UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL CENTRO DEL PERÚ

PROGRAMA DE ESTUDIOS DE EDUCACIÓN INICIAL

INFORME DE INGLES

PRESENTADO POR:
 Gutarra Aliaga Greysi Liz

CARRERA PROFESIONAL: Educación Inicial

ASIGNATURA: Ingleés

DOCENTE: MG. Reymundo Vega Juan Ubaldo

 HUANCAYO - PERÚ
2024

INDICE

INTRODUCCION

CAPITULO I

1.1 Adverbs

CAPITULO II

2.1 Pronoums

CAPITULO III

3.1 Articles

CAPITULO IV

4.1 Prepositions

CAPITULO V

5.1Adjective

CAPITULO VI

6.1 Conjuntions

CAPITULO VII

7.1 Interjections

CAPITULO VIII

8.1 Verbos

CAPITULO IX

9.1 noums

CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAFIA

CAPITULO I

ADVERBS

The adverb is the invariable part of the sentence that can modify or
complement the meaning of the verb, the adjective, another adverb or an entire
sentence. Semantically, the adverb expresses circumstances of place, time,
manner, quantity, order, doubt, etc. Its main function is to serve as a
circumstantial complement, this means that it can answer the questions where,
how, when or how much.
Adverbs are used within a sentence to modify or specify the meaning
of verbs, adjectives or adverbs. They answer the questions: How? Where?
When? How much? In this way complementing the statement.
Adverbs are part of the grammar of the Spanish language that modify
the action indicated by the verb in a sentence as well as indicating the
circumstances of what is being described.
TYPES OF ADVERBS
a) Adverbs of place
They indicate the location or place of what is talked about in the sentence.
Some adverbs of place are: here, there, there, near, far, behind, in front,
outside, above, below, etc.
Example: Pedro's house is far away, behind the shopping center outside the
city.
b) Adverbs of time
They are related to the temporality of what happens in what is described in the
sentence. Some adverbs of time are: yesterday, tomorrow, before, after, next
week, among others.
Example: Yesterday I told my friends about the party we are organizing for next
month.
c) Adverbs of manner
They indicate the way in which the activity spoken of in the sentence is being
carried out. Some adverbs of manner are: well, badly, hardly, quickly, recently,
justly, etc.
Example: Andrés is doing things well, it is unlikely that anyone will win the prize.
d) Adverbs of quantity
They modify the actions described in the sentence in relation to quantities, not
necessarily numerical. Some adverbs of time are: a lot, a little, something,
enough, etc.
Example: Fany has a lot of work pending and time is not enough.
e) Adverbs of affirmation
They are used to emphasize something that is being stated in a severe way.
Some adverbs of affirmation are: also, likewise, good, surely, naturally, truly,
certainly, and others.
Example: The popsicles that Javier makes are, certainly, the tastiest they sell at
the fair.
f) Negation Adverbs
They are used to emphasize something that is being denied in the sentence.
Some adverbs of negation are: in no way, negatively, neither, nothing, never,
etc.
Example: In no way can we allow payments to be made after the agreed date, it
can never happen to us.
g) Adverbs of order
They serve to list facts or actions that are being described in the sentence.
Some adverbs of order are: first, second, last.
Example: The first thing is for Sergio to take the children to school. We will
solve the rest later.
According to its grammatical function, the Royal Spanish Academy proposes
the following classification:
h) adjectival adverb
It represents the form of an adjective. For example: Luis, don't be so heavy in
your ways. The adverb is heavy, as it describes the action.
comparative adverb
It serves to denote comparison; For example: Daniela sings better than Octavio.
i) demonstrative adverb
It serves to show or indicate a place, a time or a way. For example: Héctor went
yesterday to a meeting that was held impromptu in a room far from the central
building.
j) exclamatory adverb
Gives rise to exclamatory expressions; for example: How can you live among so
much garbage!
k) interrogative adverb
Gives rise to interrogative expressions. For example, when are you going to
stop being so rude?
 CAPITULO II

PRONOUMS
A pronoun is a type of word that replaces a noun or noun in a sentence.
The function of pronouns is to represent any grammatical person being spoken
of, including their gender (feminine, masculine, or neuter) and number (singular
or plural). This includes people, animals or things.
PRONOUNS TYPES
Pronouns can be personal; possessives; relatives; numerals; quantitative;
indefinite; interrogative and exclamatory.
a) Personal pronouns
They are those that serve to refer to the participants in the speech. They can
refer to the speaker (I), the listener or to an external subject (him, she, them,
them). They are called personal pronouns because they express the
grammatical features of person (first, second and third person).
Example
 I am Venezuelan.
 We will live together.
 You are very talented.
 Could you grant me a piece?
b) Reflexives pronouns
They are those that are used to indicate that the action falls on the subject
himself.
 When Antonio goes to mass, he puts on his best outfit.
 He likes playing soccer so much that he focuses his energies on it.
 Maria saw many possibilities before her.
 Joseph made peace with himself.
c) Reciprocal pronouns
Reciprocal pronouns are those that imply the reciprocity of actions between two
or more subjects, that is, mutual actions that concern several individuals.
Example

 Jacinta and I swear eternal loyalty (to each other).

