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Chapter 3 New General Ledger
Chapter 3 New General Ledger
Contents
1. New General Ledger......................................................................................................................2
2. Ledgers...........................................................................................................................................3
2.1 Define Currencies of Leading Ledger.......................................................................................4
2.2 Define and Activate Non-Leading Ledgers...............................................................................5
2.3 Assign Scenarios and Customer Fields to Ledgers....................................................................6
2.4 Activate Cost of Sales Accounting............................................................................................8
2.5 Define Ledger Group.................................................................................................................9
2.6 Define Document Types for Entry View in Ledger.................................................................10
2.7 Define Document Types for Entry View in Ledger.................................................................11
2.8 Define Number Ranges for Entry View...................................................................................11
2.9 Activate New General Ledger Accounting..............................................................................12
3. Parallel Accounting......................................................................................................................13
3.1 Accounting Principles..............................................................................................................13
3.2 Assign Accounting Principles to Ledger Groups.....................................................................13
4. Document Splitting......................................................................................................................14
4.1 Define Document splitting Characteristics..............................................................................16
4.2 Activate Document splitting....................................................................................................17
4.3 Classify GL Accounts for Document splitting........................................................................18
4.4 Define Zero-Balance Clearing Account...................................................................................19
5.1 Define Valuation methods.......................................................................................................21
5.2 Define Valuation Areas............................................................................................................22
5.3 Assign Valuation Areas and Accounting Principles................................................................22
5.4 Foreign Currency Valuation- Account Determination............................................................23
6. Real time integration of Controlling with Financial Accounting................................................25
5.5 Define Variants for Real time integration................................................................................26
5.6 Assign Variant for Real time integration to Company code....................................................27
5.7 Account Determination for Real time integration...................................................................27
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CHAPTER 3 NEW GENERAL LEDGER
1. New General Ledger
Let us understand this concept of SAP New GL structure and its use. Typically in SAP you can depict
parallel accounting. Which means you can carry out valuations and closing operations for a company
code according to local accounting principle and a second accounting principle (parallel) i.e. the group
accounting principle.
Till version 4.7 you could carry out the parallel accounting only by using
Additional accounts.
Certain GL accounts are common between 2 the accounting areas. Certain GL accounts applicable only
for local reporting Certain GL accounts applicable only for group reporting.
This kind of a set up requires 2 retained earnings accounts. The disadvantage of this set ups is lot of GL
accounts are required and sometimes reconciliations become difficult.
To do away with the above approach SAP has now introduced the SAP New GL
structure. In this approach parallel accounting is depicted using an Additional ledger.
The data for one accounting principle is stored in the general ledger. This ledger is known as the Leading
ledger or Leading valuation view. For each additional (parallel) accounting principle, you create an
additional ledger
Configuration Scenario:
ABC Group of companies (Parent company) is a multinational company with companies across the world
with base in Germany. The company has decided to implement SAP for its subsidiary ABC Electronics
located in USA. ABC Group of companies have to use the common chart of accounts. The currency in
USA is USD. The Parent company wants the accounts to be prepared based on Calendar year January to
December. The Financial reporting should be in EURO.
ABC Electronics Inc has a local reporting requirement as per Corporate Law
Based on the above requirements we need to configure the following using the SAP New GL
structure
Company code created 1009 – ABC Electronics Inc. The
company code currency– USD
Parallel currencies to be implemented – EURO
Common chart of accounts – COA
Ledger 0L (leading valuation view) reporting period – Jan to Dec for group reporting
Ledger L9 (additional ledger) for local reporting under Corporate Law.
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CHAPTER 3 NEW GENERAL LEDGER
2. Ledgers
Define Ledgers for General Ledger Accounting
You define the ledgers that you use in General Ledger Accounting. The ledgers are based on a totals
table. SAP recommends using the delivered standard totals table FAGLFLEXT.
The following types of ledgers are available:
Leading Ledger
The leading ledger is based on the same accounting principle as that of the consolidated financial
statement. It is integrated with all subsidiary ledgers and is updated in all company codes. You must
designate one ledger as the leading ledger.
In each company code, the leading ledger automatically receives the settings that apply to that company
code: the currencies, the fiscal year variant, and the variant of the posting periods.
