MODULE I

INTRODUCTION

Lesson 1 Introduction of ICT

Lesson 2 History of Computing

Lesson 3 Types of Computer

Lesson 4 ICT Trends in Education

Module II
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 INTRODUCTION

The course consists of five (4) modules. This course introduces BTLE
students to the basic concepts, theories and principles on the different
specializations they may take in their course. Specifically, this course will
give an overview on technical Drafting, Illustration and 2D animation. It also
establishes the basic of medical transcription, Digital Media Production and
web Application.

OBJECTIVES

At the end of the course, the students should have been able to have:

1) understand the meaning, importance and history of ICT and Computers;

2) explore, examine and apply the basic concepts, underlying principles and
common competencies in technical Drafting, Illustration and 2D animation,
medical transcription, Digital Media Production and Web Application;
3) establish awareness on the latest technologies that are being used in
various fields particularly in the teaching profession;
4) to appreciate and apply the use of the technology towards quality
teaching.

 DIRECTIONS/ MODULE ORGANIZER

There are three lessons in the module. Read each lesson carefully
then answer the exercises/activities to find out how much you have
benefited from it. Work on these exercises carefully and submit your output
to your tutor.

In case you encounter difficulty, discuss this with your tutor during
the face-to-face meeting. If not contact your tutor.

Good luck and happy reading!!!

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Lesson 1

 Introduction to ICT

Information and Communications Technology or ICT is the application

of computers and telecommunications (Internet, smartphones, wireless
signals, etc.) to store, study, retrieve, transmit, and use data. ICT includes
tools used for handling information and facilitating communication, such as
computers, network, hardware, communication lines and necessary
software. This also includes telephony, electronic media, all types of
process and transfer of audio and video signals, and all control and
managing functions based on network technologies. Integrated as one,
information and communications inspired the development of technologies
that are invaluable to everyday life.

Information refers to the knowledge obtained from reading,

investigation, study or research. The tools to transmit information are the
telephone, television and radio. Information is a knowledge that helps us to
fulfill our daily tasks.

Communication is the act of transmitting messages. It is a process

whereby information is exchanged between individuals using symbols, sign
or verbal interactions. Communication is important in order to gain
knowledge.

Technology is the use of scientific knowledge, experience and

resource to create processes products that fulfill human needs. Technology
is vital in communication.

Information and Communications Technology is now abundant in the

lives of all people all over the world. The new forms of these technologies
are working their way into every aspect of our daily life. These technologies
are even opening up new ways of interacting with each other.

Computer is a programmable machine that receives input, stores and

automatically manipulates data, and provides output in a useful format. An
Electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its
own memory.

Computer literacy defined as having a knowledge and understanding

the computers and ability to use the different applications.

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Data Processing

Data Processing is simply the conversion of raw data in into meaningful

information through a process. Data is manipulated to produce results. It
follows a cycle where input (raw data) are fed to a process (computer
systems, software, etc.) to produce output (information and insights).

Input is the task where verified data is coded or converted into machine-
readable form so that it can be processed through a computer. Data entry is
done with the use of a keyboard, digitizer, scanner, or data entry from an
existing source.

Processing is when the data is subjected to various means and methods of

manipulation. It is the point where a computer program is executed, and it
contains the program code and its current activity, many software programs
are available for processing large volumes of data within very short periods.

Output is the stage where processed information is transmitted to the user.

Output is presented to users in various formats such as printed, audio,
video, or displayed on a monitor. Output needs to be interpreted so that it
can provide meaningful information that will guide future decisions.

INPUT PROCESSING OUTPUT

Data can be defined as representation of facts, concepts

Data or instructions in a formalized manner which should be
suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing
by humans or electronic machine.

Information Information is the processed data on which decisions and

actions are based.

LEARNING ACTIVITY

How
Howdoes
doesICT
ICThelp
helpyou
youas
asaastudent?
student?(Note:
(Note:minimum
minimumofof150
150
Module I words)
words)
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Lesson 2

 History of Computing

Computers are such an integral part of our society that it is

sometimes difficult to imagine life without them. However, computers as
we know them are relatively new devices. Today, pocket calculators have
many times more memory capacity and processing power than computers
from the ’50s and ’60s.

Trying imaging life without technology, such as alarm clocks,

refrigerators, computers, telephones, and so on. It would be very different
from what we are accustomed today. The truth is, all of us rely on
technology a great deal to get through the day. Whether at work, at home,
or school, most of us depend greatly on technology.

Computers are found practically every household today. Everywhere

you look, people have access to personal computer, one way or another. As
computers become more advance, the demand for better computers
increases.

