QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH ( PAST PERFECT TENSE )

Công thức quá khứ hoàn thành cũng gồm 3 cấu trúc quá khứ hoàn thành
2.1. Thể khẳng định thì quá khứ hoàn thành
Cấu trúc: S + had + VpII

Trong đó:

 S (subject): Chủ ngữ

 Had: trợ động từ
 VpII: động từ phân từ II (Quá khứ phân từ)

Ví dụ:

 She had had breakfast before we came. ( Cô ấy đã ăn sáng trước khi chúng
tôi tới. )
 The boy had finished his homework before he went to bed last night. ( Cậu
bé đã hoàn thành bài về nhà trước khi đi ngủ đêm qua. )

2.2. Thể phủ định thì quá khứ hoàn thành

Cấu trúc: S + had not + VpII

Lưu ý: hadn’t = had not

Ví dụ:

 Linda hadn’t washed the dishes when her mother came home. (Linda vẫn
chưa rửa bát khi mẹ cô ấy về đến nhà.)
 We hadn’t eaten anything by the time our father returned . (Lúc bố chúng
tôi quay lại, chúng tôi vẫn chưa ăn gì .)

Nắm vững công thức thì quá khứ hoàn thành để làm bài tập
2.3. Thể nghi vấn thì quá khứ hoàn thành
Câu hỏi Yes/No question

Cấu trúc: Had + S + VpII?

Trả lời:
  Yes, S + had.
 No, S + hadn’t.

Ví dụ:

 Had he left when we went to bed? (Anh ấy đã về lúc chúng ta đi ngủ phải
không ?)
Yes, he had./ No, he hadn’t.
 Had your phone disappeared by the time you woke up? (Tên trộm đã biến
mất trước khi anh tỉnh dậy phải không?)
Yes, it had./ No, it hadn’t

Câu hỏi WH- question thì quá khứ hoàn thành

Cấu trúc: WH-word + had + S + VpII +…?

Trả lời: S + had + VpII +…

Ví dụ:

 What had you done before midnight yesterday? (Cậu đã làm gì trước nửa
đêm hôm qua?)
 How had he tried before he achieved his goal? (Trước khi ông ấy đạt được
mục tiêu của mình, ông ấy đã cố gắng như thế nào?)

Sử dụng đi kèm với thì quá khứ đơn khi sử dụng các giới từ, liên từ như:
before, after, when, until, as soon as,...

Ví dụ:

- When my brother graduated from university, he had gone abroad to work (Khi
anh trai tôi tốt nghiệp đại học, anh ấy đi nước ngoài làm việc).

- I had waited here for 3 hours until the train left (Tôi đã đợi ở đây 3 tiếng đến khi
tàu chạy).

Bài tập 1: Chia động từ trong ngoặc theo dạng đúng của thì quá khứ hoàn thành để
hoàn thành câu.
1. The tornado destroyed the tent that people (build) ____________.

2. My sister (not / be) ____________ to Ho Chi Minh before 2020.

3. When she went out to play, she (do / already) ____________ her homework.

4. She ate all of the candy that her mum (make) ____________ .

5. The nurse took off the plaster that she (put on) ____________ 8 weeks before.

6. The waitress brought food that I (not / order) ____________ .

7. They could not remember the song they (learn) ____________ 2 week before.

8. The children collected items that (fall) ____________ from the shop.

9. (she / phone) ____________ Hai before she went to see him in China?

10. My dad (not / ride) ____________ elephants before that day.

Bài tập 2: Bài tập trắc nghiệm thì quá khứ hoàn thành: Chọn đáp án đúng trong
các câu dưới đây

Câu 1. Yesterday, his parents went home after he (finish) ___ his work.

A. had finished; B. Has finished; C. Finished

Câu 2. When they came to the stadium, the match (already start) ___.

A. had already start; B. Had already started; C. Already started

Câu 3. We sat down after our friends (go) ___.

A. had gone; B. went; C. has gone

Câu 4. Before his grandpa died, he (be) ___ ill for several months.
A. had been; B. was; C. is

Câu 5. Last night after he (watch) ___ TV, he did the exercise.

A. watched; B. had watch; C. had watched

Câu 6. Before she went to the department, she (do) ___ her work.

A. had done; B. did; C. has done

Câu 7. When I got to the party, he (go) ___ home.

A. has gone; B. had gone; C. went

Câu 8. By the time the police arrived, their house (be) ___ burned down.

A. was; B. had been; C. is

Câu 9. When she got up, her mother (go) ___ to work.