0L is the Leading Ledger (if already activated in your training system, no need to activate it again)
Click on
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CHAPTER 3 NEW GENERAL LEDGER
Update the following:-
Click on
Here you specify the currencies to be applied in the leading ledger. You can make the following settings
for each company code
Click on
Update the following:-
Click
For company code 1009 USD has been defined as local currency and EUR as additional currency.
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2.2 Define and Activate Non-Leading Ledgers
Via Menus IMGFinancial Accounting( new) Financial Accounting Global Settings
(new) Ledgers Ledger Define and Activate Non- Leading
Ledgers
Via Transaction Code SPRO
Here you make the following settings for the non-leading ledgers for each Company code:
You can define additional currencies beyond that of the leading ledger.
The first currency of a non-leading ledger is always the currency of the leading ledger (and
hence that of the company code). For the second and third currencies of a non- leading ledger,
you can only use currency types that you have specified for the leading ledger.
You can define a fiscal year variant that differs from that of the leading ledger. If you do not
enter a fiscal year variant, the fiscal year variant of the company code is used automatically.
Click on
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CHAPTER 3 NEW GENERAL LEDGER
2.3 Assign Scenarios and Customer Fields to Ledgers
Via Menus IMGFinancial Accounting( new) Financial Accounting Global
Settings(new) Ledgers Ledger Assign Scenarios and Customer
Fields to Ledgers
Via Transaction Code SPRO
Custom Fields:
You can add custom fields (that you have already defined) to the ledger.
Versions:
This enables you to make general version settings for the ledger that depend on the fiscal year. In the
versions, you specify whether actual data is recorded, whether manual planning is allowed, and
whether planning integration with Controlling is activated.
Select
Click
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CHAPTER 3 NEW GENERAL LEDGER
To assign Profit center update you need to have profit center module active.
Click on
Click on
Update the following:-
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CHAPTER 3 NEW GENERAL LEDGER
Select
Click on
Click on
Click on
Cost of sales accounting displays how the costs were incurred. It represents the economic outflow
of resources.
Click on
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CHAPTER 3 NEW GENERAL LEDGER
2.5 Define Ledger Group
Via Menus IMGFinancial Accounting( new) Financial Accounting Global
Settings(new) Ledgers Ledger Define Ledger Group
Via Transaction Code SPRO
Here you define ledger groups. A ledger group is a combination of ledgers for the purpose of applying
the functions and processes of general ledger accounting to the group as a whole.
When posting, for example, you can restrict the update of individual postings to a ledger group so that
the system only posts to the ledgers in that group.
You can combine any number of ledgers in a ledger group. In this way, you simplify the tasks in the
individual functions of General Ledger Accounting.
When a ledger is created, the system automatically generates a ledger group with the same name. In this
way, you can also post data to an individual ledger or access it when using functions where you can only
enter a ledger group and not ledgers.
You can change the name of the ledger group that was taken from the ledger.
You only have to create those ledger groups in which you want to combine several ledgers for joint
processing in a function.
You do not need to create a ledger group for all ledgers because the system
automatically posts to all ledgers when you do not enter a ledger group in a function.
The system uses the representative ledger of a ledger group to determine the posting period and to
check whether the posting period is open. If the posting period for the representative ledger is open, the
system posts in all ledgers of the group, even if the posting period of the non-representative ledgers is
closed. Each ledger group must have exactly one representative ledger:
If the ledger group has a leading ledger, the leading ledger must always be identified as the
representative ledger.
If the ledger group does not have a leading ledger, you must designate one of the ledgers as the
representative ledger. If the ledger group has only one ledger, this ledger is then the representative
ledger. If the ledger group has more than one ledger, the system checks during posting whether the
representative ledger was selected correctly. This check is based on the fiscal year variant of the
company code:
We do not want to group the ledgers; therefore we do not do any configuration here.
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CHAPTER 3 NEW GENERAL LEDGER
Select
Double click
Click on
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CHAPTER 3 NEW GENERAL LEDGER
2.7 Define Document Types for Entry View in Ledger
Click on
Similarly add all other document types for number range 99.
Click on
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CHAPTER 3 NEW GENERAL LEDGER
If the New General Ledger is already activated in your system, this screen may not appear, then you can
ignore this step.
If you already use classic General Ledger Accounting in your production system, you need to perform
the migration of this data before you activate
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CHAPTER 3 NEW GENERAL LEDGER
3. Parallel Accounting
Here, you define your accounting principles. You then assign the desired ledger group to the
accounting principles. For performance reasons, you can combine several different accounting principles
in one entry; for example, you create one accounting principle for IAS/US GAAP. This can be useful if,
in an application, you have to create the data for each accounting principle, even if the postings derived
from the data are identical for each accounting principle.
