WOLLEGA UNIVERSITY SHAMBU CAMPUS

FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

COURSE TITLE; DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENTS

COURSE CODE AEng 3092

TITLE; DESIGN OF SCREW GACK SMALL AND MEDIUM

AUTOMBILE GARAGES

Advisor: Mr. Adugna (M.sc)

Prepared by ID NO-

Mogos Moga……………………………………………………………………… 1304250

Firomsa Kebena ………………………………………………………………….. 1306512

Betsegaw Bediru …………………………………………………………………. 1303613

Ifa Abebe …………………………………………………………………………..1307184

Masarat Kaba ……………………………………………………………………. 1306707

Shambu, Ethiopia
January,2024
 WOLLEGA UNIVERSITYSHAMBU CAMPUS

FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

DECLARATION

Certified that the project report is work of Mogos Moga , Firomsa Kebena, Ifa
Abebe, Betsegaw Bediru,Masarat Kaba who carried out the report work under my
Supervision during the year 2016.

ADVISOR HEAD OF DEPARTEMENT

Name:- Mr. Adugna Dinkisa Name:- Mr.Adugna Dinkisa

Dep’t :- Agricultural Eng’g Dep’t:- Agricultural Eng’g Dep’t

Wollega University Shambu Wollega University Shambu

Campus Campus

Signature: ___________________ Signature: ___________________

Internal Examine

Name Signature Date

1. Mogos Moga …………………. 30/04/2016 E.C

2. Ifa Abebe ……….…………. 30/04/2016 E.C
3 Firomsa Kebena ……….…………. 30/04/2016 E.C
4.Betsegaw Bediru …………. ………… 30/04/2016 E.C

5.Masarat Kaba ……………………… 30/04/2016 E.C

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all I would like to thanks my God for his ill as health, piece.I would like to acknowledge
my advisers Mr. Adugna Dinkisa for his exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant encouragement
throughout the course of this thesis. The blessing, help and guidance given by him time to time shall
carry me a long way on the journey of life in which I am about to embark. I also take this opportunity to
express a deep sense of gratitude to the mentor for his cordial support, valuable information and
guidance, which helped me in completing this task through various stages.

Lastly, I thank almighty, my parents, and friends for their constant encouragement without which this
Project would not be completed.
 EXECUTIVE SUMMERY

It is clear fact that the knowledge Engineering cannot be up graded without practical experience
in each field of subject matter. This includes design process, implementation, evaluation and
management in general. The paper includes the background of the host company including its
history, major production, the overall function, process product and flow diagram of the process
and etc.The content of the paper have been divided in to three chapters and topics covered
including the introduction, Rural Energy, discussion and experience gained and
recommendation and conclusion. On the intern time I have learnt different things from different
conditions starting from ethics to how can manage big factories and what is expected from one
way learned Agricultural Engineering.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO TITLE PAGE NO-

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ……………………………………………………………………………. i

EXECUTIVE SUMMERY………………………………….……………… ii
LIST OF FIGURES ……………………………………………………… iii
LIST OF TABLES ……………………………………………………..… iv

ACRONYM AND ABBREVIATION …………………………….……… v

NOMENCLATURE ………………………………………………………………. vi

CHAPTER 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………. 01

1.1WORKING PRINCIPLE ………………………………………………………………… 02

1.2 APPLICATIONS ……………………………………………………………………… 03

1.3 ADVANTAGES ………………………………………………………………………… 03

1.4 DISADVANTAGES ……………………………………………………………………. 03

CHAPTER 2

2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM …………………………………………………………………….. 04

2.2 NEED FOR AUTOMATION……………………………………………………………. 04

2.3 THE ARMATURE……………………………………………………………………… 07

2.4 THE COMMUTATOR AND BRUSHES ………………………………………………. 07

CHAPTER 3

3.1 WORKING PRINCIPLE ……………………………………………………………….. 08

3.2 THEORETICAL CONSIDERATION ………………………………………………….. 09

3.3CONSTRUCTION ………………………………………………………………………. 09

3.4ADVANTAGES………………………………………………………………………….. 18

3.5 DISADVANTAGES ……………………………………………………………………...18

 3.6 APPLICATIONS …………………………………………………………………………18

CHAPTER 4

4.1 PROPOSED DESIGN – MODEL OF

MOTORIZEDSCREWJAC……………………………………………………………… 19
4.2 PROPOSED DESIGN – POWER SUPPLUNIT FOR MOTOR………………………….19

4.3 PROPOSED DESIGN – MOTOR MOUNTI

FOR SCREW LEAD IN JACK………………………………………………………….. 20

4.4 PROPOSED DESIGN – MOTOR MOUNTED FINAL

PRODUCT WORKING ON MOTOR AUTOMATICALLY……………………………. 21

4.5 HARDWARE USED IN PROJECT …………………………………………………… 21

4.6 TOOLS USED IN PROJECT……………………………………………………………. 22

CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION …………………………………………………………………….. 23

