Name: ____________________ Class: __________( ) Date: ___________________

 5A Lesson Worksheet 3.4A(I) (Refer to Book 5A P.3.39)

Objective: To recognize the translation of functions (upward or downward).

Translating Upward or Downward: f(x) → f(x)  k

Transformation on f(x) Algebraic expression Example

y
Translate upward by k units y = f(x) + k
f(x) + k
(k > 0)
y = f(x)
k units
x
O
k units
Translate downward by k units
f(x) − k
(k > 0) y = f(x) − k

In each of the following, the graph of the function y = f(x) undergoes a translation to become the graph of
the function y = g(x). State the direction and distance of the translation, and express g(x) in terms of f(x).
[Nos. 1–4] Ex 3D: 4, 5

1. y 2. y
(1 , 2)
(2 , 2)
3 units y = f(x)
y = g(x)
x Point (2 , 2) is translated
O O x ( upward / downward ) by
(1 , −1) (2 , 0) units to point (2 , 0).
y = f(x) y = g(x)

Direction: Direction:
Distance: Distance:
g(x) = f(x) + g(x) =

3. y 4. y
(–90 , 3) y = g(x)
y = f(x) 3

2
x
O
1
(–90 , −3) y = g(x) y = f(x)
x
−2 −1 0 1

Direction: Direction:
Distance: Distance:
g(x) = g(x) =

© Oxford University Press 2015 P.1

 5A Ch 3 Lesson Worksheet 3.4A(I)
Instant Example 1 Instant Practice 1
The graph of y = f(x) = x2 + 2 becomes the graph of The graph of y = f(x) = x2 + 3x + 1 becomes the
y = g(x) after each of the following transformations. graph of y = h(x) after each of the following
Find the function g(x). transformations. Find the function h(x).
(a) Translate upward by 4 units. (a) Translate downward by 5 units.
(b) Translate downward by 3 units. (b) Translate upward by 2 units.
(a) y
(a) g(x) = f(x) + 4 (a) y
y = g(x) (a) h(x) = f(x) ( + / − ) y = f(x)

= x2 + 2 + 4 =
x
O
= x2 + 6 =
y = f(x)
(b) g(x) = f(x) – 3 x (b) h(x) = f(x) ( + / − ) y = h(x)
O
= x2 + 2 – 3 =
=x –12
=

5. The graph of y = f(x) = x − 2 is translated 6. The graph of y = f(x) = x3 − 2x2 + x + 3 is

upward by 3 units to become the graph of translated downward by 8 units to become the
y = g(x). Find the function g(x). graph of y = g(x). Find the function g(x).
y y = g(x)
Ex 3D: 7
g(x) =

x
O
y = f(x)

7. The graph of y = f(x) = 2 cos x – 8 becomes the
graph of y = g(x) after each of the following
transformations. Find the function g(x).
(a) Translate upward by 7 units.
(b) Translate downward by 2 units.
8. The graph of y = f(x) = 2x + 5 becomes the
graph of y = g(x) after each of the following
transformations. Find the function g(x).
(a) Translate downward by 1 unit.
(b) Translate upward by 6 units.

Level Up Question
9. In the figure, the coordinates of the vertex of the graph of the quadratic y
6
function y = f(x) are (0 , 1). The graph of y = f(x) is translated upward
by 3 units to become the graph of y = h(x).
4
(a) Find the coordinates of the vertex of the graph of y = h(x).
(b) Sketch the graph of y = h(x) on the given figure. 2 y = f(x)

x
−2 0 2

© Oxford University Press 2015 P.2

 Name: ____________________ Class: __________( ) Date: ___________________

 5A Lesson Worksheet 3.4A(II) (Refer to Book 5A P.3.41)

Objective: To recognize the translation of functions (to the left or to the right).

