Name: _Jenelyn W.

Matias Rating: ______

Section: __BSN-1C_ Date: ________

Worksheet 6

SKELETAL SYSTEM

Engage

True or False: BONES DO NOT GROW IN LENGTH! Explain your answer.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Explore

This activity will make you learn the bones that make up the skeleton, the ligaments that connect the
bone, and the cartilage that is a structural part of most joints.

A. Functions of the skeleton

1. Some bones contain and protect the red bone marrow a

hematopoietic tissue that produces the blood cells.

2. Bones are a storage site for excess calcium (mineral), which is

important for blood clotting as well as bone structure.

3. The skeleton is a framework that supports the body. Attached to

the skeleton are the _____________ that move the bones.

4. Some bones protect internal organs from mechanical injury .

 B. Bone tissues

Match the following types and parts of a bone tissue with the proper descriptive statement. Use each
letter once, but two answer lines will have two correct answers.

1. compact bone _______

2. spongy bone _______

3. osteocytes _______

4. bone matrix _______

A. regulate the amount of calcium in the bone matrix E. bone cells

B. made of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate F. contains red bone

C. made of haversian systems marrow

D. contains osteocytes and bone matrix but these are not arranged

in haversian systems

C. Bone Growth and Development

Bone development and growth is referred to as ossification or osteogenesis. There are two
type of bone formation. Differentiate the two and give examples of bones developed through it.

a. intramembranous ossification- Intramembranous ossification is directly converts the

mesenchymal tissue to bone.

Examples: the flat bones of the skull, clavicle, and most of the cranial bones.

b. intracartilagenous ossification- _____________________________________

___________________________________________________________

Examples: _________________________________________________
 D. Classification of Bones

Describe each classification and give examples of bones under each classification

I. Regional Classification

1. Axial Skeleton- ___________________________________________

Examples: __________________________

2. Appendicular Skeleton- _____________________________________

Examples: __________________________

II. Structural Types of Bones (according to shape)

1. Long ___________________________________________________

Examples: __________________________

2. Short ____________________________________________________

Examples: __________________________

3. Flat ____________________________________________________

Examples: __________________________

4. Irregular __________________________________________________

Examples: __________________________

III. Special types of bones

1. Sesamoid bones- ______________________________________

Examples: __________________________

2. Wormian bones- ______________________________________

Examples: __________________________

3. Pneumatic bones- _____________________________________

Examples: __________________________
 E. Cells Found in Bones

Describe each cell by giving their importance in bone development and growth.

1. Osteoprogenitor cells- __________________________________________

2. Osteoblasts- __________________________________________

3. Osteoclasts- __________________________________________

4. Osteocytes- __________________________________________

F. Skeletal Arithmetic

Give the exact number of the bone/ structure listed below:

1. phalanges in each foot- ________

2. phalanges present in the hallux ________

3. carpal bones in the right wrist ________

4. tarsal bones in the left ankle ________

5. lumbar vertebrae ________

6. cervical vertebrae ________

7. bones of the right hip ________

8. hyoid ________

9. true ribs ________

10. floating ribs (pair) ________

11. metacarpals in the right hand ________

12. metatarsals in the left foot ________

13. phalanges in the digiti minimi ________

14. phalanges in the 2nd toe ________

15. occipital bone ________

Explain

1. How is the shape of the hip used by a medical examiner in determining the gender of human
skeleton?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

2. Bones exhibit appositional growth- a growth in width only and not in length. How come that we
grow taller?

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Extend

1. Enumerate and differentiate the different types of joints under each classification

A. Structural Types of Joints B. Functional Types of joints

_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_____________________________
2. Illustrate and label the parts of a long bone. Give the importance of each part.

a. Diaphysis-

b. Epiphyses-

c. Metaphyses-

3. Fracture is a break in the continuity of a bone. Enumerate and describe at least 4 types of fracture.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Evaluate

A. Encircle the letter of your answer.

1. Select the response that is not a function of 3. The type of bone forming the shaft of a long
the skeletal system. bone is

A. protection A. cancellous bone.

B. support B. compact bone.

C. blood cell production C. spongy bone.

D. blood cell destruction D. intramembranous bone.

2. The fibrous membrane covering bones is the 4. In immature bones, the diaphysis is
separated from the epiphyses by a plate of
A. endosteum.
A. cancellous bone.
B. peritoneum.
B. compact bone.
C. periosteum.
C. fibrocartilage.
D. ligament.
D. hyaline cartilage.
 B. two parietal bones.

