Physics Outlines

Electric Circuits

Mutaz Rababah
 Electric circuits
p t -

Learning targets
-t
:

Interpret and construct circuit diagram -

Cal culat the equivalent resistance for a circuit of

resistors in series .

Calculate the equivalent resistance for a circuit of

resistors in parallel .

Find the current in and potential difference across

each resistor in parallel and series .

$-s-s-s-_a-an_f$

h T #1
ion-
. The
big quest y l
,

what is an electric circuit ?

electric circuit defined

simply is as
.
•
,
an

path through which electric

A closed charges can flow . As shown

below .

T•
.

An electric circuit

consists of bulb ,
battery ,

and closed switch .

•
Mostly ,
we use the circuit
diagrams or schematic diagrams to

represent a c retain electric circuit as an easier way to do

that .

• Based on that , a schematic diagram on circuit diagram is

defined as :

A representation of circuit that uses lines to represent wires

and different symbols to represent other components .

the bulb
So, instead of
drawing the
battery on as
they are

we use certain symbols that represent them . As shown in table in

electrical components symbols

'

Table it ) : some

M
-

• Is
•

( open )
•
Examples of circuit diagrams :

II ) 12 ) ( 3)

Example # too Draw a circuit diagram that consists of

3 lamp ( bulb ) ,
one
battery ,
closed switch ,

and a
capacitor .

Example # 2 : Draw a circuit diagram that consists of one resistor ,

variable resistor , and

one one DC
supply ,
one
lamp .
Extra
I t
practice a
.
LT # 2 and 3 :
-

The
big question
"
"

bulbs connected the household ?

How are the
light in

• Bulbs or resistors can be connected in two

ways . ( shown below ,

1 . Series connection 2 .
parallel connection

Eyot "

← ←
I
§→± ,
←
tot
Itof Ito t I
tot

• In series connection there

,
is only
one
path for electric current as it •
In parallel connection ,
there are

flows from positive to

negative more path of electric
than on

terminal of the battery . current to flow through .

( current did not split ) ( current split )

• we usually call the current •
The
point at which electric
-

that leaving on
entering the current split is called .

same
battery as ( Itot ) . Junction
%
.

battery 's
>\•••'•••
Likewise , we call the
"
voltage ( VI.of ) .

Itot it
I,

a. Meanwhile , the
major difference between parallel and series is

parallel connection While

" "

that the current in split .

in series

does not .
• But ,
is there
any other differences between parallel and series ?

fact
In .
yes there is .

• let us consider the

following diagrams to explore the

differences *
.

• The voltmeter is a device that •

The ammeter is a device that can

Used to measure the Voltage across be connected in series with the

an electrical component .
( connected in parallel ) circuit to measure the current .

- • n

p¥÷n
" " "

al
→
f # # I B) It "
¥3
Itof Ito Itoi Itot
.

~ JI 4 ~
&
t
t, V3

- n n
.

A ←

I. Itot
J
<

As can see the current that As can see the current has
•
you , • we ,

( Ri and Rs ) split many times and different

passing through , Ra ,

is the same . So , we can write : currents will pass through LR , ,Rz ,

and Rz ) . So , we can write :

I tot = I, = I2 =
I3 = - -
- -

I tot = I, t
Iz t -
- - -

The total
•
voltage in series ( the voltage
of the battery ) can be
given as : • The total voltage in parallel can

be given as :

V tot Vi t V2 +
Vz t
Vz
-

V,
- -

Vz
-

V of
= = = - - -
-

*
• In
figure Lal , we can replace the three resistors ( R, = too r , 122=30on ,

and 123=50 that have the of the three

n
) by only one sum

resistances .
and the last one will be called later the equivalent

resistance ( Req ) . Where :

I . In series :

Req = R, t Rz t Rg t
- - - -

2 . In parallel :

( th ta tht )
-

Req = t

,
t - - -

•
The table below shows -
in
summary
- all differences between parallel and
series .
 Which of the parallel
Example # 3:
which is series ?
following circuit is and

(b )
•
(a) ( C)
£This Kind of circuit
called ' '

complex
circuit it
"

.
since .

consists of the two

types of connection .

Example # 4 : Find the equivalent resistance of each circuit given

below .

1 .

2 .
 3 .

4 .
5 .

6 .
7 .

8 .
:
 h.tt#48 ( Note : we will explain this hot through examples )

Example # 5 : for the circuit

given below find the total current
,
.

Rz = Gr R, =3or
W W
-

Itot
-
→ w

V=9v 122=5 r

Example #6 : for the circuit given below ,

find the total current .

Y Itoi te
k¥
b I2=3 A

122=5 or
1 ,
Example # 7 : for the circuit
given below find ,
:

1) Hot 2) Itot 3) Rz 4) R , 5) Iz 6) Iy

7) The power dissipated in Ri , R2 , and Rs .

Itot
→
Is j→2A
¥1329
1A

i
"
{ a.

Hint : you can find the power dissipated in a resistance by using

of relations
one the following .
.

P IV p=I2R I
p
-
-
-
-

. .
← R
power ( Watt ( WI )
Example #8 : for the circuit given below ,
find :

1) Itot 2) Rz 3) Vtot 4) Y

5) The power dissipated in R2 and Rg .

-
1414
w
-
w
-
w

\ Rz 122=4 r R, =2r
Example #9 : for the circuit given below ,
find all currents .

M W

123=6or 124=21
m m
-

R, =2r 122=5or

←
Itot
v
tot = 20 V
Example # IO : for the circuit
given below find ,
:

1) Vz 2) Vy 3) V2 4) It 5) R,

6) Itot 7) Vtot 8) The power dissipated in R, .

0.3A
→ m m

123=6or 124=21
m m
-

R, 122=5or

Itot
Extra practices

1 .

2 .
3 .
4 .
5 .
6 .