 Juan and José! I have already told you not to scratch the walls.
 The Pérez brothers get along like cats and dogs.
d) Possessive pronouns
They are those that express the possession of a thing by a noun. They are
gender, number and person inflected.
Example:
 My heart is yours.
 The shirts are yours.
 The decision is yours.
e) Demonstrative pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns indicate the relationship of proximity between the
person indicated and the other participants in the discourse.
Example:
 I didn't come that day, so I missed the game.
 That woman had something special.
 It was in that theater where I premiered my first work.
f) Relative Pronouns
They have several functions. Among them: they point out other people who
appeared previously and introduce subordinate clauses. Let's see what they are
in the following table.
Example:
 Jacinta, who is always in a hurry, left without having breakfast again.
 José, who was the nurse on duty, saved my life.
 The canvas had several stains, which were treated by an art restorer.

CAPITULO III

ARTICLES
In grammar, an article is a kind of word that accompanies the noun within a
sentence. Article and noun are expressed in the same gender (masculine or
feminine) and number (singular or plural), and the function of the article is to
specify whether the noun is known (definite) or unknown (indefinite).
a) Defined articles
Definite articles are those that refer to something that is known or can be
identified.
Are:
 HE. It refers to a masculine noun in the singular. For example: We will not
be able to go in the car, because it is broken down.
 THE. It refers to a feminine noun in the singular. For example: It is time to
celebrate the arrival of the
 THE. Refers to a masculine plural noun. For example: The months of the
year are twelve.
 THE. Refers to a feminine plural noun. For example: The ruins of San
Ignacio are located in the province of Misiones.
b) Undefined articles
Indefinite articles are those that refer to something that is not known or cannot
be identified.
Are:
A. It refers to an indefinite noun in the masculine and singular form. For
example: I think we'll go to a bar before going to the party.
A. It refers to an indefinite noun in the feminine and singular. For example:
Yesterday I ran into a woman on the street who asked me about you.

CAPITULO IV

PREPOSITIONS
The preposition is an invariable part of the sentence, that is, it does not undergo
grammatical changes or accidents (it has neither gender: feminine or
masculine, nor number: singular or plural) and its purpose is to introduce a
term, be it a nominal group or a sentence, with which it forms an ordered set of
words, in short, it unites the different elements that make up a clause. The use
of prepositions is mandatory in the construction of correct and coherent
sentences.
 The prepositions are 23: a, before, under, fits, with, against, from,
during, in, between, towards, until, through, for, according to, without, so, on,
after, versus and via; Some of them, today, have fallen into disuse: Cabe and
So.
According to the function of the preposition: cause, company, purpose,
instrument, place, mode, belonging and time, its meaning depends on the
context and the words with which it interacts.
Example:

 He sat on the chair.

 There is some milk in the fridge.

 She was hiding under the table.

 She lost her ring at the beach.

 The book belongs to Linda

 They were sitting by the bushes

 She lives near the school

 He swam at the lake.

 The park is near her house.

 The car went through the tunnel.

 I got a package from a friend.

 There is a deer between the two trees.

 I have liked that song since 2015.