REFERENCES
……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 24

LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE.NO PAGE.NO

1.1 Scissor Jack ………………………………………………………………………… ……. 01

1.1.2 Scissor Jack Woking ……………………………………………………………………... 03

2.1.1 Motorized Screw Jack ……………………………………………………………………. 04

2.1.2 Automation Jack ………………………………………………………………………… 07

4.1 Proposed Design – Model Of Motorized Screw Jack………………………………………..19

4.2 Proposed Design – Power Supply Unit For Motor ………………………………………… 20

4.3 Proposed Design – Motor Mounting For

Screw Lead In Jack ………………………………………………………………………... 20

4.4 Proposed Design – Motor Mounted Final

Product Working On Motor Automatically ……………………………………………….. 21

LIST OF TABLES PAGE NO-

Estimation of the project work…………………………………………………………………

22
ACRONYM AND ABBREVIATION
ATA……………………………………Agricultural Transformation Agency
E.C…………………………………….... Ethiopian Calendar

Eqns…………………………………...…Equations

FREG……………………………………..Farmers Research Engineering Group

HRD…………………………………….....Human Resource Development

MST……………………………………….Ministry Science and Technology

NGO………………………………………..Non-Government Organization

PTO…………………………………………Power Take Off

 NOMENCLATURE
Ha………………………………………..Hectare

Hr…………………………………………hour

J …………………………………………Joule

Kg………………………………………..kilogram

KJ/kg……………………………………..Kilo Joule per kilogram

KWh ……………………………………..kilo watt hour

Mm……………………………………….millimeter

M3/s……………………………………….metric cubed per second

Nm…………………………………………Newton meter

Rpm…………………………………………revolution per minute

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

An electrically operated screw-type jack comprising a support base, a housing, a jack body, a
lifting ram which is contained in the jack body, a servo motor which is contained in the housing,
reduction gears for transmitting the driving power of the servo motor to the lifting ram, a safety
device prevent the motor and the power transmitting mechanism from an abrupt .

Failure due to overloading, a square head pin for conventional hand operation of the jack when
the jack is overloaded. The safety device consists of a clutch disk, a clutch spring and a sleeve.
The reduction gears consist of first sun and planet gears, second sun and planet gears and a sun
gear cylinder.

The remote is used for control the jack from distance. In case of heavy object the jack can be
operated remotely. No need to control manually, this project reduces the accident.
 Fig1.1: Scissor jack

1.1 WORKING PRINCIPLE:

A screw jack or a Jackscrew is operated by turning a lead screw. The height of the jack is
adjusted by turning the lead screw. This can be done either manually or by integrating an electric
motor with it. This integration is our project. Power screws are used to convert rotary motion into
translatory motion. A screw jack is an example of a power screw in which a small force applied
in a horizontal plane is used to raise or lower a large load. The principle on which it works is
similar to that of an inclined plane. The mechanical advantage of a screw jack is the ratio of the
load applied to the effort applied. The screw jack is operated by turning a lead screw. The effort
required to rotate the screw can be eliminated by using a 12V DC motor to rotated screw of jack;
which facilitate in easy replacement of tyre. Advantage of this system is that it draws the energy
from the battery of vehicle. For torque multiplication; generated by motor two spur gear are
used. A small gear is mounted on motor shaft and a large spur gear on power screw of jack. Also
we are looking for to increase the efficiency of motorized screw jack by varying helix angle by
which energy drawn by motor can be decrease.

The motorized screw jack has been developed to cater to the needs of small and medium
automobile garages, which are normally man powered with minimum skilled labor. In most of
the garages the vehicles are lifted by using screw jack. This needs high man power and skilled
labour. In order to avoid all such disadvantages, the motorized jack has been designed in such a
way that it can be used to lift the vehicle very smoothly without any impact force.

The operation is made simple so that even unskilled labour can use it with ease.The d.c motor is
coupled with the screw jack by gear arrangement. The screw jack shafts rotation depends upon
the rotation of D.C motor. This is a simple type of automation project. The operation remains to
be an essential part of the system although with changing demands on physical input, the degree
of mechanization is increased.

The components of the jack are:

1. Support base.

2. Jack body mounted on support base

3. Housing mounted on jack body, having a flange formed at a middle portion.

4. Servo motor having a driving gear mounted to a lower end .The servo motor is contained
in the housing.

5. Lifting ram vertically mounted on the support base.

6. Driven jaws of the scissor plate.

 Fig 1.1.2: Scisso jack

1.2 APPLICATIONS:

The jack can be operated remotely

Can be used by physically handicap persons to lift car or other things

Can be used in workshop or by personal use

1.3 ADVANTAGES:

No need of human effort

Jack can controlled both remotely as well as manually

Heavy things can lift easily

1.4 DISADVANTAGES:

Power is needed
 CHAPTER 2

2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig 2.1.1: Motorized screw jack

2.2 Need for Automation

Automation can be achieved through computers, hydraulics, pneumatics, robotics, etc.

Automation plays an important role in mass production. For mass production of the product, the
machining operations decide the sequence of machining. Fabrication of a motorized screw jack is
easy especially when the parts are available in the market. This mechanical engineering project
can be easily completed by integrating an electric motor with a screw jack.

A screw jack or a Jackscrew is operated by turning a lead screw. The height of the jack is
adjusted by turning the lead screw. This can be done either manually or by integrating an electric
motor with it. This integration is our project.

The difficult part in the project may be finding a low speed motor that is able to work at 12V.
This is because the battery output of an automobile is 12V, and the electricity needed for the
operation of the screw jack is taken from this battery. Another problem will be regarding speed
reduction. 12V motors usually operate at higher speeds, likely at 4000 or 5300 rpm. So reducing
this high rpm to the required lower rpms for the operation of screw jack without bulky
accessories or power loss can be challenging.
Screw Jack: It is a jack which is operated by turning a lead screw. In the form of a screw jack it
is commonly used to lift heavy weights such as the foundations of houses, or large vehicles. A
screw jack consists of a strong screw shaft which extends vertically from a heavy supporting
base, and is turned with a bar or lever. On the upper end of the screw is a bearing surface which
supports the load. When the screw is rotated it extends, lifting the load.

Gear Mechanism: The Gear mechanism plays a vital role in transmitting the power/torque from
Motor to the Screw Jack to perform this The Pinion and Gear have different number of teeth
giving a gear ratio of 1.5 and reducing the speed of the motor in the same ratio.