ABACUS

 Ancient Counting Machine (Egyptians)

 Abacus is an ancient instrument used in

performing arithmetic calculations. It can
do add, subtract, multiply and divide. It
consists of tablet or frame b

 earing parallel wires or grooves in which the

counters or beads are moved.

NAPIER’S BONES

 Invented by a Scottish named John Napier.

 He first invented the logarithms in 1617 and he

got the idea from printed tables. From the
printed tables he made an alternative wherein
logarithms values are carved on ivory sticks.

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 The device used for multiplying, dividing, and taking square roots and
cube roots.

PASCAL’S CALCULATOR

 At the age of 19, Blaise Pascal invented the

Pascaline in 1642 for his father who is a tax
collector. He had built 50 of this gear-
driven one-function calculator, which only
performs addition. But he wasn’t able to sell
the device because of its high cost and
inaccuracy.

 Pascaline uses complicated arrangement of numbered wheels

connected by gears. Pascal continually develop his machine until it
can already perform subtraction and addition up to nine digits long.

LEIBNITZ CALCULATOR

 invented by Gottfried Leibnitz a German mathematician in year 1673

 A calculator that can multiply.

CHARLES BABBAGE

 known as the Father of the modern computer

 an English inventor
 He invented a viable mechanical computer called
Analytical Engine which is equivalent to modern
digital computers.

ANALYTICAL ENGINE

 Analytical Engine or Babbage’s Difference Engine were

calculating machines made by Charles Babbage to
produce tables of numbers that would be used by
ship’s navigators.

LADY ADA AUGUSTA BYRON KING

 She is the very first computer programmer. A daughter

of the famous poet Lord Byron. She became the
Countess Lady Lovelace.
 At the age of 19, she already got interested in
Babbage’s ideas of the Analytical Engine. Ada and
Babbage had communicated through letters and
meetings and had studied for the programming of the
engine. She wrote a series of notes wherein she

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detailed sequences of instructions she had prepared for the analytical

engine.

MARK I

 Developed by
Howard Aiken
in year 1944 at
Harvard
University.
 Used to compute artillery and navigation tables.
 8 feet tall, 51 feet long, 2 feet thick, weighed 5 tons.
 Official name of Mark I is Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator.

ELECTRONIC NUMERICAL INTEGRATOR AND CALCULATOR (ENIAC)

 The first electronic computers

 It was designed and built for the United States Army to calculate
artillery firing tables.

FIRST GENERATION

 Used of vacuum tubes as their main logic

elements
 Punch cards to input and externally store
data.
 Rotating magnetic drums for internal
storage of data and programs.

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SECOND GENERATION
 Transistors were used as electronic
components instead of vacuum tubes.
 Magnetic tape and disks began to
replace punched cards as external
storage devices.
 Magnetic cores are a very small donut-
shaped magnets that could be polarized
in one two directions to represent data.

THIRD GENERATION
 Used of integrated circuits or IC – more
powerful because its superior performance
and reliability.
 This generation has far greater storage
capacity and higher calculating speed than
its predecessors.

FOURTH GENERATION

 Invention of Personal Computers

 The microprocessor in the main technology
behind this generation and it is developed by
Ted Hoff an American Electrical Engineer
 Microprocessor is a single chip which is used in
a computer for any arithmetical or logical
function to be performed in any program.

FIFTH GENERATION
 Machine that possesses artificial intelligence.
 Artificial intelligence is the science and engineering of making
intelligent machines by imitating human characteristics and behavior.
E.g Robots, smartphones and etc.

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LEARNING ACTIVITY

Multiple
MultipleChoice:
Choice:Choose
Choosethe
theletter
letterofofthe
thecorrect
correctanswer.
answer.
Write
Writeyour
youranswer
answerbeforebeforethe
thenumber.
number.

______ 1. What is the name of the ancient counting device used thousands of
years ago?
A. Abacus C. Napier’s Bone
B. Pascal’s Calculator D. Universal Automatic Calculator

______ 2. Who is the Father of Computer?

A. Charles Babbage C. Bill Gates
B. Lady Augusta Aga D. Blaise Pascal

______ 3. A device where the logarithm values were carved on ivory sticks.
A. Napier’s Bone C. Colussus
B. Mark I D. ENIAC

______ 4. He is known for starting the company Microsoft in the year 1975.
Since then, he has become one of the richest people in the world.
A. Charles Babbage C. Bill Gates
B. Lady Augusta Aga D. Blaise Pascal

______ 5. ENIAC stands for __________.

A. Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer
B. Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator
C. Electronic Numerical Integrator Automatic Computer
D. Electronic Numerical Integrator Automatic Calculator

______ 6. Which electronic components are used in First Generation Computers?

A. transistor C. vacuum tubes
B. integrated circuits D. Microprocessor

______ 7. He invented the Pascaline, the first mechanical calculator.

A. Charles Babbage C. Bill Gates
B. Lady Augusta Aga D. Blaise Pascal

______ 8. Microprocessors as switching devices are for which generation

computers.
A. First Generation C. Third Generation
B. Second Generation D. Fourth Generation

______ 9. What is the first electric counting device that was invented?
A. Abacus C. Napier’s Bone
B. Pascal’s Calculator D. Universal Automatic Calculator

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______ 10. It is the first Electric counting device used.

