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Era/Period Geographic Linguistic Dimension Ethnic Dimension

Dimension

Pre-Colonial Experiences of the Language used Inhabited by a range of

people during this pertains to daily life ethnic groups such as
period such as food and the absence of a Tagalogs, Visayans,
hunting, work at home, single dominant Bicolanos, and various
caring for children, language leads to a indigenous tribes
creatures, or objects of rich tapestry of oral performing important
nature served as the traditions. events such as rites and
common subject in ceremonies reflect
oral literature. religious observance
where people commonly
recite, sing, utter, or chant.

Spanish The Philippine Spanish was Spanish colonization

Period archipelago came introduced as the introduced Hispanic
under Spanish rule medium of culture resulting to a
and led to the communication and unique cultural identity
establishment of urban later shifted to Tagalog among Filipinos which is
centers, churches, and when a sense of known as “Mestizo”
trade routes that nationalism arose
reshaped the physical during the
environment. revolutionary period.

American The surrender of first The existence of Common theme in

Period Philippine president American literary literature is nationalism.
Emilio Aguinaldo in works and periodicals
1901 signified the end as well as the coming
of the military struggle of American teachers
for independence. encouraged many
aspiring Filipino writers
to use English and
Filipino language.

Japanese All forms of writings The use of English Common themes are
Period were censored during language was stopped nationalism, country, love
this time because in almost all and life in the barrios,
there was no freedom publications and only Resilience, and survival in
of speech and of the Tagalog and literary works and day-to-
press. Vernacular were day lives of Filipino
permitted. people.

Contemporar This period marked the English and Filipino This period explores
y urbanization, are the official themes of identity,
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technological languages used by the multiculturalism, and the

advancements, and writers and authors. challenges faced by
globalization. marginalized groups.

CARLOS BULOSAN
Carlos Sampayan Bulosan (c. 1911– September 11, 1956) was a Filipino
American author, poet, and activist. A chronicler of the Filipino
American experience during the 1930s - early 1950s, he is best
remembered for his semi-fictional, semi-autobiographical novel America
Is In the Heart (1946) — a staple in American Ethnic Studies and Asian
American Studies classes.
Bulosan is a central figure in Filipino American history. His words and image
appear in murals and exhibits throughout Seattle’s International District. Scholars, artists and activists
continue to look to him for inspiration. Yet many factors conspired to silence Bulosan and ensure his
words and deeds would never be known. It was because of the hard work of various progressive labor,
ethnic, cultural, and political communities — the same communities that inspired and sustained Bulosan
— that we remember him today. Bulosan is remembered as a progressive anti-colonial, pro-labor,
humanitarian voice by an array of communities including Asian/Pacific Islanders, organized labor,
academics and intellectuals, and a wide range of social justice; ethnic; and activist communities.

Jose Garcia Villa (1908–1997) was a Filipino poet, writer, and critic. He
used the pen name “Doveglion,” which was a combination of the words
“dove,” “eagle,” and “lion” and was what he believed was his true persona. His
notable works include The Anchored Angel, The Emperor’s New Sonnet,
and Footnote to Youth.

He is a Filipino poet, critic, short story writer and painter, is an important

person to recognize during Filipino American History Month.

Villa was born in 1907 in the Philippine Islands. His early path did not involve
poetry. Instead, he began a pre-medical course of study at the University of
the Philippines, eventually switching to pre-law. After some time, Villa
recognized that his true passion was in the creative arts, and his career as a writer began.
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Lualhati T. Bautista, a Filipina writer, novelist, liberal

activist, and political critic, died on February 12,
Sunday. This was confirmed by her first cousin Sonny
Ross Samonte and the Torres clan in a post. Bautista
was known for her novels Dekada '70; Bata, Bata,
Pa'no Ka Ginawa?; and ‘GAPÔ.

Peter Solis Nery

(born 6 January 1969) is an award-winning Filipino poet, fictionist,

and author. Writing in his native Hiligaynon language, he has won
such prestigious literary contests as the Carlos Palanca Memorial
Awards for Literature, the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP)
Literary Grant, and the All-Western Visayas Literary Contest of the
National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA). He was
inducted into the Palanca Awards Hall of Fame in 2012.

For 100 days in 2005, Peter endeavored to write the 100 Erotic
Sonnets in Hiligaynon. He called it Kakunyag [Thrill]. It was launched
in a concert, probably the biggest literary event of the 2006 National
Arts Month in Iloilo, and was serialized in the newspaper Hublas nga
Kamatuoran [The Naked Truth] starting March 2006.