Motor: The motor required in this project is not easy to find as it should have the capability to
run from a car battery producing 12V and at the same time producing huge Amount of Torque so
as to lift the vehicle with low r.p.m. of 80-100. Also the motor should be bipolar as it should be
capable to lift as well as to put down the vehicle when the whole work is performed .

In Brief: When the worm shaft is rotated the lead screw rotates in the body of the screw jack at
the same rate as the worm gear. The nut on the lead screw moves in a linear direction along the
screw when fixed to a structure that prevents it from rotating with the screw. This design is also
available with a "Safety Nut".

In Detail: When a screw jack unit is operated, the rotation of the worm shaft causes the worm
gear to rotate. For rotating screw jacks the lead screw is fixed to the worm gear and they rotate at
the same speed. As the worm gear turns, the friction forces on the screw thread act to turn the nut
also. The greater the load on the screw jack unit, the greater the tendency of the nut to turn. It is
obvious that if the nut turns with the screw, it will not raise the load.

Therefore the nut needs to be fixed to a structure to prevent rotation. The restraining torque
required for the structure, also known as the "lead screw key torque" The input power to the
screw jacks should not exceed the power rating shown in the specifications table. Maximum
input speed in rpm (revolutions per minute) to a screw jacks worm shaft should not exceed 1800
rpm for E-Series and M-Series screw jacks; however the high performance S-Series screw jacks
can operate at up to 3000 rpm. Power Jacks cannot accept responsibility for the overheating and
rapid wear that may occur should these limits be exceeded. Power increases in direct proportion
to the speed, and the motor size will be out of proportion to the screw jack model design rating
should the speed become excessively high.

When selecting the maximum permissible speed for a screw jack arrangement, always check to
see that the power rating of the screw jack model is not exceeded.

The machines designed for producing a particular product are called transfer machines. The
components must be moved automatically from the bins to various machines sequentially and the
final component can be placed separately for packaging. Materials can also be repeatedly
transferred from the moving conveyors to the work place and vice versa.
Nowadays, almost all the manufacturing processes are being atomized in order to deliver the
products at a faster rate. The manufacturing The invention relates to a screw jack with a screw
shaft and several ball bearing units that surround the screw eccentrically and form a nut
structure, the ball bearing units engaging unilaterally into the thread and rolling in the thread and
forming one part with or being joined to an inner track ring of one ball bearing unit, the outer
rings of the ball bearings of the individual ball bearing units being joined with each other.

The screw jack already known has two ball bearing units in the nut structure which engage with
radial pre-load from opposite sides into the thread. Since the ball bearing units are necessarily
arranged sideways at a distance from each other, the radial pre-load causes a tilting moment
effecting the nut structure, which is balanced by a neck bearing that also engages in the thread.
This is a disadvantage with regard to the efficiency, the smoothness of running, the long life and
the idling moment, particularly if the length o f the screw shaft is big

compared to the diameter of the screw. A rather .high stress is often also caused by an
improper adjustment of the ball bearing units.Such wrong adjustments ·are mostly only
recognized by bad running and an increased wear of the neck bearings.

Operation is being atomized for the following reasons:

To achieve mass production

To reduce man power

To increase the efficiency of the plant

To reduce the work load

To reduce the production cost

To reduce the production time

To reduce the material handling

To reduce the fatigue of workers

 Fig 2.1.2: Automation Jack

2.3 The Armature

The armature takes the place of the nail in an electric motor. The armature is an electromagnet
made by coiling thin wire around two or more poles of a metal core. The armature has an axle,
and the commutator is attached to the axle. In the diagram above you can see three different
views of the same armature: front, side and end-on. In the end-on view the winding is eliminated
to make the commutator more obvious. The commutator is simply a pair of plates attached to the
axle. These plates provide the two connections for the coil of the Electromagnet.

2.4 The Commutator and brushes

The "flipping the electric field" part of an electric motor is accomplished by two parts: the
commutator and the brushes. The diagram at the right shows how the commutator and brushes
work together to let current flow to the electromagnet, and also to flip the direction that the
electrons are flowing at just the right moment. The contacts of the commutator are attached to
the axle of the electromagnet, so they spin with the magnet. The brushes are just two pieces of
springy metal or carbon that make contact with the contacts of the commutator.

CHAPTER 3
3.1 Working Principle
The lead-acid battery is used to drive the d.c motor. The d.c motor shaft is connected to the spur
gear. If power is given to the D.c motor, it will run so that the spur gear also runs to slow down
the speed of the D.C motor. The screw jack moves the screw upward, so that the vehicle lifts
from ground. The vehicle is lifted by using the lifting platform at the top of the Screw jack. The
motor draws power supply from the battery. The lifting and uplifting is done by changing the
battery supply to the motor.

Power screws are used to convert rotary motion into translatory motion. A screw jack is an
example of a power screw in which a small force applied in a horizontal plane is used to raise or
lower a large load. The principle on which it works is similar to that of an inclined plane. The
mechanical advantage of a screw jack is the ratio of the load applied to the effort applied. The
screw jack is operated by turning a lead screw. The effort required to rotate the screw can be
eliminated by using a 12V DC motor to rotated screw of jack; which facilitate in easy
replacement of tyre. Advantage of this system is that it draws the energy from the battery of
vehicle. For torque multiplication; generated by motor two spur gear are used. A small gear is
mounted on motor shaft and a large spur gear on power screw of jack. Also we are looking for to
increase the efficiency of motorized screw jack by varying helix angle by which energy drawn
by motor can be decrease.

