AIR FORCE DOCTRINE NOTE 1-21

空军理论附注 1-21

AGILE COMBAT
EMPLOYMENT
敏捷作战就业
23 August 2022
2022 年 8 月 23 日
 AIR FORCE DOCTRINE NOTE 1-21
空军理论附注 1-21

AGILE COMBAT EMPLOYMENT

敏捷作战就业
23 August 2022
2022 年 8 月 23 日
From its founding, the US Air Force has been tasked with projecting combat power
across the globe. Historically, it has relied on a combination of continental US and
overseas air bases to allow for relatively uncontested movement and operational reach
to posture and employ forces and capabilities. However, since the Cold War ended, the
Air Force has significantly reduced its global footprint. From 93 air bases during World
War II, the Air Force presently maintains 33 permanent overseas air bases 1, a 65%
reduction. This reduction challenges the Air Force’s ability to project power and
simultaneously concentrates friendly high value assets for potential adversary action.

美国空军从成立之日起就担负着在全球范围内投射作战力量的任务。从历史上看，它依赖
于美国大陆和海外空军基地的结合，以允许相对没有争议的移动和作战范围来部署和使用
部队和能力。然而，自冷战结束以来，空军已经大大减少了其在全球的足迹。在第二次世
界大战期间的 93 个空军基地中，空军目前维持着 33 架永久的海外航空 bases1 ，减少
65%。这一削减挑战了空军投射力量的能力，同时也为潜在的对手行动集中了友好的高价
值资产。
Concurrently with the global footprint reduction, adversarial technological advances in
pervasive intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance and all-domain long-range fires
have placed air bases at significantly increased risk. Just as the Soviets placed Cold
War bases in Europe at risk, new weapons systems now place bases at risk that were
previously considered sanctuaries. Additionally, fiscal and political constraints limit the
establishment of new permanent air bases. To address these challenges, the Air Force
introduced Agile Combat Employment (ACE): a proactive and reactive operational
scheme of maneuver executed within threat timelines to increase survivability
while generating combat power.

随着全球足迹的减少，无处不在的情报、监视和侦察以及所有领域的远程火力方面的敌对
技术进步使空军基地面临的风险大大增加。就像苏联把欧洲的冷战基地置于危险之中一
样，新的武器系统现在把基地置于以前被认为是避难所的危险之中。此外，财政和政治限
制限制了新的永久空军基地的建立。为了应对这些挑战，空军引入了敏捷战斗就业
(ACE)：一种主动和被动的作战方式。机动方案 在威胁时限内执行，以提高生存能力，同
时产生战斗力。
When applied correctly, ACE complicates the enemy’s targeting process, creates
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political and operational dilemmas for the enemy, and creates flexibility for friendly
forces. To effectively accomplish joint force commander objectives, ACE requires
reexamining a wide variety of enabling systems, to include: command and control (C2),
logistics under attack, counter-small unmanned aircraft systems, air and missile
defense, and offensive and defensive space and cyber capabilities.

如果使用得当，ACE 会使敌人的瞄准过程复杂化，为敌人制造政治和作战困境，并为友
军创造灵活性。为了有效地完成联合部队指挥官的目标，ACE 需要重新检查各种使能系
统，包括：指挥和控制(C2)、受攻击的后勤、反小型无人驾驶飞机系统、防空和导弹防御
以及攻防空间和网络能力。
ACE is an operational concept that supports joint all-domain operations (JADO). Joint
force operations are increasingly interconnected, interdependent, and challenged. Anti-
access and area denial threats, reduced freedom of maneuver, and rapid proliferation of
advanced technologies challenge the Air Force’s ability to operate. The successful
employment of ACE positions the force to observe, orient, decide, and act in concert
across all domains. To achieve freedom of action, ACE enables convergence across

Ace 是支持联合所有域操作的操作概念(Jado)。)。联合部队行动日益相互关联、相互依
存并受到挑战。反进入和区域拒绝威胁，减少机动自由，以及先进技术的迅速扩散，对空
军的作战能力提出了挑战。ACE 的成功应用使其能够在所有领域内进行观察、定位、决
定和协同行动。为了实现行动自由，ACE 允许跨

1
Department of Defense, Base Structure Report – Fiscal Year 2018 Baseline (Washington, DC: Deputy
Assistant Secretary of Defense [Infrastructure], 2018).
1
国防部，基地结构报告-2018 年财政年度基线(华盛顿特区：国防部副助理部长[基础设施]，2018 年)。

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domains, presenting an adversary with dilemmas at an operational tempo that
complicates or negates adversary responses and enables the joint force to operate
inside the adversary’s decision-making cycle.
域，以操作的速度呈现出具有两难处境的对手，使对手的反应复杂化或被否定，并使联合
部队能够在对手的决策周期内运作。
“The best place to kill an enemy’s air force is on the ground. Especially if that air force is
postured in bases that are few in number and lack passive defenses — such as shelters
and decoys — and active defenses such as kinetic and non- kinetic interceptors,
electronic warfare, and directed-energy weapons that can help counter these air and
missile threats.”
“杀死敌人空军的最佳地点是地面。特别是如果空军在数量较少且缺乏被动防御的基地 (如掩
体和诱饵 )和主动防御 (如动能和非动能拦截器、电子战和定向能源武器 )进行攻击，这些武
器可以帮助应对这些空中和导弹威胁。“
-- Mark Gunzinger
Director of Government Programs and War Gaming,
Mitchell Institute for Aerospace Studies
-马克·冈辛格，米切尔
航天研究所政府方案和战争游戏主任
This doctrine note is intended to guide the development of ACE within Air Force
operational doctrine. It establishes working definitions and a framework for ACE
doctrine development. It includes an overview of evolving doctrine topics and provides
the starting point for Airmen to codify best practices for ACE. This doctrine note focuses
on ACE enablers and the ACE framework. It lays the foundation for the future
development of ACE doctrine, aligns with the joint functions, and focuses on planning,
execution, and assessment for operations executed from competition through conflict.
本理论说明旨在指导空军作战理论中 ACE 的发展。它为 ACE 理论的发展确立了工作定义
和框架。它包括一个不断发展的理论主题的概述，并为 Airmen 提供了编纂 ACE 最佳实践
的起点。本理论说明的重点是 ACE 使能器和 ACE 框架。它为 ACE 理论的未来发展奠定
了基础，与联合职能相一致，并侧重于从冲突中通过竞争执行业务的规划、执行和评估。

DEFINITIONS OF KEY TERMS

关键术语的定义
Agile: Able to outpace adversary action through movement and maneuver to achieve
commander’s intent.