 CAPITULO V

ADJECTIVE
Adjectives are used to add information to what we write and express and
provide readers and interlocutors with a more detailed and complete picture of a
topic.
Therefore, adjectives are important to reinforce children's written expression,
since they provide relevant details that help the reader visualize and understand
a topic.
Adjectives are words that complement the noun by providing more information
about the noun, indicating and pointing out general qualities or detailing a
particular characteristic.
TYPES OF ADJECTIVES
a) Qualifying adjectives
Are those that describe or qualify the noun or subject of the sentence by
highlighting one or more qualities.
Some of the most used are: cute, ugly, tall, short, friendly, kind, slow, fast,
attentive, small, big, fat, thin, curious, happy, sad, new, old, yellow, blue, red,
green, simple, dirty, clean, strong, fragile, cruel, wide, thin, happy, affectionate,
among others.
Example:
 Your daughter is very tall for her age.
 The blue car belongs to my uncle.
b) Demonstrative adjectives
They determine a relationship of proximity with the noun being spoken about.
They are: this, that, that, that, that, that, these, those, those, those, those.
Example:
 This apartment is mine.
 That washing machine is good.
 Those blankets have to be washed.
c) Possessive adjectives
Possessive adjectives are characterized by attributing to the noun an idea of
belonging or possession. These adjectives can come before or after the noun
and are: my, your, their, our/our, your/yours, my, your, their, our/our, your/yours.
Example:
 My bracelet and your earrings.
 That book is mine.
 In our house we have a fireplace.
d) Determinative adjectives
They are the adjectives that introduce or identify the noun in the sentence, they
do not describe it, but rather they specify it and limit its scope. They are widely
used adjectives that agree in gender and number with the noun.
Example:
 Some friends.
 That little dog is cute.
 This ball.
e) Indefinite adjectives
They are adjectives that do not provide precise information about the noun. The
most used are: some, some, so many, enough, true, each, any, any, too many,
few, others, much, little, none, none, more, same, another, all, several, both,
such, true, each.
Example:
 Few teachers attended the meeting.
 Some students are athletes.
 Such a question scared me.
 Each one will give their opinion.
f) Numeral adjectives
They express numerical quantity and can be cardinal (one, two, three, seven,
nine, etc.), ordinal (first, second, third, fifth, last), multiples (double, triple,
quadruple) or partitive (half, third, fifth, etc.).
Example:
 It's been two years since we saw each other.
 I called him three times.
 He came second in the competition.
 It's the fifth time I've come.
 I had a double helping of dessert.
 This is quadruple what you asked me for.
 Add half a cup of water.
 Buy a quarter kilo of meat.
g) Gentile adjective
They identify the origin of people or objects, which can be a continent (America,
Africa, Europe, Oceania or Asia), a country, a region, province or city. However,
the most used demonym refers to countries.
Example:
 His daughter is Mexican.
 My cousins are Asian.
 He is from Madrid.
 CAPITULO VI

CONJUNTIONS
Conjunctions are words that serve the function of connecting sentences or
linking one word with another to give continuity to an idea.
Although they are often overlooked, they are what allow you to give shape and
coherence to your texts in the company of prepositions.
Their main characteristic is that they are independent and invariable, that is,
they join words that can function perfectly on their own and are always written in
the same way, since they do not have a gender or number that affects them.
TYPES OF CONJUTION
Copulative conjunctions
They tell you a sum or addition of elements. The words “and”, “e”, “nor” and
“que” are part of this group. Example:
 I like apples, pears and strawberries.
 I won't go to the office tomorrow or Friday.
Disjunctive conjunctions
These conjunctions express contrary ideas. The words “o” and “u” are part of
this group.
Example:
 Do you want juice or coffee? As you see you can only choose one
alternative, not both.
 I don't know if she is bad-tempered or proud. The same thing happens here.
Adversarial conjunctions
They indicate an opposition or a contradiction, among them are: “but”, “but”,
“however”, “nevertheless”, “rather”, “rather”, “although”.
Example:
 I would like an ice cream, but it's raining.
 The dog will not be called Thor, but Tom.
Explanatory conjunctions
You join two terms or phrases that have the same objective, their function is to
reinforce the idea. Among them are: "that is", "this is", "that is", rather.
 Include animal protein in your diet, that is, meat, chicken, eggs and fish.
 You don't listen to anything I say, or rather, you are very focused.
Distributive conjunctions
These conjunctions allow you to show two alternatives in the same sentence,
what they do is divide the meaning of the phrase into two different terms. This
group includes words like: "ora...ora", "now... now", "come out... come out", "as
much as", "well... well".
 You can choose either Mondays or Thursdays.
 I like both green and red apples.
CAPITULO VII

7.1 Interjections

Interjection is a term that refers to a particular kind of word. Specifically,

interjections are composed of elements that allow the creation of exclamatory
statements to express impressions or specify an appellative speech act.
Interjections are considered pregrammatical signs, capable of fulfilling
representative, conative or expressive functions. It is a synthetic form of
language that serves, among other things, to appeal to an interlocutor or to
communicate a feeling.
Types of interjection
 A proper interjection is one that has a simple phonetic body and does not
fulfill any other grammatical role. For example: “Bah!” (“I don't feel like going
to the party. Bah! I don't really want to run into my ex.”), “Hey!” (“Hey! How
are you going to treat a child like that?”), “Whoa!” (“I was walking distracted
and bam! I tripped on a rock and fell to the ground.”)
 An improper interjection, on the other hand, is developed from adverbial,
verbal, adjectival or nominal forms: “My God!” (“My God! How can you allow
something like that?”), “Bravo!” (“The Swiss tennis player achieved a new
title. Bravo!”), “Be careful!” (“It is a dangerous area to walk at night: Be
careful! Be very careful”).
CAPITULO VIII