The motorized screw jack has been developed to cater to the needs of small and medium
automobile garages, which are normally man powered with minimum skilled labor. In most of
the garages the vehicles are lifted by using screw jack. This needs high man power and skilled
labour. In order to avoid all such disadvantages, the motorized jack has been designed in such a
way that it can be used to lift the vehicle very smoothly without any impact force.

The operation is made simple so that even unskilled labour can use it with ease.The d.c motor 18
is coupled with the screw jack by gear arrangement. The screw jack shaftsrotation depends upon
the rotation of D.C motor. This is a simple type of automation project. The operation remains to
be an essential part of the system although with changing demands on physical input, the degree
of mechanization is increased.

Fabrication of a motorized screw jack is easy especially when the parts are available in the
market. This mechanical engineering project can be easily completed by integrating an electric
motor with a screw jack. A screw jack or a Jackscrew is operated by turning a lead screw. The
height of the jack is adjusted by turning the lead screw. This can be done either manually or by
integrating an electric motor with it. This integration is our project. The difficult part in the
project may be finding a low speed motor that is able to work at 12V. This is because the battery
output of an automobile is 12V, and the electricity needed for the operation of the screw jack is
taken from this battery. Another problem will be regarding speed reduction. 12V motors usually
operate at higher speeds, likely at 4000 or 5300 rpm. So reducing this high rpm to the required
lower rpms for the operation of screw jack without bulky accessories or power loss can be
challenging.
3.2 THEORETICAL CONSIDERATION

It is a jack which is operated by turning a lead screw. In the form of a screw jack it is

commonly used to lift heavy weights such as the foundations of houses, or large vehicles. A
screw jack consists of a strong screw shaft which extends vertically from a heavy supporting
base, and is turned with a bar or lever. On the upper end of the screw is a bearing surface which
supports the load. When the screw is rotated it extends, lifting the load.

The Gear mechanism plays a vital role in transmitting the power/torque from Motor to the 19
Screw Jack to perform this The Pinion and Gear have different number of teeth giving a gear
ratio of 1.5 and reducing the speed of the motor in the same ratio.

The motor required in this project is not easy to find as it should have the capability to run from a
car battery producing 12V and at the same time producing huge

Amount of Torque so as to lift the vehicle with low r.p.m. of 80-100. Also the motor should be
bipolar as it should be capable to lift as well as to put down the vehicle when the whole work is
performed.

3.3 CONSTRUCTION:

In Brief: When the worm shaft is rotated the lead screw rotates in the body of the screw jack at
the same rate as the worm gear. The nut on the lead screw moves in a linear direction along the
screw when fixed to a structure that prevents it from rotating with the screw. This design is also
available with a "Safety Nut".

In Detail: When a screw jack unit is operated, the rotation of the worm shaft causes the

worm gear to rotate. For rotating screw jacks the lead screw is fixed to the worm gear and they
rotate at the same speed. As the worm gear turns, the friction forces on the screw thread act to
turn the nut also. The greater the load on the screw jack unit, the greater the tendency of the nut
to turn. It is obvious that if the nut turns with the screw, it will not raise the load.

Therefore the nut needs to be fixed to a structure to prevent rotation. The restraining torque
required for the structure, also known as the "lead screw key torque"

The input power to the screw jacks should not exceed the power rating shown in the
specifications table. Maximum input speed in rpm (revolutions per minute) to a screw jacks
worm shaft should not exceed 1800 rpm for E-Series and M-Series screw jacks; however the
high performance S-Series screw jacks can operate at up to 3000 rpm. Power Jacks cannot 20
accept responsibility for the overheating and rapid wear that may occur should these limits be
exceeded. Power increases in direct proportion to the speed, and the motor size will be out of
proportion to the screw jack model design rating should the speed become excessively high.
When selecting the maximum permissible speed for a screw jack arrangement, always check to
see that the power rating of the screw jack model is not exceeded. Power screws are used to
convert rotary motion into translatory motion. A screw jack is an example of a power screw in
which a small force applied in a horizontal plane is used to

raise or lower a large load. The principle on which it works is similar to that of an inclined plane.
The mechanical advantage of a screw jack is the ratio of the load applied to the effort applied.
The screw jack is operated by turning a lead screw. The effort required to rotate the screw can be
eliminated by using a 12V DC motor to rotated screw of jack; which facilitate in easy
replacement of tyre. Advantage of this system is that it draws the energy from the battery of
vehicle. For torque multiplication; generated by motor two spur gear are used. A small gear is
mounted on motor shaft and a large spur gear on power screw of jack. Also we are looking for to
increase the efficiency of motorized screw jack by varying helix angle by which energy drawn
by motor can be decrease.

The motorized screw jack has been developed to cater to the needs of small and medium
automobile garages, which are normally man powered with minimum skilled labor. In most of
the garages the vehicles are lifted by using screw jack. This needs high man power and skilled
labour. In order to avoid all such disadvantages, the motorized jack has been designed in such a
way that it can be used to lift the vehicle very smoothly without any impact force.

The operation is made simple so that even unskilled labour can use it with ease.The d.c motor is
coupled with the screw jack by gear arrangement. The screw jack shafts rotation depends upon
the rotation of D.C motor. This is a simple type of automation project. The operation remains to
be an essential part of the system although with changing demands on physical input, the degree
of mechanization is increased.

