Annotated bibliography

Topic: “Has the internet made us more susceptible to misinformation?”

Citation Enders, A. M., Uscinski, J. E., Seelig, M. I., Klofstad, C. A., Wuchty, S.,
Funchion, J. R., Murthi, M. N., Premaratne, K., & Stoler, J. (2021). The
relationship between social media use and beliefs in conspiracy
theories and misinformation. Political Behavior. https://doi-
org.proxy.lib.sfu.ca/10.1007/s11109-021-09734-6

Main Social media is a major contributor to COVID 19 theories and can have major
argument or consequences by spreading misinformation to societies
thesis
statement
Key research People that use social media as their primary ways of getting information or more
questions likely to be misinformed
Key quotations “We also have good reason to believe that conspiracy thinking might condition the
relationship between social media use and specific conspiracy beliefs” (Enders. Et al.)
Methodologies National survey with a healthy sample size
used to
conduct the
research (if
indicated)
Key results How the social media has become of platform for conspiracy theories
and/or
Conclusions
Limitations of Unsure about the mechanism of how social media and conspiracy theories come
the research together
and/or
unanswered
questions
and/or call for
future
research
How is this This source is relevant since it is about how misinformation is being spread through
source social media and my topic is about how the internet has made it easier for us to
relevant to believe in misinformation
your topic?
Citation Tsipursky, G., Votta, F., & Mulick, J. A. (2018). A psychological
approach to promoting truth in politics: The Pro-Truth
Pledgrs. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 6(2), 271–290.
https://doi-org.proxy.lib.sfu.ca/10.5964/jspp.v6i2.856
Main Why do people spread fake news over social media and how can we reduce that?
argument or
thesis
statement
Key research Can taking a pledge help reduce misinformation on the internet
questions
Key quotations “Individuals who practice deceptive behaviors often gain for their own
agendas”(Tsipursky, et.al)

Methodologies Self reporting and self selection

used to Descent sample size and all participants took a pledge
conduct the
research (if
indicated)
Key results By applying technological and psychological principle in the form of a pledge, we can
and/or limit the spread of fake news on social media
Conclusions
Limitations of It relies on self reporting which can be questionable sometime.
the research
and/or
unanswered
questions
and/or call for
future
research
How is this This topic is relevant since it can help us understand why some people spread
source misinformation and how we can reduce that from social media.
relevant to
your topic?
Citation Walter, N., Brooks, J. J., Saucier, C. J., & Suresh, S. (2020).
Evaluating the impact of attempts to correct health misinformation
on social media: A meta-analysis. Health Communication. https://doi-
org.proxy.lib.sfu.ca/10.1080/10410236.2020.1794553
Main How misinformation has spread through social media and attempts at correction
argument or misinformation could be beneficial
thesis
statement
Key research Are correction of misinformation possible?
questions
Key quotations “The growing danger of health-related misinformation on social media has spurred
efforts to develop and test various interventions designed to ameliorate the spread
of falsehoods and sustain public trust in evidence-based care (Chou et al., 2018)”
Methodologies
used to Search strategy, selection criteria, and data extraction
conduct the
research (if
indicated)
Key results While misinformation is hard to get rid of, the ability to minimize the impact it can
and/or have is optimistic.
Conclusions
Limitations of There are not a lot of studies on the topic and that more would be needed to provide
the research an even more accurate finding
and/or
unanswered
questions
and/or call for
future
research
How is this This source is relevant since my topic is about how we are more sucipitable to
source misinformation and this research not only supports that but provides a solution to
relevant to counter that
your topic?
Citation Choukas-Bradley, S., Nesi, J., Widman, L., & Galla, B. M. (2020). The Appearance-
Related Social Media Consciousness Scale: Development and validation with
adolescents. Body Image, 33, 164–174.
https://doi-org.proxy.lib.sfu.ca/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.02.017
Main Social media can have a negative impact on our mental health due to the way we
argument or view our body.
thesis
statement
Key research Does using social media for a long period time lead to more depressive symptons?
questions
Key quotations “Adolescence is a developmental period during which individuals are acutely attuned
to social status and feedback from peers, and social media may tap into these key
adolescent motivators (Nesi et al., 2018; Sherman, Payton, Hernandez, Greenfield, &
Dapretto, 2016)”(Choukas-Bradley, et al.,2020)
Methodologies Self reporting
used to Measure using the ASMC(Appearance-Related Social Media Consciousness) scale
conduct the Large sample size with a good balance between gender and race
research (if
indicated)
Key results Most teenagers are concern with the way their body looks and that people with a
and/or high ASMC are often more susceptible to depressive symptoms
Conclusions
Limitations of The study was not done over a long period of time so the relationship between
the research mental health disorder and high ASMC score could not be concluded. Also the
and/or reports were all self reporting
unanswered
questions
and/or call for
future
research
How is this This research is relevant to my topic since it is able to show how misinformation on
source how our bodies should appear/how we look could negatively impact teenagers
relevant to
your topic?
Citation Beeres, D. T., Andersson, F., Vossen, H. G. M., & Galanti, M. R. (2021).
Social media and mental health among early adolescents in Sweden:
A longitudinal study with 2-year follow-up (KUPOL study). Journal of
Adolescent Health, 68(5), 953–960.
https://doi-org.proxy.lib.sfu.ca/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.07.042
Main How long term use of social media can affect our mental health
argument or
thesis
statement
Key research Do long term use of social media lead to mental health problems?
questions
Key quotations “ The observed concurrent relationship between social media use and externalizing
problems may warrant studies with different time frames and alternative measures
of social media use to elucidate the nature of this association.”( Beeres,et
al.,2020)
Methodologies Self reported through out Sweden’s high school (grade 9-10)
used to
conduct the
research (if
indicated)
Key results Social media act more as an indicator rather than an immediate risk to mental health
and/or
Conclusions
Limitations of The participant mostly came from wealthy or intact parents which is not an accurate
the research representation of the general population
and/or The social use to measure was too broad
unanswered Participant were self reporting which is susceptible to bias
questions
and/or call for
future
research
 How is this This study is relevant since it shows the negative impact social media can have on
source teenagers.
relevant to
your topic?

1. What are the themes addressed in the 5 sources?

- The themes addressed in my 5 sources is how social media can negatively impact societies
whether its through misinformation, attributing to mental health symptoms or both!
-
2. What issues related to my topic have been addressed and what issues related to my topic have
not received much attention?

- misinformation can attribute to one’s mental health

- a topic that has not received much attention is how the reduction of our attention span could make
us more vulnerable to misinformation online.

3. What are things that authors agree about and what things are the subject of controversy or
debate among them?

- most authors agree that there are not enough research for their topic. They also agree that while
social media does not cause mental illness, it can certainly give mental illness symptoms

- a subject they debate about is that the way they get their information is through self-reporting and
how questionable/ reliable that can be. Another topic that is controversial is the scale in which some use
to measure certain traits in their studies.