”? "There ae cerimaeorésvihich aveniwarsfoliow by anobjecexey ava absent, prae, aus, recon, cacqul, amuse, resign, ave, ert, apply dap, ‘yrhen these woud ae not followed by a objet in the seatence, we use the refed prouous #8 helt object. Eames) te enjoyed himesY tthe party. [object (ab Ste cated hereof the opportuney and tus got e promotion, [Cbject] (i) They enfiyed pete Test evening. (Object) (V) The former TF ovtcer ae- qed himself eect. Tocation 191 13% smadl sclioanendinen pangpuan niente nepracetities ‘han for which arethey are being mae Baampl:s He goes to teraple. 1 means he woes ther to worshie fe gos tothe temple. [lt mneene he Boe ‘hate doany work othertham wershin] [RULELA: Whenever adverbs ike "No sooner “ary, “Sarcely, et are used In the beglnnin ofa amtanee, they a0 aera followed 57 3 helping vem Tramps Hardly ha Vhogim to epeak when tees interested Seavey had we started cur meal when the phon “nng. No sooner had Losived than they all torte segte “NOTE: nose tha avers hardy scarey ansbare srcetvey fone dy "wher whe "Ne somner fo tbody “than [RULELS: Use of Reeve Honan 48 the Objet 0 $sealeace Te oj fa sentenceisthe peo ine at eects the acon ofthe ver. I answer the quenin whoo what ‘Therearecrtin words which are aways flowed snebject nay ata, pid, ast, rcect sey rnc vngn, ng, sepa ot “When those ward are nat flowed by an abject in ‘the sentence, we use the rtlexve pronouns a eh bjt. Enron (He jaye himeelf atthe prey loner (ly she avates neff or the cpportanity ana thu {gota premetion. [Object (II) They eniyed plesur Jhet evening. [Onc {V) The former IPS officer ee quite hie eetively. Toeation 191) 13%‘Examples: He hédhimseitin the room, {incemecr Fz hid in the voce, (Corvect] She has forthepos. [neorreet Se has qualified forthe post. (Corect RULE 16: ‘There are certain worde which are never flawed by Refexize pronoun, heap sap. umn shave bathe, "pale sel ‘Bramples Ile hd himslfin the cave an thas cared bis ie incorrect din the cave ane tus ed his ie [Correct] inthe givenexamples, we cannot use che woed “hon slp 1 the oud “hdd oot foe by tox pioaeun RULE 17: Whenever the two subjects are connected ‘by “ae well ag, tgether with, along with, and met, 2 ‘aatvon vo, Uke, unde, wth, raher then, except, mo leer then, nothing et, more tha one, Shavers age with hett Subject ‘Examples: Jom, a8 well as Mary, wants te ézop the sours [Singular verb] ere, ac wall at bit Gon, keeps aking me many ‘questions. [siagular veo) The pablsher a5 well as he writers, haseome [Singular ext] Theelubrmer= bers along with his oumer werearrested [reorect] Location 205 1495 ‘third example, the word “eyjoped” 15 followed by the ‘objectplebue Thus, wodo ast noed to put areas Iepronoun asits objet. SHOTE. There are crecin wards which are not followed Bp refleive protouns at thai je: "bry st, ‘qui bathe, move, rst, hie" ‘Examaples He hidhmself ia hervo, incorrect] He Ii in the rooms. (Cereeet] She has qualified hers forthe post [incorrect] ‘She has gualfed for the post. [Correct] RULE 16: ‘There arcentttin werds which are never followed by ‘Reflexive pronoun: hice, eep step, tam shave bathe, ‘Bearnples He hid himelfin the eve and thas raved Iisife. Umeoerect| He hig nthe caveand shus saved Isat Coreee Inthegiven examples we cannct usethe werd uff the wor hi ie flnted ya alae pena [RULET : Whenever the two subjects ae connected ‘yas wells, tagther with long with, end notin adciton 12, ke, uae, wih, rather tha, excep, no less than, nothing but, move thenond, the verbagiees ‘wala the nest Subject, -Exomnples john, at well as 21ay, was Co duop the courte Bingulae verb] Ram, a8 well se his fiends, hops asking me many ‘questions Singular verb] The publsher as well as ‘Use waters cme [Singles verb] The dub aeane bers along withhis ower were arreste. correct] 14% ‘third example, the word “enjayed" is followed by the sbjest“pisee. Thur we doar ncod top 2x {wepromonnasitsonjec. “NOTE: There er corse words whic are no flows Dayrefiesie pronouns a te abject: ea, stp, tam ‘quale, move, ret, Re," {Examples hi mse inthe room [Incorrect Midis th room, (Carret| She has quifed hersel ‘ore pest incorrece she has quatied for awe post. [Corret| RULE 16 ‘Share