Translating to the Left or Right: f(x) → f(x  k)

Transformation on f(x) Algebraic expression Example

y
Translate to the left by k units y = f(x)
f(x + k)
(k > 0) k units
y = f(x + k) y = f(x − k)
x
Translate to the right by k units O
f(x − k)
(k > 0) k units

In each of the following, the graph of the function y = f(x) undergoes a translation to become the graph of
the function y = g(x). State the direction and distance of the translation, and express g(x) in terms of f(x).
[Nos. 1–4] Ex 3D: 6

1. y 2. y
y = g(x) y = f(x)

(0 , 1) 2 units
(2 , 1) y = g(x) Point (−1 , 1) is translated
to the ( left / right ) by
x (−1 , 1) units to point (4 , 1).
O (4 , 1)
y = f(x) x
O

Direction: Direction:
Distance: Distance:
g(x) = f(x + ) g(x) =

3. y 4. y
y = g(x) y = f(x)
y = f(x) 2
(−3 , 2) 1
(0 , 2)
x x
O −1 0 1 2 3
−1
y = g(x)

Direction: Direction:
Distance: Distance:
g(x) = g(x) =

© Oxford University Press 2015 P.1

 5A Ch 3 Lesson Worksheet 3.4A(II)
Instant Example 1 Instant Practice 1
The graph of y = f(x) = x + 2 becomes the graph of The graph of y = f(x) = x − 3 becomes the graph of
y = g(x) after each of the following transformations. y = h(x) after each of the following transformations.
Find the function g(x). Find the function h(x).
(a) Translate to the left by 3 units. (a) Translate to the right by 4 units.
(b) Translate to the right by 6 units. (b) Translate to the left by 8 units.

(a) g(x) = f(x + 3) (a) y (a) h(x) = f(x ( + / − ) ) (a) y

y = f(x)
=x+3+2 y = g(x) =
y = f(x) x
=x+5 = O
x y = h(x)
O
(b) g(x) = f(x − 6) (b) h(x) = f(x ( + / − ) )
=x−6+2 =
=x−4 =

5. The graph of y = f(x) = 2x − 1 is translated to 6. The graph of y = f(x) = x2 + 5 is translated to

the right by 3 units to become the graph of the left by 4 units to become the graph of
y = g(x). Find the function g(x). y = g(x). Find the function g(x). Ex 3D: 8, 9

g(x) = (a + b)2
= a2 + 2ab + b2

7. The graph of y = f(x) = 3x + 2 becomes the
graph of y = g(x) after each of the following
transformations. Find the function g(x).
(a) Translate to the right by 2 units.
(b) Translate to the left by 1 unit.
8. The graph of y = f(x) = 1 − sin x becomes the
graph of y = g(x) after each of the following
transformations. Find the function g(x).
(a) Translate to the left by 80.
(b) Translate to the right by 40.

Level Up Question
9. The graph of y = f(x) = x2 − 2x − 1 is translated to the right by 3 units to become the graph of y = g(x).
Then the graph of y = g(x) is translated upward by 4 units to become the graph of y = h(x). Find h(x).

© Oxford University Press 2015 P.2

 Name: ____________________ Class: __________( ) Date: ___________________

 5A Lesson Worksheet 3.4B (Refer to Book 5A P.3.43)

Objective: To recognize the reflection of functions in the x-axis and the y-axis.

Reflection in the x-axis and the y-axis: f(x) → −f(x) and f(x) → f(−x)

Transformation on f(x) Algebraic expression Example

y
y = f(x)

Reflect in the x-axis −f(x) x

O
y = −f(x)

y
y = f(−x) y = f(x)

Reflect in the y-axis f(−x)

x
O

In each of the following, the graph of the function y = f(x) undergoes a reflection to become the graph of
the function y = g(x). State the axis of reflection and express g(x) in terms of f(x). [Nos. 1–4] Ex 3D: 10–13

1. y 2. y

(2 , 2)
y = f(x) (−3 , 1) (3 , 1)
x x
O
y = g(x) O
(2 , −2)
y = f(x) y = g(x)

Axis of reflection: Axis of reflection:

g(x) = g(x) =

3. y 4. y
y = g(x)
y = f(x)
2
(−a , b) (a , b)
1
x x
O 0 1 2 3
−1
y = g(x)
−2
y = f(x)

Axis of reflection: Axis of reflection:

g(x) = g(x) =

© Oxford University Press 2015 P.1

 5A Ch 3 Lesson Worksheet 3.4B
Instant Example 1 Instant Practice 1
The graph of y = f(x) = 2x − 1 becomes the graph of The graph of y = f(x) = 2 − 3x becomes the graph of
y = g(x) after each of the following transformations. y = h(x) after each of the following transformations.
Find the function g(x). Find the function h(x).
(a) Reflect in the x-axis. (a) Reflect in the y-axis.
(b) Reflect in the y-axis. (b) Reflect in the x-axis.