The efforts being put to produce any kind of work has been continuously decreasing. The efforts
required in achieving the desired output can be effectively and economically be decreased by the
implementation of better designs. Power screws are used to convert rotary motion into
translatory motion. A screw jack is an example of a power screw in which a small force applied
in a horizontal plane is used to raise or lower a large load. The principle on which it works is
similar to that of an inclined plane. The mechanical advantage of a screw jack is the ratio of the
load applied to the effort applied. The screw jack is operated by turning a lead screw. The height
of the jack is adjusted by turning a lead screw and this adjustment can be done either manually or
by integrating an electric motor. This research paper analyzes the modification of the existing
motor screw jack by incorporating an electric motor in the screw in order to make load lifting
easier. In this modified design, the power screw is rotated by connecting motor through universal
coupling, plugged to the automobile 12 V battery source to generate power for the prime mover
(motor), which transmits its rotating speed to the power screw to be rotated with required speed
reduction and increased torque to drive the power screw. The significance and purpose of this
work is to modify the existing car jack in order to make the operation easier, safer and more
reliable in order to reduce health risks especially back ache problems associated with doing work
in a bent or squatting position for a long period of time. The modified car jack is easy to use by
women or whoever had problem with the vehicle tyres along the road. The designed motorised
jack will also save time and requires less human energy to operate.

A screw jack is a portable device consisting of a screw mechanism used to raise or lower the
load. The principle on which the screw jack works is similar to that of an inclined plane.

There are mainly two types of jacks-hydraulic and mechanical. A hydraulic jack consists of a
cylinder and piston mechanism. The movement of the piston rod is used to raise or lower the
load. Mechanical jacks can be either hand operated or power driven.

Jacks are used frequently in raising cars so that a tire can be changed. A screw jack is commonly
used with cars but is also used in many other ways, including industrial machinery and even
aeroplanes. They can be short, tall, fat, or thin depending on the amount of pressure they will be
under and the space that they need to fit into. The jack is made out of various types of metal, but
the screw itself is generally made out of lead. While screw jacks are designed purposely for
raising and lowering loads, they are not ideal for side loads, although some can withstand side
loads depending on the diameter and size of the lifting screw. Shock loads should also be
avoided or minimized. Some screw jacks are built with anti-backlash. The anti-backlash device
moderates the axial backlash in the lifting screw and nut assembly to a regulated minimum. A
large amount of heat is generated in the screw jack and long lifts can cause serious overheating.
To retain the efficiency of the screw jack, it must be used under ambient temperatures, otherwise
lubricants must be applied. There are oil lubricants intended to enhance the equipment’s
capabilities. Apart from proper maintenance, to optimize the capability and usefulness of a screw
jack it is imperative to employ it according to its design and manufacturer’s instruction. Ensure
that you follow the speed, load capacity, temperature recommendation and other relevant factors
for application.

Types of Screw Jack

Jacks are of mainly two types- mechanical and hydraulic. They vary in size depending on the
load that they are used to lift.

(a) Mechanical Jacks: A mechanical jack is a device which lifts heavy equipment. The most
common form is a car jack, floor jack or garage jack which lifts vehicles so that maintenance can
be performed. Car jacks usually use mechanical advantage to allow a human to lift a vehicle by
manual force alone. More powerful jacks use hydraulic power to provide more lift over greater
distances. Mechanical jacks are usually rated for maximum lifting capacity.

(b) Hydraulic Jacks: Hydraulic jacks are typically used for shop work, rather than as an
emergency jack to be carried with the vehicle. Use of jacks not designed for a specific vehicle
requires more than the usual care in selecting ground conditions, the jacking point on the vehicle,
and to ensure stability when the jack is extended. Hydraulic jacks are often used to lift elevators
in low and medium rise buildings. A hydraulic jack uses a fluid, which is incompressible, that is
forced into a cylinder by a pump plunger. Oil is used since it is self lubricating and stable.

(c) When the plunger pulls back, it draws oil out of the reservoir through a suction check valve
into the pump chamber. When the plunger moves forward, it pushes the oil through a discharge check
valve into the cylinder. The suction valve ball is within the chamber and opens with each draw of the
plunger. The discharge valve ball is outside the chamber and opens when the oil is pushed into the
cylinder. At this point the suction ball within the chamber is forced shut and oil pressure builds in the
cylinder. Operational Considerations of a screw jack Maintain low surface contact pressure: Increasing
the screw size and nut size will reduce thread contact pressure for the same working load. The higher the
unit pressure and the higher the surface speed, the more rapid the wear will be. Maintain low surface
speed: Increasing the screw head will reduce the surface speed forthe same linear speed. Keep the mating
surfaces well lubricated: The better the lubrication, the longer is the service life. Grease fittings or other
lubrication means must be provided for the power screw and nut. Keep the mating surfaces clean: Dirt
can easily embed itself in the soft nut material. It will act as a file and abrade the mating screw surface.

The soft nut material backs away during contact leaving the hard dirt particles to scrap away the mating
screw material. Keep heat away: When the mating surfaces heat up, they become much softer and are
more easily worn away. Means to remove the heat such as limited duty cycles or heat sinks must be
provided so that rapid wear of over-heated materials can be avoided. 2. Literature Review Screw type
mechanical jacks were very common for jeeps and trucks of World War II vintage. For example, the
World War II jeeps (Willys MB and Ford GPW) were issued the "Jack, Automobile, 5Screw type,
Capacity 1 1/2 ton", Ordnance part number 41-J-66. This jacks, and similar jacks for trucks, were
activated by using the lug wrench as a handle for the jack's ratchet action to of the jack.

The 41-J-66 jack was carried in the jeep's tool compartment.