敏捷：能够通过移动和机动超过对手的行动，以达到指挥官的意图。
Agile Combat Employment: A proactive and reactive operational scheme of maneuver
executed within threat timelines to increase resiliency and survivability while generating
combat power.

敏捷战斗雇佣：一种在威胁时限内执行的主动和反应的机动操作方案，以提高弹性和生存
能力，同时产生战斗力量。
Base cluster: A base cluster is a collection of bases, geographically grouped for mutual
protection and ease of C2.2

基本集群：一个基础集群是一个基础集合，地理上是为相互保护和 C2 的方便而分组
的。2
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Within the context of ACE, base clusters typically involve the organization of an
enduring location with one or more contingency locations (CLs) to establish a regional
boundary, wherein the enduring location commander commands one or more CLs with
appropriate authorities to direct their activities.

在 ACE 的范围内，基地集群通常涉及组织一个具有一个或多个应急地点 (CLS)的持久位

置，以建立区域边界，其中持久的位置指挥官命令一个或多个 CLS 和适当的权限来指导
他们的活动。
Conditions Based Authorities: A published set of authorities that are delegated down
the chain of command from one commander to another, to be activated only when
specified conditions are met.

以条件为基础的授权：一组已公布的权力，从一名指挥官下放到另一名指挥官，只有在满
足特定条件时才能启动。

2
DoD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms, November 2021.
2
国防部军事及相关术语词典，2021 年 11 月。

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Hub and spoke distribution: A physical distribution system, in which a major port
serves as a central point from which cargo is moved to and from several radiating points
to increase transportation efficiencies and in-transit visibility.3
集线器和轮辐配送系统：一种物流系统，其中一个主要港口作为货物进出几个辐射点的
中心点，以提高运输效率和运输中的能见度。3
Mission Command: An approach to C2 that empowers subordinate decision-making
for flexibility, initiative, and responsiveness in the accomplishment of commander’s
intent.4

任务指挥：C2 的一种方法，它赋予下级决策以灵活性、主动性和响应能力，以实现指挥
官的意图。4
The core principles of mission command are: build teams through mutual trust, create
shared understanding, provide clear commander’s intent, use mission-type orders
(MTO) when appropriate, exercise disciplined initiative, and accept prudent risk. Airmen
execute mission command through centralized command, distributed control, and
decentralized execution.

任务指挥的核心原则是：通过相互信任建立团队，建立共同的理解，提供明确的指挥官意
图，在适当的情况下使用任务型命令(MTO)，执行严格的主动行动，并接受谨慎的风险。
飞行员通过集中指挥、分散控制和分散执行来执行任务。
Multi-Capable Airmen (MCA): Airmen trained in expeditionary skills and capable of
accomplishing tasks outside of their core Air Force specialty.

多能力飞行员(MCA)：受过远征军技能训练的飞行员，能够在他们的空军核心专长之外完
成任务。
Specifically, these personnel are often trained as a cross-functional team to provide
support to ACE force elements. They are enabled by cross-utilization training and can
operate as part of a team in an expeditionary environment to accomplish mission
objectives within acceptable levels of risk.

具体来说，这些人员往往被训练成一个跨职能的团队，为王牌战士提供支持。通过交叉使
用培训，它们可以作为远征环境中团队的一部分，在可接受的风险范围内完成任务目标。
Proactive Maneuver: A scheme of maneuver by which forces and assets are moved
between operating locations (see appendix) to assure allies and partner nations of US
support, alter adversary or enemy understanding of friendly intentions and capabilities,
posture to deter aggression, or gain advantage.

主动机动：一种在作战地点之间移动部队和资产的机动计划(见附录)，以确保盟国和伙伴
国得到美国的支持，改变对手或敌人对友好意图和能力的理解，改变遏制侵略的姿态，
或获取优势。
Reactive Maneuver: A scheme of maneuver employed in response to observed,
perceived, anticipated, or realized enemy aggression using mobility and dispersion of
forces and assets to complicate enemy targeting, redistribute forces away from
concentrated hubs, increase survivability, and reposition forces for follow-on operations.

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反应机动：针对观察到的、感知的、预期的或实现的敌人侵略而使用的机动方案，使用机
动和分散兵力和资产使敌人的目标更加复杂，将部队从集中的中心重新分配，提高生存能
力，并为后续行动重新部署部队。
Threat Timelines: Theater-specific planning factors based on the time required for an
adversary to accomplish its find, fix, track, target, engage, and assess cycle.

威胁时间表战区特定的计划因素，基于一个对手完成其发现、修复、跟踪、目标、参与和
评估周期所需的时间。
Note: The above definitions are derived from a variety of sources and are placed here to
facilitate further discussion. Their establishment in Service and joint doctrine varies.
Though doctrinal, they may evolve as knowledge and understanding of ACE operations
progresses.

注：上述定义来自各种来源，放在这里是为了便于进一步讨论。他们在服役和联合学说中
的建立各不相同。虽然理论上，他们可能会随着对 ACE 操作的知识和理解的进步而发
展。

HOW IS ACE DIFFERENT?

ACE 有什么不同？
The US may face adversaries capable of wielding a disruptive and dangerous
operational reach with mass, precision, and speed in all domains. Adversaries can
challenge our ability to project power from enduring locations, often large and
centralized physical structures with unprotected infrastructure. To address this threat,
ACE shifts operations from centralized physical infrastructures to a network of smaller,
dispersed locations that

美国可能面临着能够在所有领域以大规模、精确和快速的速度运用破坏性和危险的作战手
段的对手。对手可以挑战我们的能力，从持久的地点投射力量，通常是大型和集中的物理
结构，没有保护的基础设施。为了应对这一威胁，ACE 将业务从集中的物理基础设施转
移到由较小、分散的地点组成的网络中

3
DoD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms, November 2021.
3
国防部军事及相关术语词典，2021 年 11 月。
4
Air Force Doctrine Publication-1, The Air Force.
4
空军理论出版物-1 空军。

6
can complicate adversary planning and provide more options for joint force
commanders. Its value is derived from the ability to hold adversary targets at risk from
multiple locations
可以使敌人的计划复杂化，并为联合部队指挥官提供更多的选择。它的价值来源于能够将
来自多个地点的敌人目标置于危险之中

that are defensible, sustainable, and relocatable. Airmen should expect to conduct
operations at a speed, scope, complexity, and scale exceeding recent campaigns from
distributed locations.
这是可防御的，可持续的，可重新定位的。飞行员应该期望以超过最近从分布地点进行的
战役的速度、范围、复杂性和规模来进行作战。

ACE ENABLERS
ACE 使能器
Freedom of action and decision advantage can be achieved by forcing complex target
situations to create multiple adversary dilemmas. This deters aggression and enables
the US to defend and win in conflict.5 ACE achieves this through the following
enablers:
行动自由和决策优势可以通过强迫复杂的目标情境来制造多个对手的困境来实现。这就阻
止了侵略，使美国能够在冲突中捍卫并赢得胜利。 5 ACE 通过以下增强器实现了这一目
标：
 Expeditionary and Multi-Capable Airmen.