8.1 Verb

Verbs are a type of word or grammatical category that semantically expresses

an action, a state or a process.
The function of verbs within the sentence is fundamental. Without verbs, a
sentence cannot be considered a complete sentence, something would be
missing. In fact, the presence or absence of a verb is often the main criterion for
distinguishing between sentences and phrases.
Types of verbs
Regular and irregular verbs. This differentiation is based on the way each verb
is conjugated.
Regular verbs: They follow the general rule or tendency of the language, which
we explained in the first part of this article. For example, "eat."
Irregular verbs: They require a separate, slightly different conjugation, in which
even the root of the verb is altered. For example, “have”: I have, you have, he
has, etc.
o Personal and impersonal verbs. This distinction is made by
looking at the type of sentences that each verb allows, and
specifically whether or not they can have a logical sentential
subject.
o Personal verbs: It is conjugated according to the person. Example,
"love."
Impersonal verbs: They are used in the third person singular. For example,
"rain" cannot really be conjugated ("I rain" or "you rain" only make sense in
poetic language) and is generally used in impersonal sentences like "it rains a
lot here."
Transitive and intransitive verbs. For its part, this distinction takes into account
the syntactic conditions in which the verb appears and the type of complements
it requires.
Transitive verbs: They form part of a transitive sentence, in which the action of
the verb is performed by a subject-agent on an object-patient. This means that
these verbs require a direct object or direct object on which the action falls, and
without them, they lose their meaning. For example, “achieving” requires
something that is achieved, because simply saying “I achieve” is like saying
nothing. “I get the money,” on the other hand, makes sense, because there is a
direct complement that is “the money.”
Intransitive verbs: They do not admit this complement, and they can express
themselves perfectly. For example, the verb “sleep” is intransitive, since one
falls asleep or falls asleep in some way (circumstantial complement: “I sleep
well”), but one thing does not fall asleep: “I sleep” is a completely
understandable sentence.
Copulative verbs. This is the name given to verbs that do not express actions,
but rather serve to denote conditions or states, and for that reason they are
usually accompanied by an adjective, instead of a direct object. For example,
the verb be in “I am Latin American” or “She is a lawyer.”
CAPITULO IX

9.1 Noums

A noun is a grammatical category or class of word that is used to name an

object, subject, place, concept. For example: Juan, car, house, Buenos Aires.
Types of nouns
 Proper nouns
They name an object or subject in a concrete and particular way and are always
written with a capital letter. They are used to name: people (María, Juan),
countries, cities and continents (Colombia, Montevideo, Asia), brands (Bimbo,
Sony), organizations or institutions (Autonomous University of Barcelona,
Greenpeace), festivities (Christmas, Pesach), musical groups (Nirvana, The
Beatles), literary works (Don Quixote de la Mancha, La Gioconda).
 Common nouns.
They designate a person, animal or thing in a general way. For example: table,
chair, cow, dog, mountain, love. Common nouns are always written with a
lowercase letter and are classified in different ways.
Common nouns are classified into:
Abstract nouns. They designate ideas, concepts and feelings that cannot be
perceived by the senses. For example: freedom, happiness, hatred,
compassion.
Concrete nouns. They name things and objects that can be perceived by the
senses. For example: house, cat, tree, ball.
Concrete nouns are classified into:
 Countable nouns. They can be numbered, example: apple, table, friend.
 Non-countable nouns. They cannot be numbered, but they can be
measured, example: water, sugar. In the latter case, you cannot say two
 sugars, but you can say one kilo of sugar. Non-count nouns do not have
plurals.
Countable nouns can be classified into:
 Individual nouns. They name a particular being in the singular. For
example: fish, dog.
 Collective nouns. They name a group of people, animals, objects in a
global or group way. For example: “fish” is individual and “school” is
collective, since it refers to a group of fish.
BIBLIOGRAFIA

https://www.significados.com/adverbio/

https://www.significados.com/pronombre/

https://concepto.de/articulo/#ixzz8OqIX0q8P

https://www.upb.edu.co/es/central-blogs/ortografia/uso-de-las-preposiciones

https://www.twinkl.com.pe/teaching-wiki/adjetivos

https://edu.gcfglobal.org/es/gramatica-basica/que-es-una-conjuncion/1/

https://definicion.de/interjeccion/

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbo

https://concepto.de/sustantivo/