A. Abacus C. ENIAC
B. Pascal’s Calculator D. Analytical Engine
Lesson 3

 Types of Computers

Supercomputers

 an extremely powerful computer. The term is commonly applied to

the fastest high-performance systems available at any given time.
Such computers have been used primarily for scientific and
engineering work requiring exceedingly high-speed computations.

Personal Computers

 A PC can be defined as a small, relatively inexpensive computer

designed for an individual user. PCs are based on the microprocessor
technology that enables manufacturers to put an entire CPU on one
chip. Businesses use personal computers for word processing,
accounting, desktop publishing, and for running spreadsheet and
database management applications. At home, the most popular use
for personal computers is playing games and surfing the Internet.

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Embedded computers
 An embedded computer is a microprocessor-based system, specially
designed to perform a specific function and belong to a larger
system. It comes with a combination of hardware and software to
achieve a unique task and withstand different conditions.

Handheld computers
 A hand-held computer is a portable computer that is small enough to
be held in one's hand.
 includes smartphones, calendar, appointment book, calculator,
notepad and etc.

Wearable Computer
 A wearable computer is any small technological device capable of
storing and processing data that can be worn on the body. Wearable
computers are designed for accessibility and convenience, as well as
improvements to workplaces by making information quickly and
readily available to the wearer.

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LEARNING ACTIVITY
Fill in the crossword puzzle with the words being asked from
the sentences below.

Across Down
2. A computers that are designed for 1. It is designed to perform a
accessibility and convenience specific function and belong to a
4. A wearable computer glasses that add larger
information alongside or to system.
what the wearer sees 3. A computer that commonly
5. A global navigation satellite system used for playing games.
that provides location, velocity 4. An extremely powerful
and time synchronization. computer
6. A wearable device that can create a
simulated environment.
7. The most popular handheld computer
8. A portable electronic device used to
perform basic calculations and
complex mathematics.
9. A wearable computing device that

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closely resembles to a timekeeping

device.
Lesson 4

 ICT Trends in Education

Higher education is advancing to digital era. Online certifications, value-

added certifications are becoming popular in the college-going students.
Most of such courses are targeted to improve the employability of the
students. Therefore, there are some latest trends in information and
communication technology like:

ONLINE EDUCATION

Online education is a flexible instructional delivery system that

encompasses any kind of learning that takes place via the Internet.

 “Online education is electronically supported learning that relies on

the Internet for teacher/student interaction and the distribution of
class materials.”

CLOUD COMPUTING
 a technology that uses the internet for storing and managing data on
remote servers, and then access data via the internet.
 The delivery of different services through the Internet. These
resources include tools and applications like data storage, servers,
databases, networking, and software.

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GAMING
 The massive multiplayer and other online game experience is common
for the young generation. It offers various opportunities in order to
increase social interactions and civic engagement by making use of
games. This incredible success helps the students to focus on active
participation by building interaction and incentives. For this, they use
current educational methods that are not falling short. The
educational games effectively and efficiently attract the attention
and interest of the learners.

DIGITAL TEXTBOOKS
 A digital textbook or electronic book (e-book), is a book publication
made available in digital form, consisting of text, images, or both,
readable on the flat-panel display of computers or other electronic
devices. Although sometimes defined as "an electronic version of a
printed book", some e-books exist without a printed equivalent. E-
books can be read on dedicated e-reader devices, but also on any
computer device that features a controllable viewing screen,
including desktop computers, laptops, tablets and smartphones.

AUTOMATION
 A current trend in the IT industry and educational system is
automated processes. Automated processes can collect information
from students, employees and other documentation like online
registration or enrolment and other school-related transactions.
Automated processes that check invoices and other accounts-payable
aspects expedite customer interactions. Machine processes can
automate repetitive manual tasks, rather than assigning them to
employees. This increases organization-wide productivity, allowing
employees to use their valuable time wisely, rather than wasting it
on tedious work. Examples: DMMMSU-SLUC ONLINE PORTAL.

