9.

Define the following

(a) Displacement and Deadweight (c) Freeboard
(b) Gross tonnage and Net tonnage (d) Propelling power allowance

(a) Displacement and Deadweight

 When a ship in loaded condition floats at an arbitrary water line, its displacement is
equal to the relevant mass of water displaced by the ship.

 Displacement comprise the ship's light weight and its deadweight , where the
deadweight is equal to the ship's loaded capacity, including bunkers and other supplies
necessary for the ship's propulsion.

 Thus the deadweight at any time represents the difference between the actual
displacement and the ship's light weight. All are given in tons;

Deadweight = displacement – light weight

(b) Gross Tonnage and Net Tonnage

 There are measurements as Gross Tonnage (GT) and Net Tonnage (NT) where one ton =
100 cubic feet = 2.83 cubic meter.

 These measurements express the size of the internal volume of the ship in accordance
with the given rules for such measurements, and are extensively used for
calculating harbour and canal dues / charges.

(c) Freeboard

 The vertical distance from the summer load waterline to the top of the freeboard deck
plating, measured at the ship's side amidships.

 Evaluation of minimum freeboard is a statutory requirement under Merchant shipping

load line rules and freeboard markings are made at both sides of shell plating
amidships. This ensures that the vessel

 has adequate structure and stability for its intended service

 has a hull that is essentially watertight from keel to freeboard deck and weather-
tight above this deck

 has a high enough working platform to allow safe movement on the exposed deck in
the heavy seas.

 has enough reserve buoyancy to avoid danger of foundering or plunging in a heavy

seaway.

W.H.A
(d) Propelling Power Allowance

This is the largest deduction and is determined according to certain criteria, as follows:

 If the machinery space tonnage is between 13% and 20% of the gross
tonnage, the propelling power allowance (PPA) is 32% of the gross tonnage.

 If the machinery space tonnage is less than 13% of the gross tonnage, the PPA is the
amount expressed as a proportion of 32% of the gross tonnage.

E.g. For machinery space tonnage is 12% of gross tonnage

PPA = 12/13 x 32% of gross tonnage

 If the machinery space tonnage is more than 20% of the gross tonnage, the PPA is
1.75 times the machinery space tonnage.

 Maximum limit for PPA is 55% of the gross tonnage.

If any part of the light and air space is included in the gross tonnage then it may be
included in the machinery space tonnage.

W.H.A