Peter won another Palanca in 2006 for his Hiligaynon psycho-thriller short story Ang Kapid [The Twins].
The win provided him further encouragement to persevere in writing Hiligaynon.

In 2007, Peter won his second Palanca gold for his historical Hiligaynon short story Candido, about the
anting-anting [amulets] of the revolutionary Candido Iban. The following year, he won his third Palanca
gold for his full-length play in English, The Passion of Jovita Fuentes (published by New Day in 2009),
about the tragic love affair of the first Filipino international opera diva and first female National Artist in
Music. Peter also completed translation of his 100 erotic sonnets in Hiligaynon into English in 2008.

In 2011, Peter won his fourth Palanca gold for his Hiligaynon short story, Donato Bugtot, about a
despised twin brother who donated a kidney to his handsome but arrogant twin. He also posted two
second prizes at the Palanca that year for categories in English: poetry for children and full-length play.
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Continuing his winning streak, he won his fifth gold and was elevated to the Palanca Awards Hall of Fame
for his Punctuation, a collection of Poetry for Children in English, in 2012. In the same year, he also won
for his Hiligaynon screenplay Gugma sa Panahon sang Bakunawa at the FDCP First Sineng Pambansa
National Competition. The win awarded him money with which he made the film from his own script.
The film premiered at the Sineng Pambansa Film Festival in July 2012, and has been shown in festival
circuits in the Philippines, and abroad.

Peter won his sixth Palanca gold in 2013 for his Hiligaynon short story, Si Padre Olan kag ang Dios, about
a priest, his faith, church politics, and the problem of drought.

Edith L. Tiempo

She is a poet, fictionist, teacher and literary critic was one of the finest Filipino
writers in English whose works are characterized by a remarkable fusion of style
and substance, of craftsmanship and insight. She was born on April 22, 1919 in
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya. Her poems are intricate verbal transfigurations of
significant experiences as revealed, in two of her much-anthologized pieces,
“The Little Marmoset” and “Bonsai”. As fictionist, Tiempo was as morally
profound. Her language has been marked as “descriptive but unburdened by scrupulous detailing.” She
was an influential tradition in Philippine literature in English. Together with her late husband, Edilberto K.
Tiempo, she founded and directed the Silliman National Writers Workshop in Dumaguete City, which has
produced some of the country’s best writers.

Tiempo’s published works include the novel A Blade of Fern (1978), The Native Coast (1979), and The
Alien Corn (1992); the poetry collections, The Tracks of Babylon and Other Poems (1966), and The
Charmer’s Box and Other Poems (1993); and the short story collection Abide, Joshua, and Other
Stories (1964).

Amado Vera Hernandez, commonly known as Amado V. Hernandez was a

Filipino writer and labor leader who was known for his criticism of social
injustices in the Philippines and was later imprisoned for his involvement in
the communist movement. He was the central figure in a landmark legal case
that took thirteen years to settle.

His writings gained the attention of Tagalog literati and some of his stories
and poems were included in anthologies, such as Clodualdo del Mundo’s
Parolang Ginto and Alejandro Abadilla’s Talaang Bughaw.

In 1922, at the age of nineteen, Hernandez became a member of the literary society Aklatang Bayan
which included noted Tagalog writers Lope K. Santos and Jose Corazon de Jesus.
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DEFINITIONS:

Literature = It is a body of literary productions, either oral, written or visual, containing imaginative
language that realistically portrays thoughts, emotions, and experiences of the human condition.

POETRY = Is a literary work expressed in verse, measure, rhythm, sound, and imaginative language and
creates an emotional response to an, experience, feeling, or fact.

PROSE = Is a literary work that is spoken or written within the common flow of language in
sentences and paragraphs which give information, relate events, express ideas, or present
opinions.

NOVEL =A long narrative divided into chapters.

LEGENDS = These are fictitious narratives, usually about origins.

ESSAY = This expresses the viewpoint or opinion of the writer about a particular topic, event, or problem.

SONNET = This is a lyric poem of 14 lines.

PROVERBS/SALAWIKAIN = A literary piece to encourage positive behavior among younger people is

commonly uttered by elders based on their everyday experiences

Chick Lit = is a genre of literature that focuses on female protagonists. These stories are usually targeted
at younger women and are described as “popular fiction.”

= The term 'chick' is slang used to refer to 'young women' whereas the word 'lit' is the short
version of 'literature'. Chick-lit is a literary genre that consists of fiction that is typically written by female
authors, centered around female protagonists, and marketed toward young women. The genre typically
focuses on issues around modern womanhood, such as coming of age, female friendship circles, family
dramas, workplace struggles, issues of appearance and body image, and most often, romantic
entanglements with men.
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