Parts of a Computer

Internal Parts of a Computer External Parts of a Computer

Names: Names:
• CPU/Processor • Monitor
• Hard Drive • Keyboard
• Motherboard • Mouse
• Sound Card • Web Camera
• Network Card • Speakers
• RAM • Microphone/Mike
• Graphics Processing Unit • Headphone
(GPU) • Printer
• Fan • Scanner
• Pendrive / USB Flash Drive
• UPS
• Power Cord

Computer Parts and Their Functions

Central Processing Unit (CPU):
The complete form of the CPU is the Control Processing
Unit, which is the brain of the computer. CPU consist of
the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and Control Unit (CU),
which perform and control arithmetic and logical
function.
All the data given by the input devices is performed inside the processor to get the
desired result.
The modern computer comes with a multi-core processor (Multiple CPU is a Single
Chip), which helps to increase the processing power. It also helps to do multitasking
operations in the computer system.

Hard Drive:
A hard disk is a non-volatile data storage device that stores
various kinds of data, retrieves it per need, and maintains the
data even after it turns off.
HDD is one example of a hard disk that is available in laptops,
mobiles, and other electronics to store the software program, operation systems,
and other files using the magnetic disk. These hard drives connect with the
motherboard through parallel or series ATA or Small Computer System interfaces.

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Motherboard:
A motherboard is a circuit board that is integrated into
the computer case. It helps to provide connectivity and
communication between the CPU, RAM, and other
computer hardware.
A motherboard is also called a mainboard. It consists of parts such as RAM, ROM,
CPU, sound card, video card, input/output ports, network card, and storage devices.

Sound Card:
In most cases, a sound chip is installed on the
motherboard to generate sound output. For better sound
output, it is necessary to have a great and high-quality
sound card.
A sound card is nothing but an expansion card on the
motherboard of the computer system via a USB port or PCI slot.
The sound card also requires a proper driver and software installed on the computer
system to control and produce high-quality sound through headphones, speakers,
and a mic.

Network Card:
Network Interface Card is the hardware component that
connects the computer to the computer networks. Its other
names are network adapter, LAN, network interface, and
controller.
It uses LAN to communicate for the local network, but for the large-scale network, it
uses Internet Protocol for communication. NIC uses a transceiver to transfer parallel
data into serial data.
Each card has its unique name and number, like the MAC number, which differs as
per the manufacturer.

RAM:
RAM is the Random Access Memory, the short-term memory
of the computer. It stores the processor data temporarily
and is fast to access rather than the hard drive and other
storage
devices. The data of RAM get erased when we turn off the device.
The selection of the computer, laptop, and mobile mostly depends on the RAM
capacity. It is necessary for efficient performance and not getting your device to
lag.
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Graphics Processing Unit (GPU):
Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) is an electronic circuit for
displaying high-quality images and graphics. It is done by
simply performing the arithmetic calculation.
As we know, the Graphics Processing Unit helps in the processing of 2D data as well
as the decoding of 3D data such as videos and animation. The Graphics Processing
Unit is called a Graphics Card or Video or Display Card.
As higher the memory of the Graphics Processing Unit, the higher the visual effect on
a computer screen. This high-quality graphics card is widely used by professional
gamers.

Fan:
The fan is the internal part of the computer system. Its primary
function is to provide air circulation to the inner part of the
computer and reduce overheating.
Overheating causes physical damage to the component. Proper cooling of the part
increases the life span of computer parts. BIOS controls the speed of the fan.
There is a variety of fans present in a system, like CPU fans, GPU fans, and power
supply fans.

Monitor:
The monitor is one of the main parts of the computer system
and is also called a Virtual Display Unit. It is made of glass,
circuitry, an adjustment button, power supplies, and more.
The video card is inside the monitor, which displays the
images, video, and text. The adjustment button on the
monitor adjusts the brightness.
In the early days, the monitor had a CRT (Cathode ray tube) display, which was very
heavy and bulky. Nowadays, light, and thin display monitors are available and are
known as flat panel displays.
Apart from these, LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) and LED (Light Emitting Diode) displays
are the most common display in the market.

Keyboard:
The keyboard is the primary input device that gives
different inputs to the computer. So, we can
communicate and interact with the computer.
The keyboard looks and works the same as a traditional typewriter, but the main
difference is that the keyboard has some extra keys and looks different.