ace crteia woods witch ae ever fllowed “ellelve pronoun: de, key sp, turn, shave athe ‘Baamples He hid hime in the cave en thus seve ‘ls ME. Incorrect] He hi in he cave ape thus save ‘Mai. [cersect) Inthe given saumples we connote the worth ‘825 the word "hid is et followed by a rfid [RULE7 Whenever the ts subjects are connects bby "as wel cs, gether with long vith and rot. ‘edition vo the, nde, wlth, rete than, xe, lee them, nothing hut, more han ane the verse ‘withthe net sect ‘Examples: Joba, ag well as Mary, wents ta drop te coat. [Sigal] 2am, a¢ wall ag hie fionds, harps acking ms may questions [Sigal ver) The pulishes, as wel a ‘the writers has come. Binguar verb) The cb mem bers along with is coon, werearestes.Incerest Location 205 aayis Singulu, soa singular verb ‘wants" is used. Simi lady in the second case, “Ram isa singular Subjace Wel eyulres a singular verb Beeps NOTE: We fol- Tow thosame ral (he. the verb agree with Die fist Sub ‘ecO when two sajecis are comnecietby “governed by’. Neccompanied by’, "bt, “ese, “ed by, "ren By, oe Examples: Callfomda, slong with Florlds, ts mong fhament papular tS fournt dtinatione The teacher, along withthe Principal, ane entering the cass. [Subject te urs tm this cise] RULELE: me woras ike (a) Adiree Noun (0) Asse Vero fa) acrce ~ Noun (o) Practice — verb (4) Reiot— Noun b)Baliove— Vorb Framplse Lad. vise ou to practice alot snes practice makes a man erect 1m quite geod ot toni bat | ncod to pastce my serve Practice makes a man perfect He gave me a Disc of advlee It is yy belle that my students ae ery talented. 1 believe my students "NOTE: To Toczte moun in the Sentence, we genealy yw iad the aver of what’, ‘who! oF hom’ RULE 19: Thre are Uae cane of “The cazes of rersonal Pronoun Subjective Pronouns Objective Prenune Roceeesive Adjectives Porese, est person We Me Ue By our Mine oars Location 219 1595 ‘is Singular, so a singular verb “wants” is used. Simi- lary nthe second ease, “Ram? is singular Subject ‘unvertequtresasingulst vero Regp “NOTE: Wefel- Tow he sae raha th orb grees withthe fret 3 ‘Jecs) wher bap subjects ve commeted Dy “governed”, “accompanied By” "But “Besides” “ed Dy’, “run by", ete Examples culforns, along with Words, f acing ‘hemos popular US surat destinations ‘The ado, along with Uhe Principal, ae entering the clas. [Subject is plural in this case) RULEIE: Difirence between Nounand Vorb fordmaar sound ‘ng words Ble (a) Advice Noun re - vero (Practice — Noun Prats - (2) Batiet_Noas (8) Believe Verb Examples: Tad. ise you to practice alee see practice makes amaen pate im quite good at tennis but I need to pracies my serve. Practice Takes a man perfect He fave mea Piece of advice ein my belief that my stadente ce ‘ery talented believe my studerts. ‘NOTE: Mo cate noun in te “sentence, we genrll ory tof the aes of "wha ‘Oho’, or whom" RULE 19: There ce thee caer of pronous| “the casesof Personal Pronoun SubjectivePronouns Gbjective Beoncune Pocccesie Adjectives Poever- istpesont ‘welte UsMy ourtine curs 15%, ‘Se Ringeles, we nsbogpbe: wah Senete de seasd. thank lanl, inthe second ease, Ram isa singular Subjee which gules asingala verb"bes”. “NOTE. We ol [bw the saree rae (2 sheverb grant wth the re us “ke when 29 subjects ee connected by “gowerne accompanied fy", "but "erie, led by, ran By" [examples Catforsia, along with Honig, #8 among ‘the most papular US tout destinations “The teaches, lang with th Principal, ave entering fe cass Subject is plaza in Hs case] RUMEN ‘ffernce between Nous sind Ved for simllarsound ‘ng Words, Uke(@) Advice Noun (&) advise — verb (a) tractive ~ Noun (0) Pract vob (@) Belief Moun (¥) Believe Vorb Examples 1d ‘ise You lo precice alot since practice males 2 mar pert ten quite good at ens but Teed to precton my sche. Practice males a man perfot He pave me ‘plce: of adviee tds may belief tha my stadents es very talented. Relieve my students. °NOTE: To lacte noun in th sentence, we generally ty ta fa the err of whet ‘eke! or thom! ROLE 16° There ate throe casos proneuns| “The caaes of Personal Pronoun Subjective Pronoun Objective Pronatne Dossbenios Adjectives Dassee sive pronouns | Test person wen Ushiyour Mine oute Location 219) 15%