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    This document discusses the regulation of metamorphosis in Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog). There are two main regulators: thyroid hormones and corticotropin releasing factors (CRF). Thyroid hormones act through receptors to stimulate growth, while CRF responds to environmental stressors. CRF triggers the release of thyrotropin and adrenocorticotrophic hormone, which stimulate the thyroid gland and adrenal glands respectively. Together these systems integrate environmental conditions and drive the climax of metamorphosis through thyroid hormone secretion.

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    Lecture9-Example_Vertebrate

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    This document discusses the regulation of metamorphosis in Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog). There are two main regulators: thyroid hormones and corticotropin releasing factors (CRF). Thyroid hormones act through receptors to stimulate growth, while CRF responds to environmental stressors. CRF triggers the release of thyrotropin and adrenocorticotrophic hormone, which stimulate the thyroid gland and adrenal glands respectively. Together these systems integrate environmental conditions and drive the climax of metamorphosis through thyroid hormone secretion.

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    6 views24 pages

    Lecture9-Example Vertebrate

    Uploaded by

    abigail.meissner
    This document discusses the regulation of metamorphosis in Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog). There are two main regulators: thyroid hormones and corticotropin releasing factors (CRF). Thyroid hormones act through receptors to stimulate growth, while CRF responds to environmental stressors. CRF triggers the release of thyrotropin and adrenocorticotrophic hormone, which stimulate the thyroid gland and adrenal glands respectively. Together these systems integrate environmental conditions and drive the climax of metamorphosis through thyroid hormone secretion.

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    of 24

    Lecture 9: Example vertebrate

    Juliano Morimoto
    juliano.morimoto@abdn.ac.uk

    BI2524: Comparative Physiology I


    Learning outcomes

    1 Learn the details of the major players involved in the


    regulation of Xenopus metamorphosis

    Gain an overview of the relationships between the


    2 major players and regulators of Xenopus
    development

    3 Recite the major circuits controlling vertebrate


    development and metamorphosis
    Our case study
    Xenopus laevis
    Our case study
    Xenopus laevis
    Two main actors: Thyroid hormones and receptors and the
    corticotropin releasing factors (CRF)

    Thyroid hormones
    CRF
    and receptors

    Growth Environmental
    stress
    The regulation in details
    The regulation in details
    The regulation in details

    Breathe!
    The regulation in details
    The regulation in details

    Corticosteroid
    releasing factor (CRF)
    The regulation in details

    Corticosteroid
    releasing factor (CRF)
    The regulation in details

    Corticosteroid
    releasing factor (CRF)

    Thyrotropin (TSH)
    The regulation in details

    Corticosteroid
    releasing factor (CRF)

    Thyrotropin (TSH) Adrenocorticotrophic


    hormone (ACTH)
    The regulation in details

    Corticosteroid
    releasing factor (CRF)

    Thyrotropin (TSH) Adrenocorticotrophic


    hormone (ACTH)
    The regulation in details

    Corticosteroid
    releasing factor (CRF)

    Thyrotropin (TSH) Adrenocorticotrophic


    hormone (ACTH)
    The regulation in details

    Corticosteroid
    releasing factor (CRF)

    Thyrotropin (TSH) Adrenocorticotrophic


    hormone (ACTH)
    The regulation in details

    Corticosteroid
    releasing factor (CRF)

    Thyrotropin (TSH) Adrenocorticotrophic


    hormone (ACTH)
    The regulation in details

    Corticosteroid
    releasing factor (CRF)

    Thyrotropin (TSH) Adrenocorticotrophic


    hormone (ACTH)
    The regulation in details
    Why are adrenal glands involved?
    Corticosteroid
    releasing factor (CRF)

    Thyrotropin (TSH) Adrenocorticotrophic


    hormone (ACTH)
    The regulation in details
    Why are adrenal glands involved?

    Thyroid hormones
    CRF
    and receptors

    Growth Environmental
    stress
    The regulation in details
    Why are adrenal glands involved?

    Thyroid hormones
    CRF
    and receptors

    Growth Environmental
    stress

    Metamorphosis responds to the environmental conditions of the


    tadpole, for example:
    • Pond quality and food
    • Density of tadpoles
    • Predators
    …
    The regulation in details

    Thyroid
    hormone
    (TH)

    Climax of
    metamorphosis
    The regulation in details

    Thyroid
    hormone
    (TH)

    Climax of
    metamorphosis
    Learning outcomes

    1 Learn the details of the major players involved in the


    regulation of Xenopus metamorphosis

    Gain an overview of the relationships between the


    2 major players and regulators of Xenopus
    development

    3 Recite the major circuits controlling vertebrate


    development and metamorphosis
    Next lecture…
    …Tutorial/Review: Ask questions (last session with me!)

    Extra resources available in MyAberdeen


    (not compulsory but recommended for in-depth knowledge)

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