Caution: The accounting principles that you have defined are available in various functions in
Financial Accounting, such as in the report for foreign currency valuation, in Manual Accruals. SAP
therefore advises you not to delete accounting principles.
Click on
Click on
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CHAPTER 3 NEW GENERAL LEDGER
4. Document Splitting
You can use the document splitting procedure to split up line items for selected dimensions (such as
receivable lines by profit center) or to affect a zero balance setting in the document for selected
dimensions (such as segment). This generates additional clearing lines in the document. Using the
document splitting procedure is the prerequisite for as well as an essential tool for drawing up completes
financial statements for the selected dimensions at any time.
You can choose between displaying the document with the generated clearing lines either in its original
form in the entry view or from the perspective of a ledger in the general ledger views.
For document splitting to be possible, the individual document items and the documents must be
classified. Each classification corresponds to a rule in which it is specified how document splitting is to
occur and for which line items. SAP delivers a set of
standard rules that should usually prove sufficient. If not, you can define your own set of rules and adapt
these according to your needs.
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CHAPTER 3 NEW GENERAL LEDGER
Business Transaction
A business transaction is an event that leads to value changes and thereby to data being updated in
Accounting.
For each business transaction, you can determine which item categories (can) appear in the transaction.
Business transactions are only used in document splitting of New General Ledger Accounting
Item category
The item category characterizes the items of an accounting document. It is derived from the account type
(such as asset and customer). In the G/L account area, there can be more than one possible item category.
An assignment has to be defined by means of the G/L account number for the derivable item categories
that are not automatically defined.
The item category is currently only used in document splitting in the General Ledger.
Example 1: Invoice
31 Payables -100
40 Expense 0001 40
40 Expense 0002 60
Document splitting then creates the following document in the General Ledger view:
Posting Key Account Segment Amount
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CHAPTER 3 NEW GENERAL LEDGER
Example 2: Payment
The payment for the above vendor invoice then contains the following items when entered:
50 Bank -95
25 Payables 100
50 Cash Discount Received -5
Document splitting then creates the following document in the General Ledger view:
Click on
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CHAPTER 3 NEW GENERAL LEDGER
Define Zero-Balance Clearing Account
For account assignment objects for which you want to have a zero balance setting, the system checks
whether the balance of account assignment object is zero after document splitting.
If this is not the case, the system generates additional clearing items. In this activity, you have to create a
clearing account for these additional clearing items.
You do not directly post to the zero balance clearing account. This is a system generated posting
to balance the books per segment or Profit center.
For example Dr Expense (Profit center PC1) and Cr Liabilities (Profit center PC2) then the system
balances not just the entry at the document level but also at the profit center level
expense PC1
Cr zero balancing account PC1
Dr Zero balancing account PC2 Cr
Liabilities PC2
If the indicator is set, then all postings where no value is set for the specified field after
document splitting are rejected with an error message.
Click on
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CHAPTER 3 NEW GENERAL LEDGER
4.3 Classify GL Accounts for Document splitting
Via Menus IMGFinancial Accounting( new) General Ledger (New)
Business Transactions Document Splitting Classify GL Accounts for
Document Splitting
Via Transaction Code SPRO
Each business transaction that is entered is analyzed during the document splitting procedure. In this
analysis, the system determines for each line item whether it is an item that remains unchanged or an
item that should be split.
In order that document splitting recognizes how the individual document items are to be handled, you
need to classify them. You do this by assigning them to an item category. The item category is
determined by the account number. In this IMG activity, you need to assign the following accounts in the
system:
Revenue account
Expense account
The classification of all other accounts is known to the system, so you do not have to enter them
here. You can enter an account interval since the system recognizes SAP-specific classifications and
does not allow SAP settings to be overwritten by your own settings.
Standard settings
Item categories are included in the standard SAP System. You can not define any additional item
categories. If the item categories included in the system do not meet your needs, contact SAP
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CHAPTER 3 NEW GENERAL LEDGER
Click on
For account assignment objects for which you want to have a zero balance setting, the system checks
whether the balance of account assignment object is zero after document splitting.
If this is not the case, the system generates additional clearing items. In this activity, you have to create
a clearing account for these additional clearing items.