 远征军和多能力空军。
 Mission command.

 任务指挥部。

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 Tailorable force packages.

 可裁剪的部队包。
EXPEDITIONARY AND MULTI-CAPABLE AIRMEN

远征军和多能力飞行员
The Air Force must refocus on the expeditionary skills necessary to operate outside of
enduring locations. Many Airmen must have diverse foundational skills that enable them
to operate in a contested, degraded, and operationally limited (CDO) environment with
minimal support. Leaders mitigate risk to force by training Airmen to execute distributed
operations that increase survivability while generating combat power.

空军必须重新重视远征技能，以便在持久的地点之外作战。许多空军人员必须具备多样化
的基本技能，使他们能够在一个有争议、退化和行动受限(CDO)的环境中工作，并得到最
低限度的支持。领导者通过训练空军人员执行分布式作战来降低使用武力的风险，这样可
以在产生战斗力的同时提高生存能力。
ACE teams consist of unit-assigned multi-capable Airmen. These teams are tailored
portions of force packages able to provide mission generation (MG), command and
control, and base operating support (BOS) as the mission dictates. Functional

Ace 团队由多个能力的空军组成.这些团队是根据任务规定提供任务生成(MG)、指挥和控
制以及基地操作支持(BOS)的部队组合中的特定部分。功能
5
COMUSAFE Public Affairs preparation for Military.com interview, 4 May 2020.
5
COMUSAFE 公共事务部准备接受 Military.com 采访，2020 年 5 月 4 日。

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communities must identify how to minimize equipment and personnel footprints to
increase dispersal capabilities and complicate adversary targeting. The use of MCAs
can reduce the number of people who must be put in harm’s way to generate airpower
relative to traditional manning models.
社区必须确定如何尽量减少装备和人员足迹，以增加分散能力，并使敌方目标更加复杂。
与传统的人员配置模式相比，MCAS 的使用可以减少必须以危害方式产生空中动力的人
数。
MISSION COMMAND
特派团指挥
In future peer conflicts, the US should not expect to achieve the air supremacy it
enjoyed in recent low intensity operations. Rather, it is more likely that every domain will
be contested and characterized by fluctuating levels of superiority. By empowering
subordinates at the lowest capable level to make decisions and take decisive action at
their level, mission command provides the flexibility and agility required to seize
opportunities despite enemy denial or degradation of communications.

在未来的同侪冲突中，美国不应指望实现其在近期低强度作战中享有的制空权。相反，更
有可能的是，每一个领域都会有争议，并呈现出波动的特征优势等级。通过授权能力最低
的下属在其一级作出决定和采取决定性行动，特派团指挥部提供了所需的灵活性和灵活
性，以抓住机会，尽管敌人拒绝或削弱通信。
To actualize mission command and its precepts, USAF leaders must expand their
operational perspective beyond their role in executing the air tasking order. Through
clear communication of commander’s intent, Airmen must develop a detailed
understanding of the area of operations and how the senior commander envisions
winning the fight. Requisite details include: enemy situation, friendly situation, joint force
and air component operational priorities, phasing and sequencing of the operation,
logistical and sustainment priorities, delegated authorities, and overall risk
management. These details are contained in mission-type orders (MTOs), starting with
a standard 5-paragraph operations order (OPORD) to provide a snapshot of the
commander’s intent. The OPORD communicates the purpose of the operation, desired
end states, the method designed to conduct it, and the resources available for
execution. Armed with this shared understanding, subordinate leaders can make
effective decisions consistent with commander’s intent even if they’ve lost contact with
higher echelons. Properly implemented, commander’s intent should align subordinate
unit efforts and enable the fight to continue with unity of purpose until updated
information is received.

为了执行任务指挥及其戒律，美援部队领导人必须扩大其行动视野，而不仅仅是执行空中
任务指令。通过明确传达指挥官的意图，空军必须对作战区域和高级指挥官如何赢得战斗
的设想有一个详细的了解。必要的细节包括：敌人的情况、友好的局势、联合部队和空中
部分的行动优先事项、行动的分阶段和顺序、后勤和维持优先事项、授权和总体风险管
理。这些细节包含在任务型命令(MTO)中，从标准的五段操作命令(OPORD)开始，以提
供指挥官意图的快照。OPORD 通信操作的目的、期望的结束状态、用于执行操作的方法
以及可用于执行的资源。有了这种共同的理解，下属领导就可以做出符合指挥官意图的有
效决定，即使他们已经失去了与上级的联系。如果执行得当，指挥官的意图应该是协调下
属单位的努力，使战斗能够以统一的目的继续进行，直到收到最新的信息。
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TAILORABLE FORCE PACKAGES

裁剪部队包
To meet theater requirements, ACE requires tailorable force packages with the ability to
execute across a range of operating locations. Force structure and unit type codes
(UTCs) must be designed to enhance agility while also balancing risk to mission and
force. Functional communities work with commanders to define ACE force packages
that will be reflected in existing, new, or updated UTCs.

为了满足战区的要求，ACE 需要可裁剪的部队包，能够在一系列操作地点执行任务。部
队结构和单位类型代码(UTCs)的设计必须提高敏捷性，同时也要平衡任务和部队的风
险。职能团体与指挥官合作，定义王牌战士软件包，这些包将反映在现有的、新的或更新
的 UTCs 中。
"To generate combat power from a number of locations to create dilemmas for an adversary...I just need a
runway, a ramp, a weapons trailer, a fuel bladder, and a pallet of [Meals, Ready-to-Eat]. That’s maybe a little
bit bold, but the
“为了从多个地点产生战斗力量，为对手制造困境……我只需要一个跑道，一个斜坡，一个武器拖车，一个燃料
囊，和一个托盘(就餐，即食)。”这也许有点大胆，但是
point is, we’ve got to be light, lean and agile.”
重点是，我们必须轻盈，精益和敏捷。“

-- General CQ Brown, Jr., Chief of Staff of the Air Force

-小 CQ Brown 将军，空军参谋长
Remarks to Air Force Association Air, Space, and Cyberspace Conference
在空军协会空中、空间和网络空间会议上的讲话
as Commander, Pacific Air Forces, September 2019
担任太平洋空军指挥官，2019 年 9 月

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ACE FRAMEWORK
ACE 框架
To provide a common lexicon with joint partners, ACE consists of five core elements:
posture, C2, movement and maneuver, protection, and sustainment. The latter four
align with the joint functions. Together with the remaining joint functions (information,
intelligence, and fires), the five core elements form the whole of ACE’s operational
framework.