A.went; B. has gone; C. had gone

Câu 10. If you (listen) ___ to him, you would have won the game.

A. had listened; B. listened; C. has listened

Bài tập 3: Chọn động từ đúng để hoàn thành câu

1. The robbers left/ had left the bank when the policemen finally arrived/ had
arrived.

2. When the rain started/ had started, the Atkinsons finished/ had
finished planting trees.

3. By the time she went/ had gone into the store, she got/ had got soaked.

4. He saw/ had seen this castle before he came/ had come again last Monday.
5. Lam didn’t speak/ hadn’t spoken any Chinese before she moved/ had
moved to Peking.

6. I got / had got fainted by the time the ambulance reached/ had reached the
hospital.

7. When his mother brought/ had brought him an apple, I finished/ had
finished his homework.

8. Lan refused/ had refused to drive the car because she had/ had had a terrible
accident on the highway about 2 year ago.

9. I didn’t think/ hadn’t thought of having a small house before I saw/ had
seen that ad on Internet.

10. My aunt didn’t try/ hadn’t tried Korean food before went/ had gone to that
restaurant.

Bài tập 4: Chọn đáp án đúng

1. He had already seen the TV but he decided to watch it again last night.

2. He watched the TV last night for the first time.

3. Last night wasn’t the first time that he had seen the TV.

4. They were playing football while it was raining.

5. They were playing football until it started to rain.

6. They played football in the rain.

7. We were writing an email when our computer broke down.

8. Our computer broke down before we wrote an email.

9. We had started writing an email and then our computer broke down.

Bài tập 5: Sử dụng từ gợi ý để hoàn thành câu

cut, drink, snow, leave, read, make, ride, have, phone, wash

1. My mother _____________ the grass.

2. They _____________ the car.

3. ____________ her bike?

4. The bus ___________ already.

5. She ____________ us.

6. ________________ a lot?

7. They ____________ lunch.

8. It _____________ some water.

9. She ______________ a ghost story.

10. _____________ her bed?

Bài 1: Chia động từ ở các câu sau đây.

1. They (go) ……………..home after they (finish) ………………… their work.

2. She said that she (already, see) ……………………. Dr. Rice.

3. After taking a bath, he (go) ………………………….. to bed.

4. He told me he (not/eat) ………………………… such kind of food before.

5. When he came to the stadium, the match (already/ begin)
………………………………….

6. Before she (watch) ………………….. TV, she (do) ………………. homework.

7. What (do) …………….. he before he went to the airport?

8. After they (go) ………………………, I (sit) ……………….. down and (watch)

…………..TV

9. Yesterday, John (go) ………………….. to the store before he (go)

………………… home.

10. She (win) ………………………. the gold medal in 1986.

Bài 2: Chia động từ ở thì quá khứ đơn hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành.

1. We were driving along the road when ___________ (we/ see) a car which
__________ (break) down, so __________ (we/ stop) to help.

2. Sorry I’m late. The car _______ (break) down on my way here.

3. Jack travels a lot. When I first met him, _____________________ (he/ already/
travel) around the world.

4. The house was very quiet when I got home. Everybody ___________ (go) to
bed.

5. Paul wasn’t at the party when I arrived. ______ (He/ go) home.

Bài 3: Chia động từ ở thì quá khứ đơn hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành.

1. Tom ……………… (give) me the book yesterday but I knew he ………………

(not read) it

2. When I arrived home I realized that I ……………… (not phone) my

grandparents

3. The postman ……………… (come) after I ……………… (leave) the office

4. When the old lady ……………… (return) to her flat, she ……………… (see)
that burglars ……………… (break) into.
5. My grandmother ……………… (make) some cheese sandwiches when I
……………… (get) home at 5.30

6. By the time Linda ……………… (park) her car, her boyfriend ………………
(drink) two cups of coffee

7. I wondered where I ……………… (see) him before

8. My dog ……………… (be) hungry because he ……………… (have) nothing to

eat since breakfast

9. I ……………… (recognize) him because I ……………… (see) his photo in the

newspaper before

10. Margaret was upset because her husband ……………… (forget) her birthday.

Bài 4: Viết lại câu sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành.