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CHAPTER 3 NEW GENERAL LEDGER
Click on
Click on
For account assignment objects for which you want to have a zero balance setting, the system checks
whether the balance of account assignment object is zero after document splitting.
If this is not the case, the system generates additional clearing items. In this activity, you have to create a
clearing account for these additional clearing items.
This is a document splitting functionality which ensures that the Debit and Credit for the profit center is
equal with the help of zero balancing account. This account is used to create additional line item to
balance the entries for profit center in terms of Debit and Credit. Take an example of entry without zero
balance-
Here the balance sheet for the profit center will not tally as there is difference in debit and credit. When
balancing field profit center is activated with zero balance account the entry will be-
Thus the profit center balance sheet will always tally and the zero balance account will have zero
balance.
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CHAPTER 3 NEW GENERAL LEDGER
Click on
Click on
The valuation is only displayed if the valuation difference between
the local currency amount and the valued amount is negative that is an exchange loss has taken
place. The valuation is carried out per item total.
The valuation is only displayed if, as a consequence, the new
valuation has a greater devaluation and/or a greater revaluation for credit entries than the previous
valuation. The valuation is calculated per item total.
If you select this procedure, revaluations are also taken into consideration.
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CHAPTER 3 NEW GENERAL LEDGER
If you select this method system only does a revaluation if applicable but does not
do devaluation where there is exchange loss.
Click on
Click on
Click on
Click on
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CHAPTER 3 NEW GENERAL LEDGER
5.4 Foreign Currency Valuation- Account Determination
Via Menus Financial Accounting ( New) General Ledger Accounting (New)
Periodic processing Valuate Foreign Currency valuation
Preparation for Automatic Postings for Foreign Currency Valuation
Via Transaction Code OBA1
Create below GL Accounts in FS00 before performing this step
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CHAPTER 3 NEW GENERAL LEDGER
Click on
Note: Similarly assign these Loss/Gain accounts for all the account for which you would like to
revaluate.
Loss: Here you enter the GL code for exchange loss, which is realized
Gain: Here you enter the GL code for exchange gain, which is realized.
Val. loss 1: Here you enter the GL code for unrealized exchange Loss on revaluation of open items i.e.
accounts receivable and accounts payable
Val. gain 1: Here you enter the GL code for unrealized exchange gain on revaluation of open items i.e.
accounts receivable and accounts payable
Bal. Sheet adj.1: Here you enter the GL code to which the receivable and payables adjustment is
posted during foreign currency valuation of open items.
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CHAPTER 3 NEW GENERAL LEDGER
6. Real time integration of Controlling with Financial Accounting
CO-FI real time reconciliation keeps the FICO books in harmony and data between them remains
reconciled. If you assign cross-PC or Business Area in CO, it posts data to FI and FI and CO
reports same balances PC wise and Bus Area wise. This is the reason behind creation of FI
document as you observed.
Why do we need CO-FI Reconciliation? A good receipt posting of Rs.100 has occurred on
internal order 1, which is assigned to company code one hundred percent of the value of internal
order No.1 is settled to internal order 2. This is assigned to company code 2.
A Settlement cost element is used for the settlement posting. When an order Settlement is run,
internal order 1 is credited with Rs.100 and internal order 2 is debited with Rs.100. The balances of
internal order 1 and internal order 2 are 0 and Rs.100, respectively. However, the balances of
company code 1 and 2 remain as they were prior to settlement. The reason: settlement activity was
internal to CO. No FI update occurred.
To place the FI company codes back in balance, the CO-FI reconciliation will be helpful. The
resulting FI postings would credit company code 1 for Rs.100 and debit company code 2 for Rs.100.
The internal CO activity will now have been accounted for in FI and company codes are now in
balance.
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CHAPTER 3 NEW GENERAL LEDGER
1. For the reconciliation posting, the system creates an offsetting entry in FI in a company code
clearing account.
2. For secondary postings in CO, you must determine a clearing account in FI using account
determination, as secondary cost elements do not have an equivalent in FI. For primary cost
elements, you can specify a clearing account in the account determination, to obtain a better
overview of the reconciliation postings for example. However, this is only strictly necessary for
secondary postings.
The reconciliation posting was made here for company code 0002 only.
Click on
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CHAPTER 3 NEW GENERAL LEDGER
5.6 Assign Variant for Real time integration to Company code
Click on
Click on
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