ACE 由五个核心要素组成：姿态、C2、动作和机动、保护和维持。后四个对齐联合功
能。连同其余的联合职能(信息、情报和火灾)，五个核心要素构成了 ACE 的整个业务框
架。
POSTURE

体态
Posture is intrinsically tied to all other elements. It is the starting position from which
subsequent actions take place. Forces must be able to rapidly execute operations
from various locations with integrated capabilities and interoperability across the
core functions. When executed properly, posture establishes a deterrent to conflict by
being strategically predictable, but operationally unpredictable. An effectively tailored
posture provides commanders with expanded force employment options and mitigates
operational risk. It enhances defensive posture by increasing the scope and scale of
friendly force locations, boosts deterrence to adversary aggression, and assures allies
by presenting a credible combat force.

姿势与所有其他因素有着内在的联系。这是采取后续行动的起始位置。部队必须能够以综
合能力和跨核心功能的互操作性从不同地点快速执行操作。如果执行得当，态势将通过战
略上可预测、但在操作上不可预测的方式，确立对冲突的威慑。有效定制的态势为指挥官
提供了更多的部队就业选择，并减轻了行动风险。它通过扩大友军地点的范围和规模来加
强防御态势，加强对对手侵略的威慑，并通过提供一支可信的战斗部队来确保盟友的安
全。
Posture redistributes both theater-assigned and follow-on forces to positions of
advantage to best support operations plan execution. Enduring locations should be
robust and should have the ability to support further dispersion to smaller CLs while
maintaining integrated capabilities and interoperability across MG, C2, and BOS
functions.

态势重新分配战区分配和后续部队到有利的位置，以最佳支持行动计划的执行。持久的位
置应该是健壮的，并且应该能够支持进一步分散到更小的 CLS，同时保持 MG、C2 和
BOS 功能之间的集成能力和互操作性。
Operational unpredictability is enabled through the agility of forces across pre-postured
locations, increasing the number of locations an adversary must target. The increased
number of dispersed locations presents adversaries with challenges from the tactical to
the strategic level. It does this politically through nation agreements and financially by
increasing the numerical offensive capability required to achieve intended effects.

11
行动的不可预见性是通过灵活的部队跨越前的地点，增加了敌人必须瞄准的地点的数量。
分散地点数量的增加给对手带来了从战术到战略层面的挑战。它通过国家协议和财政手段
在政治上做到这一点，增加了达到预期效果所需的数量进攻能力。
Operational locations should be identified based on the ability to support warfighting
requirements and sustainment opportunities while balancing risk to force. Risk to force
may prohibit massing personnel at locations inside enemy weapon engagement zones
(e.g., unconventional ground forces, small unmanned aircraft systems [sUAS], ballistic
missiles, cruise missiles, and hypersonic weapons). Risk management is critical to
balance survivability with combat operations tempo by stationing forces at varying
proximities to the fight and associated threats. Providing the flexibility to rapidly reroute
forces and equipment inbound to the theater is critical to successful ACE.

应根据支持作战需求和维持机会的能力来确定作战地点，同时平衡部队的风险。武力的危
险可能禁止在敌方武器接触区内的地点集结人员(例如非常规地面部队、小型无人驾驶飞
机系统、弹道导弹、巡航导弹和高超音速武器)。风险管理是平衡生存能力和作战行动节
奏的关键，办法是在与战斗和相关威胁密切相关的不同地区部署部队。提供灵活性，迅速
重新安排部队和设备进入战区，是成功的 ACE 的关键。
Access, basing, and overflight are essential to the successful application of ACE.
Theater operational planners should focus ACE efforts in day-to-day operations and
activities on strengthening alliances through trust, and increasing partner capacity and
capabilities. Planners should also understand partner nation access agreements, and
may seek opportunities to increase the number and range of those aggreements
through a “whole of government” approach. To achieve optimal sourcing decisions and
enable ACE objectives, planners should consider acquisition and cross-servicing
agreements, host- nation support agreements, and integration of operational contract
support equities

访问、基地和飞越是 ACE 成功应用的关键。战区行动计划人员应将 ACE 在日常业务和活

动中的工作重点放在通过信任加强联盟，并提高合作伙伴的能力和能力上。规划者还应了
解伙伴国准入协议，并可能寻求机会，通过“整个政府”办法扩大这些年龄组的数量和范
围。为了实现最佳的采购决策并实现 ACE 目标，规划者应考虑收购和跨服务协议、东道
国支持协议以及业务合同支持权益的整合

12
across the air component command staff functions. As the quality and quantity of
operational locations increase, ACE exponentially increases both the operational
advantage to friendly forces as well as the political and operational dilemma for
adversaries.
整个空中部门指挥人员的职能。随着作战地点的质量和数量的增加， ACE 成倍地增加了
友军的作战优势以及对手的政治和作战困境。
Distributed operations will exist on a spectrum, from well-developed enduring locations
to potentially austere CLs. To ensure support to distributed forces, it is vital to
understand the local and regional market’s capacity to source critical operational
requirements. When developing a new CL, planners should consider referencing multi-
Service tactics, techniques, and procedures for airfield opening 6 to determine planning
considerations and improvements required. Infrastructure improvements and associated
prepositioning of materiel at distributed operating locations may be necessary to ensure
respective theater plans are executable. Required capability development includes:

分布式业务将在一个频谱上存在，从发展完善的持久位置到潜在的严峻的 CLS。为了确
保向分散的部队提供支助，必须了解当地和区域市场的能力，以获取关键的业务需求。在
开发新的 CL 时，规划人员应考虑参考机场的多服务策略、技术和程序 opening6 确定所
需的规划考虑和改进。基础设施的改进和在分布式作业地点对物资的相关预置可能是必要
的，以确保各自的战区计划是可执行的。所需的能力发展包括：
 Equipment and supply pre-positioning.

 设备及供应预置.
 Scalable logistics packages.

 可伸缩的物流包。
 Access to forward operating sites, including partner military and civil airfields.

 进入前方作业地点，包括伙伴军事和民用机场。
 Resilient communications to function in contested, degraded, or operationally limited
(CDO-L) environments.

 弹性通信在有争议、退化或操作受限(CDO-L)环境中发挥作用.
 A force optimized for large scale combat operations in a contested environment.