5. Growth in length of an immature long bone C. parietal and occipital bones.

occurs at
D. parietal and temporal bones.
A. articular cartilage.

B. metaphysis
10. The foramen magnum occurs in the
C. center of the diaphysis.
A. temporal bone.
D. epiphyseal line.
B. sphenoid bone.

C. occipital bone.
6. Intramembranous ossification forms bones of
D. atlas.
the

A. femur.
11. The movable vertebrae of the vertebral
B. skull.
column consists of
C. radius.
A. 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, and 5 lumbar.
D. tibia.
B. 7 cervical, 10 thoracic, and 7 lumbar.

C. 5 cervical, 10 thoracic, and 7 lumbar.

7. Cells depositing bone matrix are
D. 5 cervical, 12 thoracic, and 7 lumbar.
A. osteoblasts.

B. osteoclasts.
12. Vertebrae that articulate with ribs are the
C. osteocytes.
A. cervical vertebrae.
D. chondrocytes.
B. thoracic vertebrae.

C. lumbar vertebrae.
8. Cells that remove bone matrix are
D. sacral vertebra
A. osteoblasts.

B. osteoclasts.

C. ostecytes.

D. chondrocytes.
13. In a normal adult vertebral column, upright
posture produces

9. Cranial bones joined by the sagittal suture are A. 4 curvatures.

the
B. 3 curvatures.
A. frontal and parietal bones.
C. 2 curvatures. D. cubital.

D. no curvatures.

18. The two bones that articulate with the

clavicle are
14. When the head is turned, the
A. scapula and sternum.
A. occipital bone rotates on the atlas.
B. humerus and sternum.
B. occipital bone rotates on the axis.
C. humerus and scapula.
C. atlas rotates on the axis.
D. first rib and scapula.
D. axis rotates on the third cervical vertebra.

19. The number of bones composing the carpus

15. The ribs that are joined directly to the
is
sternum by costal cartilages are the
A. 5. B. 6.
A. false ribs.
C. 7. D. 8.
B. floating ribs.

C. true ribs.
20. The three bones forming a coxal bone
D. cervical ribs.
A. ilium, ischium, and femur.

B. ilium, pubis, and femur.

16. An upper extremity is attached to the trunk
by the C. ilium, ischium, and sacrum.

A. humerus. D. ilium, ischium, and pubis.

B. femur.

C. pectoral girdle.

D. pelvic girdle. 21. The bones forming the knee joint are the

A. femur, tibia, and fibula.

B. femur, tibia, fibula, and patella.

C. femur, tibia, and patella.

17. The forearm bone that forms the point of D. femur and tibia.
the elbow is the

A. humerus.
22. The bones forming an immovable joint
B. radius.
A. scapula and humerus.
C. ulna.
B. parietal and temporal bones.

C. tibia and femur.

D. adjacent vertebrae.

23. The bones forming a slightly movable joint

are the

A. scapula and humerus.

B. parietal and temporal bones.

C. tibia and femur.

D. adjacent vertebrae.

24. The bones forming a freely movable hinge

joint are

A. scapula and humerus.

B. adjacent carpals.

C. tibia and femur.

D. adjacent vertebrae.
Name: ___________________________ Rating: ______

Section: ______________ Date: ________

Graphic Organizer 6

Intramembranous Versus Intracartilagenous Ossification

How are they alike?

How ado they differ from each other?

Examples of bones formed through each process