(a) g(x) = −f(x) (a) y (a) h(x) = (a) y

= −(2x − 1) y = f(x)
=
x
= −2x + 1 O = O
x
y = g(x)
(b) g(x) = f(−x) (b) h(x) = y = h(x) y = f(x)

= 2(−x) − 1 =
= −2x – 1 =

5. The graph of y = f(x) = x2 + 3x − 6 is reflected 6. The graph of y = f(x) = −2x2 − 4x + 1 is reflected

in the x-axis to become the graph of y = h(x). in the y-axis to become the graph of y = h(x).
Find the function h(x). Find the function h(x).

h(x) =

7. The graph of y = f(x) = tan x + 4 becomes the
graph of y = g(x) after each of the following
transformations. Find the function g(x).
(a) Reflect in the x-axis.
(b) Reflect in the y-axis.
8. The graph of y = f(x) = 1 – 2x becomes the
graph of y = g(x) after each of the following
transformations. Find the function g(x).
(a) Reflect in the y-axis.
(b) Reflect in the x-axis.

Level Up Question
9. The graph of y = f(x) = x2 − 4x + 5 is translated to the left by 4 units to become the graph of y = g(x).
Peter claims that the graph of y = g(x) can also be obtained by reflecting the graph of y = f(x) in the
y-axis. Do you agree? Explain your answer.

© Oxford University Press 2015 P.2

 Name: ____________________ Class: __________( ) Date: ___________________

 5A Lesson Worksheet 3.4C(I) (Refer to Book 5A P.3.45)

Objective: To recognize the enlargement or reduction of functions along the y-axis.

Enlargement or Reduction along the y-axis: f(x) → kf(x)

Transformation on f(x) Algebraic expression Example

y y = kf(x)
Enlarge to k times (k > 1) the
kf(x) (k > 1)
original along the y-axis y = kf(x)
(0 < k < 1)
x
Reduce to k (0 < k < 1) of the O
kf(x)
original along the y-axis y = f(x)

In each of the following [Nos. 1–4], the graph of the function y = f(x) is enlarged to k times the original or
reduced to k of the original along the y-axis to become the graph of the function y = g(x).
(a) State whether the transformation is an enlargement or a reduction.
(b) Write down the value of k.
(c) Express g(x) in terms of f(x).

1. y 2. y
y = g(x)
(1 , 9)
(i) The x-intercepts of
the two graphs are
y = f(x) ( the same / different ). (−1 , 4)
y = g(x) (ii) The y-coordinate of
(1 , 3) y = f(x)
point (1 , 9) is ____ (−1 , 2)
x times that of point
O x
(1 , 3). O

(a) (a)

(b) k = (b) k =

(c) g(x) = (c) g(x) =

3. y 4. y
2 y = f(x)
(a , b)
O x
y = g(x) x
0 180 360
(a , 3b) y = g(x)
−2
y = f(x)

(a) (a)

(b) k = (b) k =

(c) g(x) = (c) g(x) =

© Oxford University Press 2015 P.1

 5A Ch 3 Lesson Worksheet 3.4C(I)
Instant Example 1 Instant Practice 1
The graph of y = f(x) = x2 − 2 becomes the graph of The graph of y = f(x) = 4x2 + 8x + 4 becomes the
y = g(x) after each of the following transformations. graph of y = h(x) after each of the following
Find the function g(x). transformations. Find the function h(x).
(a) Enlarge to 3 times the original along the y-axis. 1
(a) Reduce to of the original along the y-axis.
1 4
(b) Reduce to of the original along the y-axis.
2 (b) Enlarge to 1.5 times the original along the y-axis.

(a) g(x) = 3f(x) (a) ( ) (a)

y (a) h(x) = f(x) y
( ) y = f(x)
= 3(x2 − 2)
y = f(x) ( )
= 3x2 − 6 O x = ( )
( ) y = h(x)
1 O
x
(b) g(x) = f(x) y = g(x) =
2
1 2 (b) h(x) = ( )f(x)
= (x − 2)
2 =( )( )
x2
= −1 =
2

1
5. The graph of y = f(x) = 3 sin x + 2 is enlarged 6. The graph of y = f(x) = 6 − 5x is reduced to
of
5
to 2 times the original along the y-axis to
the original along the y-axis to become the
become the graph of y = g(x). Find the function
graph of y = g(x). Find the function g(x).
g(x).