 在竞争环境中为大规模作战行动而优化的一支部队。
COMMAND AND CONTROL (C2)

指挥和控制(C2)
Commanders in any conflict require the ability to conduct C2 across domains. The C2
challenges presented in this doctrine note are not unique to ACE. These challenges
exist in all large scale combat operations, but are complicated further when forces
disperse from enduring locations. Centralized command, distributed control, and
decentralized execution provide the framework for the C2 of ACE. 7 Airmen should be
13
able to translate C2 information into action with sufficient speed and scale, regardless of
the operational environment. Airmen should be trained and equipped to employ
communications equipment to support distributed operations.

任何冲突中的指挥官都需要跨域指挥 C2 的能力。本理论说明中提出的 C2 挑战并不是

ACE 独有的。这些挑战在所有大规模作战行动中都存在，但当部队从持久地点分散时，
这些挑战就更加复杂。集中式命令、分布式控制和分散执行为 ACE 的 C2 提供了框架。7
无论操作环境如何，飞行员都应该能够以足够的速度和规模将 C2 信息转化为行动。空军
人员应接受培训并配备设备，以便使用通信设备来支持分布式作战。
Joint all-domain command and control (JADC2) and mission command enable Airmen
and joint partners to gain operational advantage, maintain operational effectiveness,
and achieve convergence of effects across domains. This is accomplished via the
communication of commander’s intent through issuance of MTOs in conjunction with
delegated and conditions-based authorities, allowing operational commanders to
generate combat airpower in a CDO-L environment. It should be expected and
anticipated that force elements conducting ACE will lose connectivity with operational
C2; therefore it is imperative that units be trained to operate via commander’s intent with
limited direction from air operations centers or air component staffs. Plans must be
flexible and

联合全域指挥和控制(JADC 2)和任务指挥使空军人员和联合伙伴能够获得作战优势，保
持作战效能，并实现跨领域效果的趋同。这是通过传达指挥官的意图来实现的，它与授权
的和基于条件的授权一起发布了 MTO，允许作战指挥官在 CDO-L 环境中产生作战空军力
量。应该预期和预期，指挥 ACE 的部队将失去与作战 C2 的连接；因此，必须对部队进
行训练，使其能够通过指挥官的意图从空中行动中心或空中组成部分工作人员有限的指导
下进行操作。计划必须是灵活的

6
Air Force Tactics, Techniques and Procedures 3-2.68, Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and
Procedures for Airfield Opening. Common access card-enabled site.
6
空军战术、技术和程序 3-2.68 多服务策略、技术和 机场开放的程序。公共访问卡启用站点。
7
AFDP-1.
7
AFDP-1

14
commander’s intent must provide the latitude needed to adapt to changing
circumstances not foreseen beforehand. In situations where communications are
degraded and forces lack continuous contact with higher echelon commands, Airmen
should execute in alignment with commander’s intent to protect and preserve the force.
Additionally, they should take advantage of emergent opportunities which allow forces
to maintain the initiative, and resolve situations locally based on a subordinate
commander’s own situational awareness. Codification of conditions-based authorities
and delegated authorities will maximize the advantages provided by emergent
opportunities.
指挥官的意图必须提供必要的空间，以适应事先没有预见到的不断变化的情况。在通讯恶
化和部队缺乏与上级指挥的持续接触的情况下，空军人员应该按照指挥官保护和保护部队
的意图执行任务。此外，他们应利用紧急机会，使部队能够保持主动权，并根据下属指挥
官自己的情况意识，在当地解决情况。以条件为基础的权力和授权的编纂将最大限度地利
用出现的机会所带来的好处。
JADO requires command authorities to be flexible and responsive to battlespace
changes with respect to time, geography, communications, and command relationships.
Because of distributed control’s inherent complexity, specified elements of operational,
tactical, and administrative control should be developed early, adapted to the situation,
and exercised during day-to-day cooperative and competitive activities. Within this
construct, effective ACE requires significant coordination across Service component
commanders and industry partners to organize efficiently. These relationships and
agreements should be established and rehearsed well ahead of any potential conflict.
To contend with CDO-L environments, command authorities should be delegated to the
lowest appropriate level. In an ACE scheme of maneuver, distributed control drives
additional planning and coordination requirements at echelons below the operational
level. Forces should have information that enables them to understand the current and
expected threat environment, the overall plan, their role within it, status of forces,
available support relationships, and the means to be used for coordinating actions at the
times and places required. Leveraging advances in automated systems from mission
and industry partners (e.g., artificial intelligence, automation, and augmentation and
human-machine teaming) will play an important role in managing the increased
workload.8

Jado 要求指挥当局对战舰空间在时间、地理、通信和指挥关系方面的变化作出灵活的反
应。由于分布式控制的固有复杂性，在日常的合作和竞争活动中，应尽早开发、适应环
境、进行特定的作战、战术和行政控制。在此结构中，有效的 ACE 需要跨服务组件指挥
官和行业合作伙伴之间的重要协调，以有效地进行组织。这些关系和协议应在任何潜在冲
突之前建立和排练。为了应对 CDO-L 的环境，应将指挥权限下放到最低的适当级别.在
ACE 机动方案中，分散控制在操作级别以下的梯级上驱动额外的计划和协调需求。部队
应掌握信息，使他们能够了解当前和预期的威胁环境、总体计划、其在其中的作用、部队
状况、现有的支助关系以及在必要的时间和地点协调行动的手段。利用任务和行业合作伙
伴在自动化系统方面的进步(例如人工智能、自动化、增强和人机协同)将在管理增加的工
作量方面发挥重要作用。8
JADC2 facilitates the unification of efforts across all domains to exploit the advantages
of joint and partner nation capabilities, providing mission commanders an ability to
rapidly develop, execute, or transition between kill chains to overwhelm adversary
defenses and present the enemy with multiple dilemmas. Enhanced all-domain
15
awareness, data sharing initiatives, and synchronization of forces translates decision
advantage into operational advantage. Mission command supports combat
effectiveness during the inevitable fog and friction of war.

JADC 2 有助于统一所有领域的努力，以利用联合国家能力和伙伴国家能力的优势，使特
派团指挥官能够迅速发展、执行或在杀戮链之间过渡，以压倒敌人的防御，并使敌人面临
多重困境。增强全域感知、数据共享和部队同步，将决策优势转化为作战优势 .在战争不
可避免的迷雾和摩擦中，任务指挥部支持战斗力。
Redundant and resilient C2 methods enable effective ACE execution. ACE requires
communications that are mobile, survivable, secure, and sustainable across the
electromagnetic spectrum to provide access to DOD networks and voice services in a
CDO-L environment. When communications are challenged, commanders and
subordinates should be prepared to execute pre-established multi-modal primary,
alternate, contingency, and emergency plans. Exercises have demonstrated that
codified active reporting procedures aid a commander’s battlespace awareness in a
CDO-L environment.

