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    The Duke of Alba was appointed as the Spanish Governor General of the Netherlands in 1567 to force Catholicism on the predominantly Calvinist Dutch and assert Spanish authority. He set up the Council of Troubles and imprisoned or killed thousands without trial. While the Netherlands was historically Catholic, the Dutch had become largely Calvinist due to the Reformation and were taxed by both the Spanish and Duke of Alba. The key trading city shifted over time from Bruges to Antwerp to Amsterdam as their ports silted up or were overtaken by the Spanish in the 16th century religious and political conflicts between the Dutch and Spanish.

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    Netherlands 16th century notable figure and social context.

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    Netherlands 16th century context

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    The Duke of Alba was appointed as the Spanish Governor General of the Netherlands in 1567 to force Catholicism on the predominantly Calvinist Dutch and assert Spanish authority. He set up the Council of Troubles and imprisoned or killed thousands without trial. While the Netherlands was historically Catholic, the Dutch had become largely Calvinist due to the Reformation and were taxed by both the Spanish and Duke of Alba. The key trading city shifted over time from Bruges to Antwerp to Amsterdam as their ports silted up or were overtaken by the Spanish in the 16th century religious and political conflicts between the Dutch and Spanish.

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    17 views1 page

    Netherlands 16th Century Context

    Uploaded by

    jvermeer8874
    The Duke of Alba was appointed as the Spanish Governor General of the Netherlands in 1567 to force Catholicism on the predominantly Calvinist Dutch and assert Spanish authority. He set up the Council of Troubles and imprisoned or killed thousands without trial. While the Netherlands was historically Catholic, the Dutch had become largely Calvinist due to the Reformation and were taxed by both the Spanish and Duke of Alba. The key trading city shifted over time from Bruges to Antwerp to Amsterdam as their ports silted up or were overtaken by the Spanish in the 16th century religious and political conflicts between the Dutch and Spanish.

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    Netherlands 16th century

    The Duke of alba (1507-1582)


    - Spanish Governor General of the Netherlands (1567-73) appointed by Phillip II
    - Mission was to “restore order” against the rebellion with his army of Spanish troops
    - Set up the council of troubles to force Catholicism, and the compliance of the Dutch to the
    Spanish authority (thousands were imprisoned or put to death without due process)
    - Taxed the Dutch
    - Protestant countries described him as cruel and a religious tyrant

    Religion
    - Was Roman Catholic until the reformation
    - Dominant religion of the Dutch was Calvinism
    - Caused conflict as they were under the rule of the Catholic Habsburg monarchy of Spain
    - Dutch themselves were tolerant of other religions (Jews who were kicked out of Spain and
    Portugal came to the Netherlands)

    Location
    - The key city was always the one where the imports took place through the rivers
    - It was Bruges until 1500 because it silted up
    - Antwerp until 1585 (overtaken by the Spanish’
    - Amsterdam until 1600s (dominated trade in Europe)

    Citations

    https://www.britannica.com/biography/Fernando-Alvarez-de-Toledo-y-Pimentel-3er-duque-de-Alba

    https://www.nga.gov/features/slideshows/the-netherlands-and-france-in-the-1500s.html#slide_4

    “Fernando Álvarez de Toledo y Pimentel, 3er Duque de Alba.” Encyclopædia Britannica.


    Accessed September 29, 2023. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Fernando-Alvarez-
    de-Toledo-y-Pimentel-3er-duque-de-Alba.

    The Netherlands and France in the 1500s. Accessed September 29, 2023.
    https://www.nga.gov/features/slideshows/the-netherlands-and-france-in-the-
    1500s.html#slide_4.

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