Planning for Transportation

Transportation is Economy
Place of Transportation in New Town’s
Planning
• Requirement of all socioeconomic classes

• not to be treated as an independent variable

• Should not only be approached technically but

also socially and economically
 Potential Goals of Transportation
Planning
 Provide separate pedestrian and vehicular systems
 Provide convenient access and parking for all
community areas
 Provide easy modes of interchange among systems
and areas
 Provide safe movements
 Provide little chance from dust, noise, and vibration
 Provide easy commuting and transfer of goods
 Provide flexibility in meeting emergency as well as
normal use
 Enhance the landscape by interchanging the design
of systems and the environment
 Potential Goals of Transportation
Planning
• Provide variety of types (land, water and air) for all age groups and
social classes
• Integrate transportation with land use to meet daily periodic uses
• Provide protection accommodated to a new town’s climate
• Develop a hierarchical network with regulated speed to minimize
the nuisance of transportation and to maintain the network
• Integrate construction, development, maintenance, and operation
of infrastructure and utilities
• Function in regional and national networks to provide access to all
terminal and to economic markets
• Be inexpensive, efficient, safe, durable, easily maintained, usable
year round, and easily altered
• Be consistent with general goals and objectives of the new town as
set by it planners and developers
 Transportation Planning Process for
New Towns
• Define goals and objectives
• Study site and region
• Collect data and survey
a) Physical aspects such as land suitability, soil hazards and
limitations, availability of quarries and building materials,
projected land uses and schemes
b) Social and economic aspects such as existing and expected
travel behavior of the population, trends of income, and
potential local, regional, and national markets
• Plan preparation for pedestrians, highways and streets, town
traffic center, local and regional transportation centers and
setting regional network
Planning for Hierarchy of networks in a
New Town
• National highways: these are four lane or more highways
designed for medium and long journeys at he highest speeds
allowed in a particular region. these highways are prohibited
to unpowered vehicles and pedestrians.
• National highways should never cross a new town, but should
bypass it at a reasonable distance to eliminate any adverse
effects on new towns and they should be connected to them.
• Regional highways: these highways mainly link social and
economic centers in a region and connect the national
highway with a new town. These are usually medium or high
speed roads.
National Highways in Pakistan
Planning for Hierarchy of networks in a
New Town
• Major roads: these link neighborhoods, commercial centers,
industrial areas, communication and transportation centers,
cultural and educational centers and other centers of
socioeconomic activity within a new town.
• These roads should provide easy traffic flow, usually allow
from the medium to the highest speed permitted in the town
as they are the highest level of internal roads in a hierarchy
and connect with regional highways at free flow intersections.
• Major roads may have sidewalks, and pedestrians may cross
their connecting highways by means of overpasses or
underpasses.
• They may have four lanes but in a small city they may have
only two.
Planning for Hierarchy of networks in a
New Town
• Secondary roads: these form internal circulation system
developed within a new town and function as the major
skeletal roads (distributors) within areas of single land use.
The basic principle of these roads is that motor vehicles
circulate around the edges of the residential blocks without
crossing them, and basic speeds of this system are from low
to medium.
• Collector roads: these are designed to function as the main
network of each zoned unit in a new town an also to feed
secondary roads. Mainly allowing low speeds, collectors
provide parking along the sides. In residential area collector
roads are looped to create circulation by entering and leaving
the same road within the area.
Planning for Hierarchy of networks in a
New Town
• Local roads: these provide for low level local traffic. They have
the lowest speed limits and are the most carefully designed in
terms of detail, especially that of pedestrian system above or
below them and also provide for bicycle movement and they
may terminate in cul-de-sac.
• Cul-de-sac: they enable a blocked, built up area to penetrate
the system of roads without crossing or dividing it. They also
provide continuous pedestrian circulation within the built up
area without interruption of highways.
• Pedestrian networks: the network runs from one end of a new
town to the other. It is wide enough to allow four people to
walk an is designed to be convinient to all age groups and
penetrate all residential, commercial and social areas.
Cul-de-sac
 Planning Pedestrian Systems
• Complete separation is desirable in high density areas or in
town center. Pedestrian pathways should be designed to
connect underpasses or bridges and bus stations.
• Design of paths may consider following
i) avoiding long, continuous straight lines and using zigzag
lines instead
ii) creating variation in the landscape along paths
iii) making rest areas available along paths with play place for
children
iv) design must include access for service vehicles,
maintenance, fire, security and utilities.
• Width of primary pathways should be 23 feet, secondary of
11.5 feet, and minor of 5 feet
Planning Pedestrian Systems
Planning Pedestrian Systems
Planning Pedestrian Systems
 Planning Vehicular
System
• Mass transit: traditional, computer controlled, or electrically powered
systems of buses
• Monorails or dual rail vehicles which move in fixed under ground or
aboveground paths
• Controlled cable cars which move aboveground and cross all other
transportation services.
• Rush hours: roads in a new town and regional roads must be able to
absorb the maximum flow in each direction during rush hours
• Parking: forecast for parking demand is a difficult thing however
calculation of parking is based on the ratio between gross floor area of
retail space and gross area of parking space for different uses. parking
may be designed as parking lots and parking plazas.
Urban Rail Transport
Indian urban Transport
 Planning Vehicular
Systems
• Road junctions: signalized junctions, roundabouts,
grade separated junctions can be designed for a
new town according to the type or roads making
the crossing.
• Traffic signs and road marking: the basic
consideration in design an location of road signs is
that a driver can recognize the nature of sign before
he can read the message and without reducing the
speed.
 Land Use and Transportation
• Careful selection and grouping of land use
categories is important in collecting and
analyzing transportation data for new towns
• There are four major interrelated land uses
which effect transportation: residential, work,
shopping, leisure and education.
• Conceptual scheme of interzonal trips within a
new town is shown in figure.
Land Use and Transportation
 Land Use and Transportation
Elements that influence the relationship
between land use and transportation are
• Employment
• Socio economic considerations
• Terminals
 Models for Balancing Generated Trips
• When estimating trips, planners should specifically consider the origin and
destination of trips within a new town and between a new town and its
neighboring communities
• Interzonal trips can be estimated on the basis of no. of dwelling units,
resident workers, and jobs available.
• Trips can also be estimated in terms of modes of transportation: walking,
mass transit, bicycle, cars, etc
• Trips can be calculated by considering no. of residential units, the average
no. of employees per residential unit, the standard of living , intensity of
local and peripheral land use in the generation of specific number of job
opportunities and socio economic activities.
• No. of trips among a new town and neighboring communities are related
to degree of self containment of new town