Properties of Gases

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures:-

Consider a vessel with a mixture of two or more gases

Individual Pr.s of the different gases will depend upon the relative proportions of the constituents

Individual Pr.s are usually expressed as the partial Pr.s of the constituents, defined as the Pr. it would exert if it alone
occupied the entire volume of the vessel at the same Temp.

Dalton studied this and stated as: The total Pr. of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial Pr.s of the
constituent gases at the same Temp.

If a mixture of gases (at temp. T) contains na, nb, nc, …. moles of different gases whose partial Pr.s are Pa, Pb, Pc,…. etc.
respectively, the total Pr. P of the mixture is;

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 Properties of Gases
Law of Partial Volumes (Amagat):-

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Ideal Gases

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Ideal Gases

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Ideal Gases

P-V isothermals are found to be

hyperbolic only at fairly high T

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Ideal Gases

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Real Gases

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Real Gases

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 Real Gases
T1 < T2 < T3 = TB < T4

✓ The curves obtained for H2 and He at 0 oC is above their TB

✓ So, with increase of P, the value of PV increases from beginning
Compressibility factor (Z) is used to measure the extent of deviation of the real gases from ideal behaviour

Z=1; Ideal gas, there is no deviation of the gas from the ideal behavior
Z1; Non-ideal gas, departure of the value of Z from unity is a measure of the extent of non-ideality
of the gas
✓ Tc → The highest temperature at which gaseous state starts condensing into liquid state
✓ TB → The temperature at which real gases obey ideal gas equation over an appreciable pressure range
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Real Gases

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0
 Real Gases

TB values: N2 : 50 oC CO2 : 450 oC

H2 : –164 oC CH4 : 498 K
He : –250 oC O2 : 406 K

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