冗余和弹性 C2 方法能够有效地执行 ACE。ACE 需要移动、可生存、安全和可持续的跨

电磁频谱的通信，以便在 CDO-L 环境中提供对国防部网络和语音服务的访问。当通信受
到挑战时，指挥官和下属应该准备好执行预先制定的多模式主要、备用、应急和应急计
划。演习表明，成文的主动报告程序有助于指挥官在 CDO-L 环境下的战舰空间意识。

8
AFDP 3-99, The Department of the Air Force Role in Joint All-Domain Operations.
8
AFDP 3-99 空军在联合全域作战中的作用。

16
MOVEMENT AND MANEUVER
运动与机动
ACE provides greater agility and ability to outpace an adversary’s action through
movement and maneuver to achieve and fight from positions of advantage. Agility is
capable of disrupting an adversary’s decision cycle by creating multiple dilemmas with
which they must contend.

ACE 通过移动和机动提供了更大的灵活性和能力，可以通过移动和机动来超越对手的行
动，从而实现和从优势位置进行战斗。敏捷性能够打破对手的决策周期，造成他们必须面
对的多重困境。
Maneuver includes expansion of operational footprints and access throughout the
theater to provide flexibility, deter adversaries, and support partners and allies. ACE
maneuver includes movement of forces to predetermined, dispersed locations and flow
of dispersed forces back to an enduring location. The maneuver of forces in this manner
is intended to enhance MG efficiency and simplify sustainment. It can provide the ability
to push combat and support elements forward for limited periods of time to accomplish
offensive objectives.

演习包括扩大作战足迹和进入整个战区，以提供灵活性，威慑对手，并支持合作伙伴和盟
友。Ace 机动包括将力移动到预定的、分散的位置，以及分散的力量返回持久的位置。这
种方式的机动是为了提高 MG 的效率和简化维持。它能够提供在有限的时间内推动战斗和
支援部队完成进攻目标的能力。
Dispersal operations complicate enemy targeting by either redistributing forces to
multiple operating locations or redistributing forces within an established air base. Once
dispersed, friendly forces maintain operational momentum via distributed control and
mission command principles. Dispersal operations are augmented with other passive
defense measures, such as hardening and camouflage.

分散行动通过将部队重新分配到多个作战地点或在已建立的空军基地内重新分配部队，使
敌人的目标更加复杂。友好部队一旦分散，就通过分散控制和特派团指挥原则保持行动势
头。分散行动通过其他被动防御措施得到加强，如硬化和伪装。
ACE maneuver requires prioritization and sufficient coordination of theater assigned and
inter-theater transportation to move the force at the proper time and with sufficient
tempo to achieve desired effects. Early planning and posturing can ensure airlift, ground
movement, and sealift are employed with sufficient quantity, speed, and flexibility.
Properly integrated into the planning cycle, operational contract support planners can
provide optimized sourcing recommendations and options for the use of commercial
support to reduce air, ground, and sea transportation requirements. Dispersal plans
from specific enduring locations to dispersed locations should be incorporated into
theater operation plans to permit adequate equipment and personnel posturing as well
as time phased force deployment data development.

Ace 机动需要对指定的战区和战区间的运输进行优先和充分的协调，以便在适当的时间和
以足够的速度移动部队，以达到预期的效果。早期的计划和姿态可以确保空运、地面移动
和海运都有足够的数量、速度和灵活性。适当地纳入规划周期，业务合同支助规划人员可
以为利用商业支助减少空中、地面和海上运输需求提供优化的采购建议和备选方案。应将
17
从特定持久地点分散到分散地点的分散计划纳入战区行动计划，以便有足够的设备和人员
摆姿势，以及分阶段编制部队部署数据。
For ACE to remain viable, ACE maneuver must be prioritized. Normally, the combatant
commander retains control of theater assigned transportation assets. However,
exercises have validated that organic transportation within a base cluster increases
agility. This is accomplished with CCMD assigned or attached mobility forces through
delegation of OPCON or TACON to the lowest applicable level, often to the Air
Expeditionary Wing (AEW). Utilizing the hub and spoke distribution methodology,
moving cargo between an enduring location (hub) and a CL (spoke), organic
transportation increases the flexibility and agility of forces within an AEW's base cluster.
It provides commanders maximum flexibility to rapidly maneuver forces and materiel
based on each CL’s need.

要使 ACE 保持活力，必须优先考虑 ACE 策略。通常，战斗指挥官保留对战区分配的运输

资产的控制。然而，练习已经证实，在一个基础集群内的有机运输增加了灵活性。这是与
CCMD 分配或附属机动部队，通过委派 OPCON 或塔肯到最低的适用级别，通常是空中
远征军(AEW)。利用集线器和轮辐分配方法，在一个持久的地点(枢纽)和一个 CL(轮辐)之
间运输货物，有机运输增加了 AEW 基地集群内力量的灵活性和灵活性。它提供指挥官最
大的灵活性，以快速机动部队和物资的基础上，每个 CL 的需要。
PROTECTION

保护
Air bases are no longer considered a sanctuary from attack, regardless of their location.
To stay in the fight, forces must operate in and through contested environments. A
combination of active and passive defenses are necessary to counter threats in all
domains. CL protection requirements, including base defense and defensive counter air

空军基地不再被认为是免受攻击的避难所，不管它们的位置如何。为了留在战斗中，部队
必须在有争议的环境中作战。必须将主动防御和被动防御结合起来，以对抗所有领域的威
胁。保护要求，包括基地防御和防御性对空

18
(DCA), are informed by operational risk assessments, mission requirements, and
available protection capability and capacity. DCA is paramount to protect the force from
present and future threats, including sUAS, cruise missiles, ballistic missiles, and
hypersonic weapons.
(DCA)根据业务风险评估、特派团要求以及现有保护能力和能力进行通报。DCA 对于保
护部队免受当前和未来的威胁至关重要，包括 suas、巡航导弹、弹道导弹和高超音速武
器。
A strategy that implements integrated air and missile defense (IAMD), to include layered
DCA capabilities and robust defensive measures, complicates and frustrates enemy
targeting. Additionally, all installations should be prepared to defend against air; space;
cyberspace; surface-to-surface; chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear; and
ground threats throughout the conflict. Protection strategies enable Airmen to prevent,
protect, mitigate, respond to, and recover from attacks while rapidly reconstituting and
continuing to generate combat airpower throughout.