Screw type jack's continued in use for small capacity requirements due to low cost of production raise or
lower it. A control tab is marked up/down and its position determines the direction of movement and
almost no maintenance. The virtues of using a screw as a machine, essentially an inclined plane wound
round a cylinder, was first demonstrated by Archimedes in 200BC with his device used for pumping
water. International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Applied Science (IJSEAS) ‐ Volume‐1, Issue‐3,
June 2015 ISSN: 2395‐3470 There is evidence of the use of screws in the Ancient Roman world but it
was the great Leonardo da Vinci, in the late 1400s, who first demonstrated the use of a screw jack for
lifting loads. Leonardo‟s design used a threaded worm gear, supported on bearings, that rotated by the
turning of a worm shaft to drive a lifting screw to move the load - instantly recognizable as the principle
we use today.
 We can’t be sure of the intended application of his invention, but it seems to have been relegated to the
history books, along with the helicopter and tank, for almost four centuries. It is not until the late 1800s
that we have evidence of the product being developed further. With the industrial revolution of the late
18th and 19th centuries came the first use of screws in machine tools, via English inventors such as John
Wilkinson and Henry Maudsley The most notable inventor in mechanical engineering from the early
1800s was undoubtedly the mechanical genius Joseph Whitworth, who recognised the need for precision
had become as important in industry as the provision of power. While he would eventually have over 50
British patents with titles ranging from knitting machines to rifles, it was Whitworth’s work on screw
cutting machines, accurate measuring instruments and standards covering the angle and pitch of screw
threads that would most influence our industry today. Whitworth’s tools had become internationally
famous for their precision and quality and dominated the market from the 1850s. Inspired young
engineers began to put Whitworth’s machine tools to new uses. During the early 1880s in Coaticook, a
small town near Quebec, a 24- year-old inventor named Frank Henry 25 Sleeper designed a lifting jack.
Like da Vinci’s jack, it was a technological innovation because it was based on the principle of the ball
bearing for supporting a load and transferred rotary motion, through gearing and a screw, into linear
motion for moving the load. The device was efficient, reliable and easy to operate. It was used in the
construction of bridges, but mostly by the railroad industry, where it was able to lift locomotives and
railway cars. Local Coaticook industrialist, Arthur Osmore Norton, spotted the potential for Sleeper’s
design and in 1886 hired the young man and purchased the patent. The Norton‟ jack was born. Over the
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Applied Science (IJSEAS) ‐ Volume‐1, Issue‐3, June
2015 ISSN: 2395‐3470 coming years the famous “Norton” jacks were manufactured at plants in Boston,
Coaticook and Moline, Illinois. Meanwhile, in Alleghany County near Pittsburgh in 1883, an enterprising
Mississippi river boat captain named Josiah Barrett had an idea for a ratchet jack that would pull barges
together to form a „tow‟.

The idea was based on the familiar lever and fulcrum principle and he needed someone to manufacture it.
That person was Samuel Duff, proprietor of a local machine shop, together, they created the Duff
Manufacturing Company, which by 1890 had developed new applications for the original “Barrett Jack”
and extended the product line to seven models in varying capacities. Over the next 30 years the Duff
Manufacturing Company became the largest manufacturer of lifting jacks in the world, developing many
new types of jack for various applications including its own version of the ball bearing screw jack. It was
only natural that in 1928, The Duff Manufacturing Company Inc. merged with A.O. Norton to create the
Duff-Norton Manufacturing Company.

Both companies had offered manually operated screw jacks but the first new product manufactured under
the joint venture was the air motor-operated power jack that appeared in 1929. With the aid of the
relatively new portable compressor technology, users now could move and position loads without manual
effort. The jack, used predominantly in the railway industry, incorporated an air motor manufactured by
The Chicago Pneumatic Tool Company. There was clearly potential for using this technology for other
applications and only 10 years later, in 1940, the first worm gear screw jack, that is instantly recognizable
today, was offered by Duff-Norton, for adjusting the heights of truck loading platforms and mill tables.
With the ability to be used individually or linked mechanically and driven by either air or electric motors
or even manually, the first model had a lifting capacity of 10 tons with raises of 2” or 4”. Since then the
product has evolved to push, pull, lift, lower and position loads of anything from a few kilos to hundreds
of tonnes. One of the biggest single screw jacks made to date is a special Power Jacks E-Series unit that is
rated for 350 tonnes –even in earthquake conditions for the nuclear industry More recent developments
have concentrated on improved efficiency and durability, resulting in changes in both lead screw
and gearbox design options for screw jacks.

A screw jack that has a built-in motor is now referred to as a linear actuator but is essentially
still a screw jack. Today, screw jacks can be linked mechanically or electronically and with the
advances in motion-control, loads can be positioned to within microns. Improvements in gear
technology together with the addition of precision ball screws and roller screws mean the
applications for screw jacks today are endless and a real alternative to hydraulics in terms of duty
cycles and speed at a time when industry demands cleaner, quieter and more reliable solutions.

Screws Application is used in the elevation of vehicles or objects. The operation of the screw
jack is such that it comprises a handle for driving a bolt element (Lead Screw) manually so as to
adjust the height of the Jack to elevate a vehicle or the object. The operation of the jack manually
makes it difficult for most women and the elderly to operate since much effort is needed to drive
the screw jack which results in low linear speed and time consuming. These presently available
jacks further require the operator to remain in prolonged bent or squatting position to operate the
jack.

Doing work in a bent or squatting position for a period of time is not ergonomic to human body.
It will give back ache problem in due of time. Suppose car jacks must be easy to use by 27
women or whoever had problem with the tyres along the road. The objective of this paper is
therefore to modify the existing design of car jack by incorporating an electric motor into the
existing screw jack to make the operation easier, safer faster and more reliable.

