English

Lesson 1: Active and Passive Voice

DIFFERENCE OF LINKING VERB AND HELPING VERB .

The main difference between linking and helping verbs is that linking verbs act as the main verb of a
sentence whereas helping verbs do not act as the main verb. In addition, helping verbs are generally
used with action verbs whereas linking verbs do not denote an action.

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

• The active voice asserts that the person or thing represented by the grammatical subject performs the

action represented by the verb.

• The passive voice makes the subject the person or thing acted on or affected by the action
represented by the verb.

ACTIVE VOICE
SUBJECT + VERB + RECEIVER OF THE ACTION

PASSIVE VOICE
RECEIVER OF THE ACTION + WAS OR WERE + PAST PARTICIPLE OF THE VERB +BY+ SUBJECT.
Lesson 2: Sources of Information

TYPES OF INFORMATION SOURCE

Books
Cover virtually any topic, fact or fiction. when looking for reliable and accurate information, which has
gone through the process of publication.

Encyclopedias
Collections of short, factual entries often written by different contributors who are knowledgeable about
the topic. when looking for background information on a topic.

Journals
Collection of articles usually written by scholars in an academic or professional field. when finding out
what has been studied on your topic, when looking for references that point to other relevant research.

Magazines
Collection of articles and images about diverse topics of popular interest and current events. When
looking for information or opinions about popular culture, when looking for articles written for people
who are not necessarily specialists about a topic.

Newspapers
Collection of articles about current events usually published daily. to find current information about
international, national and local events.

Newspapers
Collection of articles about current events usually published daily. to find current information about
international, national and local events.

Library
Catalog an organized and searchable collection of records of every item in a library and can be found on
the library home page. to find out what items the library owns relevant to your topic.

Internet
Allows you to access most types of information on the Internet through a browser. to find current
information, about companies, from all levels of government - federal to local, find both expert and
popular opinions about hobbies or personal interests, etc.

Search Engine
A search engine is a website through which users can search internet content. To do this, users enter the
desired search term into the search field. The search engine then looks through its index for relevant
websites and displays them in the form of a list. The search engine’s internal evaluation algorithm
determines which position a website will get in the search results. Google, Bing and Yahoo are examples
of popular search engines. You may type in any of the addresses on the URL bar of your web browser
(Google Chrome, Safari or Mozilla Firefox) and key in any words or phrases to look for information.

URL – Uniform Resource locator

Navigating Website

To enter the world wide web ( www ) you need to have either of this two.

1. Internet Connection or WIFI

2. Data Subscription

There are two ways to search for info

1. Using keyword/s
2. Using URL

Blog is a website that contains written events, stories, topics, etc.

USES OF WEBSITE
1. To sell products and services
2. To post and find information on the web
3. To gain knowledge
4. To communicate with each other
5. To have fun

a website ( also written as web site)

is a collection of web pages and related content identified by a common domain name and published on
atleast one web server. Notable examples are Wikipedia.org, google.com, and amazon.com. all publicly
accessible websites collectively constitute the world wide web (www).

Linear and Non-Linear Texts

linear
-traditional text
-need to be read from beginning to end
Non Linear
-non-traditional text