Local and Global

Communication in
Multicultural Settings
Lesson 2
 Communication Styles in Various Multicultural
Contexts

Communication styles refers to the choices people make and the

strategies or tools they use in the process of communication. Each
person has unique style of communicationg, which may depend not
only on his/her linguistic ability but also on his/her cultural and social
context. A style may depend on the demands of the communicative
situation, as well as on the needs and requirements of the target
recipients of the information.

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The Communication Matrix
The model was developed by Dr. Eileen M. Russo showing four
different communication styles categorized further into two different
dimensions (level of assertiveness and level of expressiveness).

People who are categorized within the assertive communication level

tend to tell or instruct others what to do and sometimes even how to
do it, while the less assertive styles usually tend to be on the receiving
end,often asking for guidance, instructions or directions. On the other
hand, people who fall under the expressive level usually show their
feelings and emotions through facial expressions, tone of voice or
language use. The less expressive ones tend to either hide their
feelings or exert some effort for theses feelings not to show. Next
 BASIC COMMUNICATION STYLES

SPIRITED= high expressiveness + high assertiveness

CONSIDERATE- high expressiveness + low assertiveness

DIRECT= low expressiveness + high assertiveness

SYSTEMATIC= low expressiveness + low assertiveness

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VARIETIES AND REGISTERS OF SPOKEN AND WRITTEN LANGUAGES

LANGUAGE VARIETIES
These refer to the different variants of language that can be sufficiently delimited from one
another in terms of social, historical, or geographical factors, thus forming clusters. These are
also called 'lects'.. Language varieties maybe grouped as:

PIDGIN- it refers to a new language that develops into situations where speakers of
different languages need to communicate but do not share a common language.

Language samples:

go weis da teip. The tape will be wasted.

hi shut me da gan The gun will shoot me.
ai no da had wok mai pren I know what hard work is, my friend.
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LANGUAGE VARIETIES

CREOLE- it is a pidgin that becomes the first language of the children, or the mother tongue of a
certain community. Examples are the Gullah and Patwa, a creole in Jamaica.
Philippine Creole Spanish (Chabacano)

Philippine Creole Spanish, composed of the main local varieties:

Ternateño (spoken in the village of Ternate, Manila Bay)
Caviteño (spoken in the San Roque neighborhood of Cavite City, Manila Bay)
Zamboangueño (spoken in Zamboanga City, Mindanao),
Chabacano, is the most extensive Spanish‑based creole language now in existence,
Chabacano of Zamboanga (Zamboangueño), spoken by several hundred
thousand residents of Zamboanga del Sur province (Mindanao) centering on
Zamboanga City and nearby Basilan Island.

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LANGUAGE VARIETIES

REGIONAL DIALECT- it is not a language that is not distinct from a national language, but rather a
variety of a language spoken in a particular area of the country. Examples are:

Language samples from Cebuano:

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LANGUAGE VARIETIES

REGIONAL DIALECT- it is not a language that is not distinct from a national language, but rather a
variety of a language spoken in a particular area of the country. Examples are:

Waray

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LANGUAGE VARIETIES

MINORITY DIALECT- This is a variety used as a marker of identity, usually alongside a standard
variety, by the members of a particular minority ethnic group. Examples are Sinama of Badjao in
the Philippines and teh London-Jamaican variety in Britain.

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LANGUAGE VARIETIES

INDIGENIZED DIALECT - These are spoken mainly as a second language in former colonies with
multilingual populations. A classic example is Singlish (Singaporean English)

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CONYO LANGUAGE

The Filipino language is widely spoken in the Philippines, but there are a variety of
languages across the archipelago. These may be native to a particular area, depending
on the island group. In some cases, a group of slang words and phrases emerged from
daily conversations and gave birth to a new type of language, such as conyo.

The word conyo often refers to a language where people speak Taglish — a
combination of the English and Filipino languages — in a fussy way. Using this language
may also exhibit that speakers have limited knowledge of either language and have to
code-switch.

It has become more than a language, as the term has been used to describe people as
conyo, since these people (who are often wealthy or social climbers) speak this
language
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LANGUAGE REGISTERS

LANGUAGE REGISTER

It is characterized by the way a speaker uses a language differently in different social

circumstances. These are determined by such factors as social atmosphere, purpose of
communication, audience, and the general context of the discourse.

FORMAL -These registers are used in professional, academic or legal settings where
communication is expected to be respectful, uninterrupted, and restrained to specific rules.

CASUAL- These registers are used when communicating with friends, close acquaintances,
colleagues, and family members,

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LANGUAGE REGISTERS

INTIMATE- They are reserved for special occasions, usually between only two people and often in
private.

FROZEN- It refers to historic language that is intended to remain unchanged.

CONSULTATIVE- It is used in conversations when people are speaking with someone who has
specialized knowledge or is offering advice.Tone is often respectful, such as the use of honorifics
or courtesy titles.

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Improving one's ability in Communicating in a
Multicultural Settings

1. Refrain from forming expectations based soley on your culture.

2. Remove personal biases or any stereotypes that may impede
understanding
3. Make a personal commitment to develop communication skills
appropriate in multicultural settings.

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