实施综合防空和导弹防御(IAMD)的战略，包括分层 DCA 能力和强有力的防御措施，使敌

人的目标更加复杂和受挫。此外，所有设施都应准备好在整个冲突期间防御空中、空间、
网络空间、地面对岸、化学、生物、放射性和核辐射以及地面威胁。保护战略使空军人员
能够预防、保护、减轻、应对攻击，并从攻击中恢复过来，同时迅速重建并继续在整个过
程中产生作战空军力量。
Enduring location-focused force protection plans and strategies are insufficient to meet
the needs of short-term or dispersed operations. Preplanned integration of joint or host
nation security assets for dispersed operations is paramount. Additionally, force
protection intelligence support is critical to ACE. Proactively providing planners and
commanders with information enables quality basing and risk mitigation decisions.
Continuance of intelligence and counterintelligence (CI) activities throughout the
competition continuum informs commanders’ risk calculus when executing reactive
maneuver or other protection actions. Air Force intelligence, CI, force protection,
emergency management, and law enforcement entities should leverage existing
relationships with joint and host nation entities to coordinate supplementary force
protection and intelligence support for ACE. Finally, intelligence and CI entities should
work closely with planners and supporting contracting activities to develop and maintain
actionable information related to vendors and contractors in the region, especially
regarding their potential allegiance to and partnership with an adversary.

持久的以地点为中心的部队保护计划和战略不足以满足短期或分散行动的需要。为分散的
行动预先计划合并联合或东道国安全资产至关重要。此外，武力保护智能支持是 ACE 的
关键。积极主动地向规划人员和指挥官提供信息，使其能够作出基于质量和减轻风险的决
策。在整个竞争过程中，情报和反情报(CI)活动的持续进行提醒指挥官在执行反应机动或
其他保护行动时的风险计算。空军情报、CI、部队保护、应急管理和执法实体应利用与联
合和东道国实体的现有关系，协调对 ACE 的补充部队保护和情报支持。最后，情报机构
和 CI 实体应与规划人员和支持订约活动密切合作，以开发和维护与该区域供应商和承包
商有关的可采取行动的信息，特别是关于其对对手的潜在忠诚和伙伴关系的信息。
SUSTAINMENT

维持
19
ACE will challenge current logistics systems and transportation nodes. Supply and
distribution systems need to transform from a fully connected “pull” system, optimized
for efficient operations, to a “push” system that maximizes distributed mission
effectiveness.9 The Air Force should anticipate limitations to standard means of
distribution and transportation, and leverage an adaptive logistics system to support
operations in these environments. Leveraging local and regional commercial markets
can alleviate distribution system stress and provide critical services and equipment to
distributed forces.

ACE 将 挑 战 现 有 的 物 流 系 统 和 运 输 节 点 。 供 应 和 分 配 系 统 需 要 从 一 个 完 全 连 接
的“拉”系统转变为一个为高效运作而优化的“推送”系统，以最大限度地提高分布式任
务的效能。 9 空军应预见标准分配和运输手段的局限性，并利用一个适应性后勤系统来支
持这些环境中的行动。利用当地和区域商业市场可以减轻分销系统的压力，并向分布部队
提供关键的服务和设备。
ACE sustainment requires infrastructure innovation, operationalized war reserve
materiel (WRM), and prepositioned equipment. Operationalizing WRM helps to ensure
its continued viability over time and demonstrates logistical depth. Innovative logistics
and force projection capabilities are required to meet operational ACE needs as
operations grow in scope and scale due to the increase in operating locations.

ACE 维持需要基础设施创新、作战预备役物资(WRM)和预置装备。实施水资源管理有助
于确保其在一段时间内的持续生存能力，并显示其后勤深度。由于业务地点的增加，需要
创新的后勤和部队预测能力，以满足业务需求，因为业务范围和规模都在扩大。

9
A pull system emphasizes efficiency through a “just in time” logistics system, where supplies are pulled
forward on an as-needed basis. Whereas, a push system emphasizes effectiveness, at efficiency’s
expense, by anticipating the need and ensuring supplies are on hand before they are needed.
9
拉动式系统通过“准时”的物流系统强调效率，在这种物流系统中，供应是在需要的基础上向前推进的。
然而，一个推送系统强调有效性，而效率的代价，通过预测需求和确保供应在需要之前就在手头上。

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Current Air Force basing logistics systems are challenged to project, protect, and
sustain the force in a dynamic, contested operational environment.10 The processes of
setting the theater, deploying the force, and maneuvering the force depend on robust,
resilient, and responsive logistics and infrastructure support and must withstand an
adversary’s disruption strategy. To optimize ongoing sustainment, “push” logistics
systems should employ predictive modeling predicated on mission design series (MDS)
and theater- specific data analysis, accounting for variable geographical and
environmental constraints and considerations across a theater. Additionally, analysis of
commonalities between MDS common support equipment limits duplication of effort in
the posture and sustainment of forces. Diversification of sustainment by using multiple
sources such as support agreements and contracted support reduces stress on
traditional logistics systems, contributes to maneuver unpredictability, and uses host
nation resources.
目前空军基地后勤系统面临着在动态、有争议的作战环境中部署、保护和维持部队的挑
战。10 建立战区、部署部队和机动部队的过程取决于强大、有弹性和反应灵敏的后勤和基
础设施支持，必须经受住对手的破坏战略。为了优化持续的维持，“推送”物流系统应该
采用基于任务设计系列(MDS)和特定于战区的数据分析的预测建模，考虑不同的地理和环
境约束以及整个战区的考虑因素。此外，对 MDS 共同支助设备之间共性的分析限制了部
队的态势和维持方面的重复努力。通过使用支持协议和合同支持等多种来源实现维持的多
样化，减少了对传统物流系统的压力，助长了机动不可预测性，并使用了东道国资源。
As dispersed sites grow in number across a wider operational area, sustainment plans
and systems should also be capable of scaling sustainment operations to match. ACE
sustainment plans should focus primarily on aircraft sortie generation, but should also
include the ability to execute implied tasks such as receiving airlift or sealift for resupply,
executing BOS functions, and contracting local services, supplies, and equipment.

随着分散的地点在更大范围内的业务范围内增加，维持计划和系统也应能够扩大维持行
动的规模，以与之相匹配。ACE 维持计划应主要侧重于飞机分类生成，但也应包括执行
隐含任务的能力，如接收空运或海运以进行再补给、执行 BOS 功能以及承包当地服务、
用品和设备。
INFORMATION

信息
Effective conduct of information warfare is a key element of ACE. All ACE actions,
including written or spoken words and displayed or related images, have informational
aspects that communicate some message or intent. This message or intent can be
leveraged to shape perceptions and behaviors in ways that support the achievement of
friendly force objectives. Overt messaging about ACE can be used to communicate the
ability to rapidly disperse assets, aircraft, and personnel across a wide range of
potential forward operating locations and leverage host nation organic capabilities,
assets, and partner nation cooperative agreements.