1. Tom went home after that I arrived at the party

After Tom ___________________________________________

2. She had dinner and then she came to my house.

After she_____________________________________________

3. She went to the airport but the plane had already departed

After the plane ________________________________________

4. Her wallet was stolen and then she went to the police station

After her _____________________________________________

5. I took the bus and then went shopping

After I _______________________________________________

6. She arrived home then she prepared tea for her kids

After she ____________________________________________

Bài 5: Khoanh tròn dạng đúng của động từ ở thì quá khứ đơn hoặc quá khứ
hoàn thành sau cho phù hợp với ngữ cảnh câu.
 1. The robbers (left/ had) ……………… left the bank when the policemen
finally (arrived/ had arrived) ………………. .
2. When the rain (started/ had started) ……………… , the Atkinsons
(finished/ had finished) ……………… planting trees.
3. By the time Rebecca (went/ had gone) ……………… into the store, she
(got/ had got) ……………… soaked.
4. Darcey (saw/ had seen) ……………… this castle before she (came/ had
come) ……………… again last Sunday.
5. Mr.Palmer (didn’t speak/ hadn’t spoken) ……………… any Chinese
before he (moved/ had moved) ……………… to Peking.
6. Sonny (got / had got) fainted by the time the ambulance (reached/ had
reached) ……………… the hospital.
7. When my mother (brought/ had brought) ……………… me an apple, I
(finished/ had finished) ……………… my homework.
8. Mrs.Wilkinson (refused/ had refused) ……………… to drive the car
because she (had/ had had) ……………… a terrible accident on the
highway about a year ago.
9. I (didn’t think/ hadn’t thought) ……………… of having a new house
before I (saw/ had seen) ……………… that ad on TV.
10. My uncle (didn’t try/ hadn’t tried) ……………… Italian food before
(went/ had gone) ……………… to that restaurant.
 Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn (Past Perfect Continuous)

là thì dùng để diễn tả sự việc, hành động đang diễn ra bắt đầu trong quá khứ và tiếp
tục cho đến một thời điểm hoặc sự kiện khác trong quá khứ. Thì nhấn mạnh thời
lượng của hành động (duration) hơn là sự hoàn thành của nó (completion).

Dạng câu Công thức

Câu khẳng định S + had + been + V-ing

Câu phủ định S + had + not + been + V-ing

Câu nghi vấn Had + S + been + V-ing?

2.1. Câu khẳng định

Ví dụ:

She had been studying for ages.


 I had been cooking befor he came.
Lưu ý: “Been” luôn luôn đứng sau “had”.

2.2. Câu phủ định

Ví dụ:

 He had not been studying for long.

 We hadn’t been talking to each other when he arrived.
Lưu ý: Trong câu phủ định, bạn chỉ cần thêm “not” sau trợ động từ “had” và có
thể viết tắt “had not” thành “hadn’t”.

2.3. Câu nghi vấn

E.g.:

 Had you been waiting for long when the train finally arrived?
 Ví dụ:

 Had you been studying for long?

 Had you been going somewhere after comming home?
 Why had you been leaving after I asking question?

Dấu hiệu nhận biết của thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn

Bạn có thể nhận biết thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn thông qua một số dấu hiệu
bao gồm:

1. Until then (cho đến lúc đó).

Ví dụ: Until then, I had been working. (Cho đến lúc đó, tôi vẫn đang làm việc).

2. By the time (trước lúc, vào thời điểm).

Ví dụ: By the time my mom came home, I had been doing homework. (Vào thời
điểm mẹ tôi về nhà, tôi đang làm bài tập).

3. By + mốc thời gian cụ thể (từ trước cho đến lúc...).

Ví dụ: By 4pm, she had been watching TV for 5 hours. (Đến 4 giờ chiều, cô ấy đã
xem TV được 5 tiếng).

4. Prior to that time (thời điểm trước đó).

Ví dụ: Prior to that time, the government had always been controlling the problem.
(Trước thời điểm đó, chính phủ luôn kiểm soát được vấn đề).

6.1. Về khái niệm

QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP

HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN
DIỄN
Sử dụng để diễn đạt một hành động
được thực hiện trước một hành động
khác trong quá khứ.
Ví dụ:
Until then, I had not been loving her
for 2 years.
(Cho đến lúc đó, tôi đã không còn yêu
cô ấy được 2 năm rồi).
Sử dụng để diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ
nhưng hành động đó vẫn còn tiếp tục ảnh hưởng ở thời điểm
hiện tại và có thể kéo dài đến cả tương lai.
Ví dụ:
She has been going to the supermarket for 2 hours..
(Cô ấy sống đi siêu thị được hai tiếng đồng hồ rồi)
→ Tính từ quá khứ cho đến hiện tại, cô ấy đã ở được một
năm và có thể tiếp tục ở thêm nhiều năm nữa trong tương lai.

