WBUHHS

IMPORTANT TOPICS FOR

PRACTICAL EXAMINATIONN

1st Prof MBBS

By R G Kar Medical College Students Unity

KEY FEATURES
KEY FEATURES
KEYATURE
All important topics
are there which u must go
through before ur
practical exams..
"A ship in aharbour is safe, but that is not
what ships are built for."

First year medicOs, its time to face the storm

head on. The upcoming university exams may
be tough, but you are tougher. Concentrate
your efforts towards your goal, and make full
use of the limited time.Remember -"A good
plan, violently executed now, is better than a
perfect plan executed next week."

RGKSU wishes you best of luck for your ist

Professional MBBS examination.
Physiology Practicals
1. Important Graphs
2. Instruments

S7 DENTS
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 SPOT 1. Identify the graph. Define stimulus? Which are types of stimuli

MB M D

12
2

Gradation of stimuli.
Stimulus: Any change in internal or external environment which produce a visible response is termed
stimulus.
Types: Electrical, Mechanical, Thermal, Chemical etc

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 SPOT 2. Identify the graph. What is the Latent Period ? Which are the
probable mechanism behind Latent Period?

PHYSIOLOGICAL CURVE

CP.
TRME TRAC

Simple muscle curve with time tracing below the curve

-LP: The first period of a simple muscle contraction, being the interval between the stimulus being
applied and the contraction occurring, usually around 0.01 seconds. Activate Windows
Mechanism behind LP: Duration of latent period depends on: 1. Conduction of impulse along the
nerve. 2. Neuro-muscular transmission. 3. Excitation contraction coupling

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 SPOT 3. Identify the graph. State the cause of Heat Rigor.
(He
Hot Sallne

Wormat

Cold Saline

Effect of temperature on skeletal muscle contraction

-Cause of hear rigor: High temperature (say, 45 to 50 degree Celsius & above) causes coagulation of
Settng

muscle proteins, the muscle shortens, and goes into an irreversible state.

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 SPOT 4. Identify the graph. Define Chronaxie.

Strength duration curve

- Chronaxie: When a nerve fiber or muscle fiber is stimulated with a current strength, deu

than rheobase, it will respond and time taken for response is described as chronaxie.

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 SPOT 5. Identify the graph. What is RMP?

+30

(3)

-55 -
Threshold

-70-

2
Time (msec)

Skeletal muscle action potential

RMP: Resting Membrane Potential (RMP) is the voltage (charge) difference acros
cell membrane when the cell is at rest.

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 SPOT 6. Identify the graph. Define Clonus.

- Genesis of tetanus
-clonus: With repeated maximal
stimulation if the frequency is such
that successive stimuli falls during the
'mid relaxation' phase of the previous
stimulus, the muscle relaxes but not
completely. Such response is known as
Clonus.

19 ttin to eigdgws

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 SPOT 7. Identify the graph. Which is the fastest conducting nerve fiber?

Determination of nerve conduction velocity.

Activa
-Aa is the fastest conducting nerve fiber. vate Windows
Goto Settingsto
toact
act Windows

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 SPOT 8. Identify the graph and write down causes of plateau phase.
+25

-25
-50
-75
4
-100 L

Cardiac muscle action potential

Cause of plateau phase: opening of "Slow" Cat" L type channels and ent of Ca and Na in
to the cardiac cell.

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 SPOT 9. ldentify the graph. Write down the site of fatiguein intact animal?

Ergogram
Site of fatigue in intact animal: Synapse in CNS Activate
Go te Seng
WindowS
f

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 SPOT 10. Identify the graph. What is "D" ?

A B D

-Genesis of tetanus
"D" -Tetanus Activate Windows
Gotote Settings to activate Windows

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 SPOT 11. Identify the graph. Define Rheobase.

Strength duration curve.

Rheobase: With minimum current, a long time is required to stimulate a nerve fiber or a
muscle fiber. This current strength which when applied for a long period of time to produce a
first response is termed as Rheobase current.

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 SPOT 12. Identify the graph. What is contracture remainder?

- Phenomenon of fatigue
- Contracture remainder: When fatigue sets in the muscle is unable to relax fully and remains
in a state of partial contraction which is called contracture remainder.

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 SPOT 13. Identify the graph. What is FRANK STARLINGS LAW?

30 gim

20 gm

10 gm

40 gm

L PS

Effect of load on skeletal muscle contraction (free loaded condition)

Frank starlings law: "Within physiological limits the force of contraction is directly
proportional to the initial length of muscle fiber"

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 SPOT 14. Identify the graph. What is Beneficial effect?

-Effect of 2 successive stimuli on

skeletal muscle contraction
- Beneficial effect: When second
stimulus is applied in contraction
phase or relaxation phase, the
tension resulting from second
stimulus is considerably greater than
the first stimulus. This phenomenon
is called Beneficial effect.

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1.TUNNING FORK
USE: FOR TIME TRACING

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2. SHERRINGTON STARLING'S
KYMOGRAPH

USE: TO RECORD MOVEMENT

ON A ROTATING SURFACE

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 2. SHERRINGTON
STARLING'S KYIOGRAPH

PROJECTING STRICKERS or 2a. PROJECTING

CONTACT ARMS STRICKERS or CONTACT
ARMS
USE:
1. TO MAKE AND BR
STIMULUS
2. TO GIVE 2 SUCCESSIVE
STIMULI

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3.STIMULATING ELECTRODES
USE: TO STIMULATE TISSUE

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4. ISOTONIC MUSCLE LEVER
USE: TO MAGNIFY AND RECORD MECHANICAL
MOVEMENTS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE

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5. STARLING'S HEART LEVER
USE:TO MAGNIFY AND RECORD MECHANICAL
MOVEMENTS OF CARDIAC MUSCLE

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6. ELECTROMAGNETIC TIME MARKER
USE: TO MARK POINT OF STIMULUS

MCO
AUDALA

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****

7. LUCAS MOIST CHAMBER WITH STAND

USE: TO SUBMERGE TISSUE IN RINGER'S
SOLUTION

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8. MYOGRAPH BOARD WITH STAND
|USE: TO KEEP TISSUE PREPARATIONS
(GASTROCNEMIUS MUsCLE & SCIATIC NERVE PREPARATIONS)

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9. SIMPLE MERCURY KEY or
PRIMARY KEY
USE: TO MAKE OR BREAK THE
CIRCUIT

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10. SHORT CIRCUITING KEY
USE: TO PREVENT ACCIDENTAL PASSAGE
OF CURRENT TO TISSUE

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|11. POHL's cOMMUTATOR
USE: TO DETERMINE VELOCITY
OF NERVE IMPULSE

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12. DU BOIS RAYMOND INDUCTION COIL
USE: TO CONVERT DIRECT CURRENT (DC) TO
ALTERNATIVE CURRENT (AC)

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 13. DU BOIS RAYMOND INDUCTION
COIL

9a. NEEF'S HAMMER

USE: GENESIS OF TETANUS
(FREQ: 40 STIMULI/SEC)

NEEF'S HAMMER

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14. VIBRATING REED
|USE: GENESIS OF TETANUS
(FREQ:5-30 STIMULI/SEC)

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15. ANEURYSM NEEDLE
USE:
1. TO SEPARATE SOFT TISSUE
2. TO PASS A LIGATURE AROUND TISSUE

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