有效地进行信息战是 ACE 的一个关键要素。所有 ACE 操作，包括书面或口头的文字和显

示的或相关的图像，都具有传达某些信息或意图的信息方面。这种信息或意图可以被用
来塑造感知和行为，以支持实现友好的部队目标。关于 ACE 的公开信息可用于传达在广
泛的潜在前沿作战地点快速分散资产、飞机和人员的能力，并利用宿主国家有机能力、

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资产和伙伴国家合作协议。
In the planning and execution of proactive or reactive ACE schemes of maneuver, the
deceptive use of information can cause an adversary to errantly diffuse or concentrate
forces, rendering them ineffective. Similarly, it can create a state of “analysis paralysis”
about ACE maneuver that challenges an adversary’s ability to make effective, timely
decisions.

在计划和执行主动或被动的 ACE 机动方案时，欺骗性地使用信息可能导致对手错误地分

散或集中力量，使其无效。同样，它也会造成 ACE 策略的“分析瘫痪”状态，挑战对手
做出有效、及时决策的能力。
ACE supports information warfare’s aim of shaping the perceptions, behaviors, and
attitudes of relevant actors.11 The effective integration of information into ACE schemes
of maneuver can bolster assurance and deterrence by revealing overall joint force
capabilities to deny adversary benefits or punish aggression, conceal or obscure
aspects that provide perishable advantage, or suggest elements that mislead
adversaries. ACE preparation demonstrates and signals a combat-credible deterrent to
adversaries and provides assurance to partners and allies.

ACE 支持信息战的目标，即塑造相关行为者的感知、行为和态度。 11 将信息有效地整合

到 ACE 机动计划中，可以通过显示整个联合部队的能力来加强保证和威慑，这些能力可
以剥夺敌人的利益或惩罚侵略，掩盖或掩盖提供易腐烂优势的方面，或提出误导对手的因
素。Ace 准备显示和信号战斗可靠的威慑对手，并为伙伴和盟友提供保证。

10
USAF Expeditionary Center, Agile Combat Employment for Force Providers, Version 2.0, 11 April 2020.
10
美国空军远征中心，敏捷战斗就业为部队提供者，版本 2.0,2020 年 4 月 11 日。
11
AFDP 3-99.
11
AFDP 3-99

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INTELLIGENCE
智力
Intelligence and CI should be prepared to support operations in a CDO-L environment
characterized by mission command and rapidly changing basing. As operations evolve,
real time communications feedback with warfighters and the intelligence community
need to be agile and resilient. Mission report communications flow should be adapted
for real time operations. Intelligence covering the full spectrum of ACE needs to adapt
and evolve to meet dynamic C2 requirements.

情报和情报部门应做好准备，在任务指挥和快速变化的基地的 CDO-L 环境中支持作战。

随着作战行动的发展，与作战人员和情报界的实时通信反馈需要灵活和有弹性。特派团报
告通信流程应适应实时业务。涵盖 ACE 全谱的智能需要适应和发展以满足动态 C2 需
求。
Support to expeditionary mission generation units and the contingency intelligence
network will further enable the ability to achieve desired airpower effects. Force
protection intelligence and CI activities enable survivability of operations by providing
commanders current, time-sensitive, critical information and intelligence necessary to
make risk decisions regarding maneuver. This intelligence and CI gathering should
precede operational ACE execution to identify all potential kinetic, nonkinetic, and
foreign intelligence threats.

对远征军任务生成单位和应急情报网络的支持将进一步使人们能够实现所期望的空中力量
效果。部队保护情报和 CI 活动通过提供指挥员进行机动风险决策所需的最新、时间敏
感、关键信息和情报，使作战行动具有生存能力。这种情报和 CI 收集应该在执行 ACE 操
作之前进行，以确定所有潜在的动能、非动态性和外来情报威胁。
Intelligence preparation of the operational environment is employed to identify enemy
capabilities and threats to proposed ACE operations and support their mitigation. The
intelligence and CI community must also consider threats from commercial vendors and
contractors. In locations without a current presence, the US should initiate and develop
new relationships with individuals and organizations capable of providing desired
information.

行动环境的情报准备是用来确定敌人的能力和对拟议的 ACE 行动的威胁，并支持他们的

缓解。情报界和 CI 界也必须考虑来自商业供应商和承包商的威胁。在没有当前存在的地
方，美国应该与能够提供所需信息的个人和组织建立和发展新的关系。
FIRES

火，火
ACE scheme of maneuver ensures the ability to mass fires to achieve convergence of
effects in all domains, to include coordinated ground-based fires in defense of an airfield
and its ability to generate aircraft. The execution of fires does not fundamentally change
in ACE execution but requires use of MTO and delegation of authorities to the lowest
appropriate level. Plans should account for the timelines that may be required to
aggregate forces originating from different dispersed sites to create effects against a
common target. Under the DOD’s vision for JADO, fires may be delivered by air, space,
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cyberspace, land, maritime, and special operations forces.

ACE 机动方案确保了大规模火力的能力，以实现所有领域的效果趋同，包括协调地面火
力，以防御机场及其生成飞机的能力。火灾的执行并没有从根本上改变 ACE 的执行，但
需要使用 MTO 和将权限下放到最低的适当级别。计划应说明可能需要的时限，以便汇集
来自不同分散地点的部队，对共同目标产生影响。根据国防部对 Jado 的设想，火灾可以
通过空中、空间、网络空间、陆地、海上和特种作战部队运送。

CONCLUSION
结语
ACE requires a revolutionary change in how the Air Force thinks about and conducts
operations within the modern operational environment. This doctrine note informs
relevant and forward-looking ACE concepts and provides a mechanism to quickly
evolve doctrine to adapt to an ever-changing security environment. The intent of this
doctrine note is to share information and generate discussion across the force. As ACE
continues to mature through employment in field operations and exercises, feedback
and lessons learned will continue to feed the evolution of this emerging doctrine.

ACE 要求空军在现代作战环境下思考和进行作战的方式发生革命性的变化。这个理论说
明提供了相关和前瞻性的 ACE 概念，并提供了一种机制来快速发展原则以适应不断变化
的安全环境。这一学说说明的目的是在整个部队中分享信息和进行讨论。随着 ACE 通过
在外地行动和演习中的就业而继续成熟，反馈意见和经验教训将继续为这一新理论的演变
提供素材。

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APPENDIX A: QUICK REFERENCE LIST OF OPERATING LOCATIONS
附录 A： 操作地点快速参考列表

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