6.2. Về cấu trúc

HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP

QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN
DIỄN

S + HAD + BEEN + V-ing

S + HAS/HAVE + BEEN + V-ing
Câu Ví dụ:
khẳng They had been starving for two hours when he Ví dụ:
định exposed It has been raining for 3 days.
(Họ đã bị bỏ đói suốt hai tiếng khi anh ấy tìm (Trời đã mưa ba ngày rồi)
thấy)

S + HADN’T/HAD NOT + BEEN + V-ing

S + HASN’T/HAVEN’T + BEEN +
Ví dụ: V-ing
Câu phủ My sister had not been doing anything when
định Ví dụ:
my mother came home.
She hasn’t been eating all yesterday.
(Em gái tôi đã chả làm việc gì khi mẹ tôi về
(Cô ấy đã không ăn gì cả ngày hôm qua)
nhà)

Cấu HAS/HAVE + S + BEEN + V-ing?

trúc ở HAD + S + BEEN + V-ing?
Ví dụ: Have you been working hard for
câu nghi WH(question) + HAD + S + + BEEN +
vấn one month?
V-ing…?
(Bạn đã làm việc chăm chỉ suốt một
Cấu trúc câu trả lời:
Yes, S + HAD./ No, S + HADN’T/ No, S
+ HAD NOT.
Ví dụ:
Had he been studying homework when you
tháng rồi phải không
called him?
( Có phải cậu ấy đã làm bài tập về nhà khi bạn
gọi cho cậu ta không?)

 Yes, he had./ No, he hadn’t

Bài 1: Complete the sentence with the Past Perfect Continuous form of the
verbs in brackets

1. She __________ for the bus for an hour. (wait)

2. They __________ tennis for three hours before it started raining. (play)
3. By the time we got to the party, the cake __________ for an hour.
(bake)
4. He __________ French for six months before he moved to Paris. (study)
5. The construction workers __________ since early morning. (drill)
6. She __________ on the project for weeks before she realized she needed
more data. (work)
7. By the time they arrived, we __________ up the decorations for hours.
(set up)
8. He __________ video games all day before he remembered he had
homework. (play)
9. They __________ in the mountains for two days before they reached the
summit. (hike)
10.The choir __________ for weeks before the big performance. (rehearse)

Bài 2: Choose the correct verb tense to complete the following sentences
(either the Past Perfect Continuous or the Past Perfect)
 1. By the time I got home, my roommate (had been cooking / had cooked)
dinner for an hour.
2. The marathon runners (had been training / had trained) for months
before the race.
3. They couldn’t walk anymore because they (had been dancing / had
danced) all night.
4. The company (had been developing / had developed) the new product
for a year before it was released.
5. She realized she (had been wasting / had wasted) her time on social
media instead of studying.
6. By the time we got to the beach, the kids (had been playing / had
played) in the sand all morning.
7. She (had been finishing / had finished) her homework before she went
to bed.
8. They (had been working / had worked) on the project for weeks before
they realized they needed more help.
9. He got a job after he (had been graduating / had graduated) from
college.
10.The students (had been taking / had taken) notes for the entire lecture
before the professor announced there would be no quiz.

Bài 3: Choose the correct verb tense to complete the following sentences
(either the Past Perfect Continuous or the Past Perfect)

1. We were all happy because we ________ in our homework on time.

(hand)
2. Mrs Shilton ________ a primary school teacher for twenty years before
she became headmaster of the school. (be)
3. When we got there, we saw that they ________ for over 20 minutes.
(rest)
4. We ________ dance moves for over two hours, so you can imagine we
were very tired. (practise)
5. The film ________ when we finally got to the cinema. (already start)
6. By the time I ________ to school, the lesson had already started. (get)
7. I ________ up for a few minutes when the doorbell rang and our friends
arrived. (only wash)
8. He ________ about the accident before he saw it on TV. (hear)
9. I ________ the office after I had finished writing my last email. (leave)
 10.The car ________ down shortly after we had got on the motorway.
(break)

Bài 1: Viết câu hỏi sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn.

