Module 1 Q2

Pretest: MULTIPLE CHOICE: Directions: Read and understand each item and choose the letter of the correct
answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What do you call the three-dimensional orientation of the orbital in space around the nucleus? A.
magnetic quantum number C. electron configuration B. principal quantum number D. geometry
2. Which quantum number indicates the relative size of an orbital?
A. magnetic quantum number C. electron configuration B. principal quantum number D. geometry
3. Who are the founding fathers of Quantum Mechanics? A. Werner Karl Heisenberg C. Isaac Newton
B. Erwin Schrodinger D. A & B
4. Which of the following combinations is allowed? A. n=2, ℓ =1, ml= -1, ms= +1/2 C. n=3, ℓ =1, ml=-3, ms=
-1/2 B. n=1, ℓ =1, ml= +1, ms= -1/2 D. None of the above
5. Who said that no two electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers? A. Heisenberg
C. Hund B. Einstein D. Pauli
6. Which of the following symbolizes the spin of an electron? A. mℓ C. n B. ms D. ℓ
7. How many types of quantum numbers? A. 6 C. 8 B. 2 D. 4
8. What does the magnetic quantum number describe? A. distance of the most electron-dense C. number
of electron B. spatial orientation of the orbital D. shape of orbital
9. Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle states that the___ and ___ of an electron cannot be known
simultaneously. How does this statement be completed correctly? A. position, momentum C. position,
charge B. momentum, speed D. position, mass
10. What does the quantum mechanical model describes electrons? A. particles with wave-like properties
C. particles B. small, hard spheres D. waves

Activity 1: Fact or Bluff Directions: Carefully read the following statements below and write FACT if it is
TRUE and BLUFF if it is FALSE on the space provided on the left side.
_______1. The quantum mechanical description of the electron is more accurate than that of Bohr’s
model.
_______2. No two electrons have the same 4 quantum numbers
. _______3. We can both know the energy and the position of electrons at the same time.
_______4. Any two electrons in the same orbital must have the same spins.
_______5. The four quantum numbers are used to describe the probable location of an electron in an
atom.

--Quantum numbers are a set of values that give us information about the location of electrons in the
electron cloud of an atom. It can be used to determine the electron configuration of an atom. According to
the Pauli Exclusion Principle, each electron in an atom has an exclusive set of quantum numbers and no
two electrons can have the same combination of four quantum numbers.
The Four Quantum Numbers Table
1. Principal Quantum Number n 1,2,3,4… (positive integers)
2. Angular Momentum Quantum Number ℓ 0,1,2,3… (0 to n-1)
3. Magnetic Quantum Number ml - ℓ,…-1,0,1…,+ ℓ
4.. Spin Quantum Number ms +1/2, -1/2 1. –
1. The principal quantum number (n), describes the energy of an electron. It refers to the energy level and
the size of the orbital an electron is likely to be found. The value of n starts from 1 to the shell containing
the outermost electron of that atom. The larger the value of (n), the greater is the energy and the larger is
the orbital. The group of orbitals with the same value of n is called an electron shell can have an (n) value
from 1 to 2.
2. Angular/Azimuthal Quantum Number the angular quantum number (ℓ), defines the shape of an atomic
orbital. It also strongly influences bond angles and chemical bonds. It is defined in chemistry that if ℓ = 0, it
is called an s orbital, ℓ = 1 is a p orbital, ℓ = 2 a d orbital, and ℓ = 3 an f orbital. The first p orbital (ℓ = 1) is in
the second electron shell (n = 2), the first d orbital (ℓ = 2) is in the third shell (n = 3), and so on. The set of
orbitals that have the same n and l values is called a subshell.
3. Magnetic Quantum Number The magnetic quantum number (ml), describes the orientation of the
orbital in space and can have integral values between - ℓ and ℓ, including zero. For example, the p subshell
(ℓ = 1) contains three orbitals, so the ml of an electron in a p subshell will be −1, 0, or 1. The outermost
electron of Carbon is in a 2p subshell. This means that for that electron, n=2 and ℓ = 1. Since ℓ = 1, we can
conclude that there are three 2p orbitals in this subshell because there are three values of (ml), given by -1,
0, and 1.
4. Spin Quantum Number Individual electrons within an orbital has a property represented by the spin
quantum number. Each orbital may hold up to two electrons with opposite spin directions. Electrons are
not spinning in a physical sense, this is just a representation of the idea that there are two possible values
for the spin quantum number. When an electron is assigned to spin up, it is represented by an upward
arrow and a value of +1/2. If an electron is spinning down, it is represented by a downward arrow and a
value of -1/2 (Brown, 2015).

Pauli Exclusion Principle: Wolfgang Pauli established in 1926 that a set of quantum numbers is unique to a
single electron. That is to say, no two electrons can have the same n, l, ml, or ms values. The first three
quantum numbers identify a specific orbital and can have the same values, but the fourth is important and
must have opposite spins.
Hund's Rule: When orbitals belong to the same primary shell, their energy levels may be the same. These
orbitals are referred to be degenerate, or "equal energy," orbitals. Electrons fill orbitals one at a time,
according to Hund's Rule. This means that when using the arrow model to design electron configurations,
you must first fill each shell with one electron before starting to pair them up. Remember that an electron
has a negative charge and that electrons repel each other. By remaining unpaired, electrons will attempt to
establish distance between themselves and other electrons. This also explains why electrons in orbitals
have opposite spins (i.e. and).
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle: This principle states that we cannot accurately measure an electron's
momentum and position at the same time. The position of the electron gets less certain as the electron's
momentum becomes more certain, and vice versa (Silberberg, 2013).
1. Which quantum number indicates the relative size of an orbital? A. magnetic quantum number C.
electron configuration B. principal quantum number D. geometry
2. Which of the following combinations is allowed? A. n=2, ℓ =1, ml= -1, ms= +1/2 C. n=3, ℓ =1, ml=-3, ms=
-1/2 B. n=1, ℓ =1, ml= +1, ms= -1/2 D. None of the above
3. Which of the following symbolizes the spin of an electron? A. mℓ C. n B. ms D. ℓ
4. What does the magnetic quantum number describe? A. distance of the most electron-dense C. number
of electron B. spatial orientation of the orbital D. shape of orbital
5. What does the quantum mechanical model describes electrons? A. particles with wave-like properties C.
particles B. small, hard spheres D. waves
6. What do you call the three-dimensional orientation of the orbital in space around the nucleus? A.
magnetic quantum number C. electron configuration B. principal quantum number D. geometry
7. Who are the founding fathers of Quantum Mechanics? A. Werner Karl Heisenberg C. Isaac Newton
B. Erwin Schrodinger D. A & B
8. Who said that no two electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers? A. Heisenberg
C. Hund B. Einstein D. Pauli
9. How many types of quantum numbers? A. 6 C. 8 B. 2 D. 4
10. Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle states that the___ and ___ of an electron cannot be known
simultaneously. How does this statement be completed correctly? A. position, momentum C. position,
charge B. momentum, speed D. position, mass