3. Motorized Screw Jack Our survey in the regard in several automobile garages, revealed the
facts that mostly some difficult methods were adopted in lifting the vehicles for reconditioning.
Now the research paper has mainly concentrated on this difficulty, and hence a suitable device
has been designed, such that the vehicle can be lifted from the floor land without application of
any impact force. The fabrication part of it has been considered with almost case for its
simplicity and economy, such that this can be accommodated as one of the essential tools on
automobile garages

The motorized screw jack has been developed to cater to the needs of small and medium
automobile garages, which are normally man powered with minimum skilled labor. In most of
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Applied Science (IJSEAS) ‐ Volume‐1, Issue‐
3, June 2015 ISSN: 2395‐3470 the garages the vehicles are lifted by using screw jack.

This needs high man power and skilled labour. In order to avoid all such disadvantages, the
motorized jack has been designed in such a way that it can be used to lift the vehicle very
smoothly without any impact force. The operation is made simple so that even unskilled labour
can use it with ease.
 The D.C. motor is coupled with the screw jack by gear arrangement. The screw jack shaft’s
rotation depends upon the rotation of D.C motor. This is a simple type of automation project.

This is an era of automation where it is broadly defined as replacement of manual effort by

mechanical power in all degrees of automation. The operation remains to be an essential part of
the system although with changing demands on physical input, the degree of 2829 mechanization
is increased.

4. Parts of Motorized Screw Jack The main parts of the motorized screw jack are as follows:

(i) D.C. motor: An electric motor is a machine which converts electrical energy to mechanical
energy. Its action is based on the principle that when a current-carrying conductor is placed in a
magnetic field, it experiences a magnetic force whose direction is given by Fleming’s left hand
rule. Fleming’s Left Hand Rule Keep the force finger, middle finger and thumb of the left hand
mutually perpendicular to one another.

If the fore finger indicates the direction of magnetic field and middle finger indicates the
direction of current in the conductor, then the thumb indicates the direction of the motion of
conductor. When a motor is in operation, it develops torque. This torque can produce mechanical
rotation. DC motors are also like generators classified into shunt wound or series wound or
compound wound motors. Principle of Operation of Dc Motor A simplified model of such a
motor is shown in figure. The conductors are wound over a soft iron core. DC supply is given to
the field poles for producing flux.

The conductors are connected to the DC supply through brushes International Journal of
Scientific Engineering and Applied Science (IJSEAS) ‐ Volume‐1, Issue‐3, June 2015 ISSN:
2395‐3470 www.ijseas.com 315 A simple 2-pole DC electric motor has 6 parts, as shown in the
diagram below. An armature or rotor A commutator Brushes An axle A field magnet A DC
power supply of some sort An electric motor is all about magnets and magnetism: a motor uses
magnets to create motion. Opposites attract and likes repel. So if there are 2 bar magnets with
their ends marked north and south, then the North end of one magnet will attract the South end of
the other. On the other hand, the North end of one magnet will repel the North end of the other
(and similarly south will repel south). Inside an electric motor these attracting and repelling
forces create rotational motion. In the diagram above, you can see two magnets in the motor, the
armature (or rotor) is an electromagnet, while the field magnet is a permanent magnet (the field
magnet could be an electromagnet as well, but in most small motors it is not to save power).

(ii) Universal Joint: A universal joint is a positive, mechanical connection between rotating
shafts, which are usually not parallel, but intersecting. They are used to transmit motion, power,
or both. The simplest and most common type is called the Cardan joint or Hooke joint. It is
shown in Figure. It consists of two yokes, one on each shaft, connected by a crossshaped
intermediate member called the spider. The angle between the two shafts is called the operating
angle. It is generally, but not necessarily, constant during operation. Good design practice calls
for low operating angles, often less than 25°, depending on the application. Independent of this
guideline ne, mechanical interference in the construction of Cardan joints limits the operating
angle to a maximum (often about 37½°), depending on its proportions.

Typical applications of universal joints include aircraft, appliances, control mechanisms,

International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Applied Science (IJSEAS) ‐ Volume‐1, Issue‐
3, June 2015 ISSN: 2395‐3470 electronics, Instrumentation, medical and optical devices,
ordnance, radio, sewing machines, textile machinery and tool drives. Universal joints are
available in steel or in thermoplastic body members. Universal joints made of steel have
maximum load-carrying capacity for a given size. Universal joints with thermoplastic body
members are used in light industrial applications in which their self-lubricating feature, light
weight, negligible backlash, corrosion resistance and capability for high-speed operation are
significant advantages.

(iii) Remote control: A remote control is a component of an electronics device, most commonly
a television set, DVD player and home theater systems originally used for operating the device
wirelessly from a short line-of-sight distance. Remote control has continually evolved and
advanced over recent years to include Bluetooth connectivity, motion sensor enabled capabilities
and voice control.

Process involved Fabrication and assembly of remote control lifting Jack is as follows:

(a) Making of coupling: We have cut the blank of mild steel rod having diameter 60 mm and
length 70mm by using power hacksaw machine from the given rod. Turning operation of MS rod
has done on lathe machine which reduces the diameter up to 50 mm. Machining operation has
done on CNC milling machine for making slot. Drilling operation has done on drilling machine
for making hole of 10mm diameter for fixing bolt and nut. Surface finishing operation has done
by grinding machine and filing.

(b) Supporting component: Supporting component has used for fixing the D.C. motor. It has cut
from the channel by using power hacksaw machine in required size. Drilling operation has done
on drilling machine for fixing bolt. Finishing operation has done on bench vice using file

(c) Base plate: Base plate is made from mild steel plate. It has used for fixing all components
of motorized lifting jack. Base plate has cut from mild steel plate of bigger size in to required
size of 120mmx100mm. by using gas cutter machine. Surface finishing operation has done by
using grinding machine. There are 4 holes made in the base plate by using drill bit of 10mm
diameter on drilling machine.