1. How long ……………………………………….. before you crashed?

(you | drive)
2. Why were Maria’s eyes so red? ………………………………..? (she |
cry)
3. The road was covered with snow in the morning. ……….. all night? (it |
snow)
4. How long …………………………….. when you got up? (you | sleep)
5. ……………………….. my wine? The bottle was nearly empty. (you |
drink)
6. How long ………………………………… before you sat the exam?
(you | revise)
7. Your hands were covered with chocolate. ………… a cake? (you |
make)
8. How many days ………. when they reached the port? (Billy and
Jackson | sail)
9. Kate knew all about it. ……………. to our conversation? (she | listen)
10.Why were your trousers so dirty? ……….. on the ground? (you | sit)

Bài 2: Chia động từ và hoàn thành câu sau.

1. It was very noisy next door. Our neighbors……………(have) a party.

2. John and I went for a walk. I had difficulty keeping up with him because
he ………… (walk) so fast.
3. Sue was sitting on the ground.She was out of breath. She ……………
(run)
4. When I arrived, everybody was sitting round the table with their mouths
full. They ……….… (eat).
5. When I arrived, everybody was sitting round the table and talking. Their
mouths were empty, but their stomachs were full. They ………….. (eat)
6. Jim was on his hands and knees on the floor. He ……..…… (look) for
his contact lens.
7. When I arrived, Kate ……….….. (wait) for me. She was annoyed with
me because I was late and she ………..… (wait) for a long time.
Bài 3: Chia động từ với những động từ trong ngoặc sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn
thành tiếp diễn.

D: Peter, how long …………………………………………… the laptop before it

started working? (you | repair)

E: The laptop? It took me five hours to repair it.

D: I was so tired at the end of the hike!

E: But …………………………………………………………….. so much. (we |

not walk)

D: Why was your shirt full of stains?

E: ……………………………………………………… my car. (I | clean)

D: You looked so exhausted.

E: Really? But …………………………………………………….. so hard. (I | not

work)

D: Why did Sara get sunburn?

E: Because …………………………………………………. on the beach all day.

(she | lie)

D: Mr. John, why were you so annoyed?

E: Because ………………………………………………… to my arguments at all.

(they | not listen)

D: …………………………………………………….. for a long time when you

saw the doctor? (you | cough)

E Not really. For two or three days.

D: Miss Jones, how long ………………………………….French when you moved

to France? (you | learn)

E: To tell the truth I’d never learned French before that.

D: Hi, Peter. Did you talk to Susan at last?

E: Yes, I did. But …………………………………………………. to me for a
week before that. (she | not speak)

D: The police finally caught the bank robbers early in the morning.

E: I know. ……………………………………………………… for them day and

night. (they | look).

Bài 4: Chọn đáp án đúng.

1. I had been using that phone for a year……………………………….

1. when I bought it
2. when it stopped working
2. George had been phoning Kate ……………………………………….

1. before he crashed
2. several times
3. …………………………………….. because I’d been exercising all afternoon.

1. I have enough of it
2. I had enough of it
4. Sarah had been going out with me…………………………………..

1. until she changed her job

2. after she changed her job
5. We’d been writing …………………………………. before lunch.

1. three tests
2. tests
6. They had been decorating their bedroom…………………………..

1. The paint was everywhere.

2. It was ready to use again.
7. I’d been eating vegetarian meals ……………………………………..when I
gave up.

1. three times
2. for three years
8. ………………………………. he had been sailing on big ships.

1. Before my dad retired

2. My dad was a sailor and
9. Somebody had been drinking my apple juice.

1. Here was nothing left.

2. The glass was nearly empty.
10. I’d been chatting with my
friends………………………………………………….

1. that’s why my mum was angry

2. that’s why my mum had been angry

Bài 5: Chọn đáp án đúng.

1. He _____________ in that country for five years when I first met him.

1. lived
2. was living
3. had lived
4. had been living
2. The Titanic _____________ on the sea bed for 70 years when they found it.

1. had laid
2. had lain
3. had been lying
4. had been laying
3. Had the players _____ playing by the rules?

1. be
2. have
3. been
4. When she arrived I _____________ for ten minutes.

1. waited
2. will have waited
3. had been waiting
4. was waiting
5. They _____________ trees all afternoon when I saw them.

1. had been planting

2. had planted
3. were planting
4. had picking
6. She ________ expecting the worst.

1. had
2. ‘d been
3. had being
7. When I met the old preacher _____________ for 20 years in that Parish.

1. he had been preaching

2. had been preaching
3. preached
4. was preaching
8. The lonely couple _____________ a son for a long time.

1. are wanting
2. were wanting
3. had been wanting
4. wanted
9. I finally reached my mom. ________ her all day.

1. I’d been calling

2. I have called
3. I called
10. When I got there they _____________ felling trees for hours.

1. had been
2. had being
3. were
4. will have been