g(x) =

7. The graph of y = f(x) = log x is enlarged to 6 8.
times the original along the y-axis to become
the graph of y = g(x). Find the function g(x).
1
The graph of y = f(x) = 2x is reduced to of
2
the original along the y-axis to become the
graph of y = g(x). Find the function g(x).

am  an = am − n

Level Up Question
9. The figure shows the graphs of y = f(x) and y = g(x). Sandy claims that the y
graph of y = g(x) can be obtained by enlarging the graph of y = f(x) to
(1 , 2)
2 times the original along the y-axis. Do you agree? Explain your answer. y = f(x)
y = g(x)
(1 , 1)
x
O

© Oxford University Press 2015 P.2

 Name: ____________________ Class: __________( ) Date: ___________________

 5A Lesson Worksheet 3.4C(II) (Refer to Book 5A P.3.47)

Objective: To recognize the enlargement or reduction of functions along the x-axis.

Enlargement or Reduction along the x-axis: f(x) → f(kx)

Transformation on f(x) Algebraic expression Example

1 y
Reduce to (k > 1) of the y = f(kx)
k f(kx) y = f(x)
(0 < k < 1)
original along the x-axis

1 x
Enlarge to times (0 < k < 1) O
k f(kx) y = f(kx)
the original along the x-axis (k > 1)

In each of the following [Nos. 1–4], the graph of the function y = f(x) is enlarged to k times the original or
reduced to k of the original along the x-axis to become the graph of the function y = g(x).
(a) State whether the transformation is an enlargement or a reduction.
(b) Write down the value of k.
(c) Express g(x) in terms of f(x).

1. y 2. y
(i) The y-intercepts of (150 , 2)
y = g(x) the two graphs are
( the same / different ).
(300 , 2)
(ii) The x-coordinate of x
(6 , 3) O
(2 , 3) point (6 , 3) is ____
x times that of point y = g(x)
O (2 , 3).
y = f(x) y = f(x)

(a) (a)

(b) k = (b) k =

(c) g(x) = (c) g(x) =

3. y 4. y
y = f(x) 4
3
y = f(x)
x
−4 −1 0 y = g(x) 2
1
x
y = g(x) −2 −1 0 1 2

(a) (a)

(b) k = (b) k =

(c) g(x) = (c) g(x) =

© Oxford University Press 2015 P.1

 5A Ch 3 Lesson Worksheet 3.4C(II)
Instant Example 1 Instant Practice 1
The graph of y = f(x) = 9x + 5 becomes the graph of The graph of y = f(x) = 4 − x2 becomes the graph of
y = g(x) after each of the following transformations. y = h(x) after each of the following transformations.
Find the function g(x). Find the function h(x).
(a) Enlarge to 3 times the original along the x-axis. 1
(a) Reduce to of the original along the x-axis.
1 2
(b) Reduce to of the original along the x-axis.
5 (b) Enlarge to 6 times the original along the x-axis.
 x (a) (a) h(x) = f( x) (a)
(a) g(x) = f   y y = f(x) y
3 =4−( )2 y = f(x)
 x
= 9  + 5 y = g(x) =
3 x
x   O
= 3x + 5 O (b) h(x) = f   y = h(x)
 
(b) g(x) = f(5x) 2
 
= 9(5x) + 5 = 4 −  
 
= 45x + 5
=

1
5. The graph of y = f(x) = log4 x is reduced to 6. The graph of y = f(x) = cos (2x + 10) is enlarged
3
to 2 times the original along the x-axis to become
of the original along the x-axis to become the
the graph of y = g(x). Find the function g(x).
graph of y = g(x). Find the function g(x).

g(x) =

7. The graph of y = f(x) = 2x2 + x − 8 is reduced to 8. The graph of y = f(x) = 1 − 32x is enlarged to
1 8 times the original along the x-axis to become
of the original along the x-axis to become
4 the graph of y = g(x). Find the function g(x).
the graph of y = g(x). Find the function g(x).

Level Up Question
1
9. The graph of y = f(x) = x2 is reduced to of the original along the x-axis to become the graph of
2
y = g(x). Can the graph of y = g(x) be obtained after the graph of y = f(x) is enlarged along the y-axis?
Explain your answer.

© Oxford University Press 2015 P.2