(d) D.C. Motor: A DC Motor of 12 Volt with a Current of 14 Amps is to produce the movement
of the machine. The motor is internal geared one. So it is strong enough to give the required
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Applied Science (IJSEAS) ‐ Volume‐1, Issue‐
3, June 2015 ISSN: 2395‐3470 torque. It can give two different speeds in one direction and two
different speeds in the opposite direction.

(e) Final finishing work: First power screw jack of 2 ton capacity has fixed on the base plate
using bolt and nut. Power screw jack has connected to one end of first coupling by using nut bolt.
First coupling has connected to one end of universal joint with the help of bolt and nut.

The other end of universal joint connected to second coupling with the help of bolt and nut.

Finally DC motor is connected to other end of second coupling with the help of nut and bolt. DC
motor has connected to main supply through DC power supply.

(f) Testing: After assembly of all components on base plate, the remote controller circuit was
made and tested to lift the car. But the battery capacity is not enough to run the motor. So it has
removed. Test was conducted by using main power supply instead of battery.

Screw Jacks are the ideal product to push, pull, lift, lower and position loads of anything from a
couple of kilograms to hundreds of tonnes. The need has long existed for an improved portable
jack for automotive vehicles. It is highly desirable that a jack become available that can be
operated alternatively from inside the vehicle or from a location of safety off the road on which
the vehicle is located. Such a jack should desirably be light enough and be compact enough so
that it can be stored in an automobile trunk, can be lifted up and carried by most adults to its
position of use, and yet be capable of lifting a wheel of a 4-5 ton vehicle off the ground. Further,
it should be stable and easily controllable by a switch so that jacking can be done from a position
of safety. It should be easily movable either to a position underneath the axle of the vehicle or
some other reinforced support surface designed to be engaged by a jack.

Thus, the product has been developed considering all the above requirements. This particular
design of the motorized screw jack will prove to be beneficial in lifting and lowering of loads.

3.4 Advantages

1. The loaded light vehicles can be easily lifted.

2. Checking and cleaning are easy, because the main parts are screwed.

3. Handling is easy

4. No Manual power required.

5. Easy to Repair.

6. Replacement of parts is easy

3.5 Disadvantages

 Cost of the equipment is high when compared to ordinary hand jack.

 Care must be taken for the handling the equipment such as proper wiring connection,

battery charging check-up, etc.

3.6 Applications

1. It is useful in auto-garages.

2. This motorized screw jack is used for lifting the vehicles. Thus it can be useful for the

following types of vehicles in future Maruthi, Ambassador, Fiat, Mahindra

CHAPTER 4
FABRICATION OF THE MOTORIZED SCREW JACK

(Motorised scissor screw jack)

4.1 PROPOSED DESIGN – MODEL OF MOTORIZED SCREW JACK

 Fig 4.1 proposed design-model of motorized screw jack

4.2 PROPOSED DESIGN – POWER SUPPLY UNIT FOR

MOTOR

Fig 4.2 proposed design-power

supply unit for motor
4.3 PROPOSED DESIGN–MOTOR MOUNTING FOr SCREW LEAD IN JACK

Fig 4.3 proposed design-motor mounting for screw lead

in jack
4.4 PROPOSED DESIGN – MOTOR MOUNTED FINAL

PRODUCT WORKING ON MOTOR AUTOMATICALLY

Fig 4.4 proposed design-motor mounted final product working

on motor automactically
4.5 HARDWARE USED IN PROJECT:
Fabricated Scissor Jack

Mounting Plate

Threaded Screw

Base Plate

Bearing

Coupling

Movable Joints

Steel Plates For Supporting

Welding Electrodes

Motor

Hardware’s To Fit

Power Supply

4.6 TOOLS USED IN PROJECT:

Welding Machine

Screw driver

Spanner

Soldering Rod

Soldering flux39

ESTIMATION OF THE PROJECT WORK

 CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION

Screw Jacks are the ideal product to push, pull, lift, lower and position loads of any thing from a
couple of kilograms to hundreds of tonnes. The need has long existed for an improved portable
jack for automotive vehicles. It is highly desirable that a jack become available that can be
operated alternatively from inside the vehicle or from a location of safety off the road on which
the vehicle is located. Such a jack should desirably be light enough and be compact enough so
that it can be stored in an automobile trunk, can be lifted up and carried by most adults to its
position of use, and yet be capable of lifting a wheel of a 4,000-5,000 pound vehicle off the
ground. Further, it should be stable and easily controllable by a switch so that jacking can be
done from a position of safety. It should be easily movable either to a position underneath the
axle of the vehicle or some other reinforced support surface designed to be engaged by a jack.
Thus, the product has been developed considering all the above requirements. This particular
design of the motorized screw jack will prove to be beneficial in lifting and lowering of loads.
REFERENCES

http://www.engineersedge.com

http://www.efunda.com

http://www.steeltubeinstitute.org

http://www.emjmetals.com

http://www.usstubular.com

A text book of Machine Design by R.S.Khurmi,J.K.Gupta.

Design of machine elements by V.B.Bhandari.

Design of machine elements by K.Rao.

Design of Machine Elements by Farazdak Haideri.

Machine Design by S.G.Kulkarni.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_(device).

http://hubpages.com/hub/Automobile-Jacks.
http://www.radicon.com/screw-jacks.php.

http://www.powerjacks.com/PowerJacks-History-The-Screw-Jack-Story.php

BOOKS REFERRED

1. Machine design by RS KHURMI

2. Work shop technology by RK JAIN