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VIRTUAL REALITY

 Virtual reality can be used to enhance student learning and

engagement. VR education can transform the way educational
content is delivered; it works on the premise of creating a virtual
world — real or imagined — and allows users not only see it but also
interact with it. Being immersed in what you’re learning motivates
you to fully understand it. It’ll require less cognitive load to process
the information. Students can “visit” places virtually that they do not
have physical access to — historical times, monuments, under the
sea, other countries, and even outer space. Virtual realities can take
history and science lessons to the next level!

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND SMART MACHINES

 AI can automate the expedition of administrative duties for teachers

and academic institutions. Educators spend a lot of time on grading
exams, assessing homework, and providing valuable responses to their
students. But technology can be used to automate the grading tasks
where multiple tests are involved. This means that professors would
have more time with their students rather than spending long hours
grading them. We expect more of this from AI. Actually, software
providers are coming up with better ways of grading written answers
and normal essays. The other department that is gaining a lot from AI
is the school admissions board. Artificial Intelligence is allowing for
automation of classification and processing of paperwork.

Biometric Barcode Scanner with Face Recognition

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LEARNING ACTIVITY
Give atleast three (3) ICT software/hardware application
examples in the following aspect:
i. Cloud computing
ii. Automation
iii. Virtual reality
iv. Artificial intelligence/smart machines

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 MODULE SUMMARY

In module I, you have learned the Introduction of ICT, History of

Computing, Types of Computers and ICT Trends in Education.

There are four lessons in module I. Lesson 1 consists the definition

computer and how it works. The different terms and its meaning used in
ICT.

Lesson 2 deals with the history of computing, the origin of computer,

different inventors and developers.

Lesson 3 composed of the different types of computers which are

supercomputers, personal computers, embedded computers, handheld
computers and wearable technologies.

Lesson 4 discussed about the different ICT trends in Education which

helps the teaching-learning process more effective and efficient.

Congratulations! You have just studied Module I. now you are ready
to evaluate how much you have benefited from your reading by answering
the summative test. Good Luck!!!

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 SUMMATIVE TEST
I. MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your
answer before the number.

1. The acronym ICT stands for _____________ in education technology

parlance.
A. International Communication Technology
B. International Community Teacher
C. Information and Communication Technology
D. Information and Classroom Techniques
2. A programmable machine that receives inputs, stores and manipulates data.
A. CPU C. hardware
B. computer D. software

3. A computer based material design to be used on a computer that can

display and print text and high quality graphics.
A. e-learning C. e-commerce
B. multimedia D. software

4. What is the second stage of data processing?

A. Input C. Output
B. Processing D. Data

5. Which stage of data processing that includes formatting, editing and

retouching?
A. Input C. Output
B. Processing D. Data

6. ___________ is a knowledge that helps us to fulfill our daily tasks.

A. technology C. information
B. computers D. computer literacy

7. Graphs is an example of _________?

A. information C. input
B. data D. technology

8. This person created a machine called The Analytical Engine. His ideas
were some of the first that led to the creation of computers.
A. Simon Konrad C. Byron Lovelace
B. Charles Babbage D. Blaise Pascal

9. All- in-one computers are examples of ___________?

A. supercomputer C. embedded computers
B. personal computers D. wearables technology

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10.

This invention replaced vacuum tubes and made computers much smaller
and faster.
A. vacuum tubes C. microprocessor
B. integrated circuit D. transistor

11.

It is widely used __________?

A. vacuum tubes C. microprocessor
B. integrated circuit D. transistor

12.

Refer to the image above. What do you call this electronic component?
A. vacuum tubes C. microprocessor
B. integrated circuit D. transistor

13. All of the following are wearable technologies EXCEPT?

A. Epson moverio C. Solos
B. Vuzix blade D. Intel Pentium

14. What technology are designed for accessibility and convenience and
making information quickly and readily available to the wearer.
A. supercomputer C. embedded computers
B. personal computers D. wearables technology

15. Which type of computers does Phablet belong?

A. supercomputer C. embedded computers
B. personal computers D. wearables technology

16. ___________ is the use of computer technology that create stimulated

environment.
A. supercomputer C. embedded computers
B. personal computers D. wearables technology

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17. A flexible instructional delivery system that encompasses any kind of

learning that takes place via the Internet.
A. automation C. cloud computing
B. online education D. virtual reality

18. A technology that uses the internet for storing and managing data on
remote servers, and then access data via the internet.
A. automation C. cloud computing
B. online education D. virtual reality

19. All of the following are examples of cloud computing EXCEPT?

A. dropbox C. microsoft hololens
B. icloud D. youtube

20. Asimo was invented by Honda in Japan. It is an example of _________?

A. automation C. cloud computing

B. virtual reality D. smart machine

Module I