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Generally, there are two types of keyboards in the market. The mechanical and
membrane type can be wired or may be wireless. A typical keyboard consists of a set
of keys which are alphabetical, numerical, special, number, and arrow keys.
With these keys, we give instructions to the computer to populate the data or give
instructions to do specific tasks.
The material of the keys and keyboard body is plastic. On each key specific letters
and or words are written to know their use and function.

Mouse:
A mouse is another input device that directly interacts with a
computer system. A mouse is a pointing device and uses the
“Point to Click “approach.
The main function of the mouse is to move the pointer on the screen and
select/open the folder in the computer by buttons. A typical mouse has three
buttons, left, right, and middle scroll buttons.
Some new generation mouse have more than 3 buttons, which has a unique
function. Generally, the mouse divides into 2 types which are the mechanical and
optical mouse.
The mechanical mouse uses ball and scroll technology to move the cursor, while the
optical mouse uses laser technology to move the cursor.

Webcam:
The webcam is yet another external part of the computer. The
primary function of the webcam is to capture images and videos and
send them to the computer in digital format.
This webcam is not like a digital camera because a webcam is needed to connect to a
computer to perform this action.

Speakers:
Speakers are optional parts of the computer. These speakers are
connected to a computer via USB to get output in the audio
format while watching movies or hearing to songs.
This speaker is attached to the sound card, which converts electromagnetic waves
into audio waves. This speaker also has an amplifier that adjusts the volume of
sound.
As it is not an integral part of the computer, we can use different speakers per the
manufacturer and requirement.
Nowadays, computers and laptops are coming into the market with inbuilt speaker

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Microphone/Mike:
The microphone is another external part of the computer. The
primary function of the microphone is to give voice input to the
computer system. This microphone comes in various sizes and
shapes.
We can also connect to the computer when we need to insert audio into the
presentation or broadcasting and voice conferencing.

Headphone:
The headphone is the device from which we hear the sound. When
we are talking on the call, through the mike, we convey our message
to the other person, but with headphones, we listen to the other
person.
It is an output device of the computer. As per the requirement, we
can
adjust the sound intensity. It helps to make our online conversation easy and
effective.
In the market, there are various companies making headphones. Each has a different
design and features.

Printer:
The printer is an output device connected to a computer system to
print data on paper. It takes electronic data from the computer and
takes an exact copy of that document in monochrome (Black and
white) or colored format.
The printer may be wired or wireless.

Scanner:
The scanner is the device to scan physical documents such as
pdf or images and reads each character on the paper using
optical technology. After scanning and reading, it sends all
the data to a computer system for further manipulation.
The scanner is just the opposite of the printer. It is an input device of the computer
and converts physical documents into a digital format like JPEG, PDF, etc.
Photo scanners, Flatbed scanners, and handheld scanners are typical examples of
scanners.

Pendrive/USB Flash Drive:

Pendrive is a portable data-storing device that can carry wherever we
want. It is small in dimension, and we can place it in our pockets. We
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connect it to the USB port of the motherboard to access the data.
Without any additional power source, we can access the Pendrive
through the USB port.

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We can take backups of the essential data and any other data in Pendrive. It helps to
transfer the data from one computer to the other by simply inserting the Pendrive.
There are various sizes of Pendrive available in the market, which starts from 2GB
onward. Adata, HP, SanDisk, and Sony are the best manufacturer of
it.

UPS:
UPS is Uninterruptable Power Supply. It is a hardware device that
gives power backup to our computer system when the primary
electricity source does not supply the power.
UPS consists of a battery inside its cover, which keeps our system running for a
shorter period to protect a data loss.
The main advantage of UPS is that we get enough time to save our data and correctly
switch the system. When electricity cuts suddenly without UPS, there are chances to
lose the data.

Power Cord:
The power cord is the primary cable to provide power to the
computer. One end of the power cord is connected to the UPS, and
another to the computer case. Other cables connect the printer,
scanner, and monitor to the computer.

Conclusion:
We all know computers change the life of human beings. Every advancement in
computer parts makes life easier to lower effort. With time and innovations, the
parts of the computer sizes are becoming smaller and increasing efficiency. Each part
plays a good role in making a computer a supercomputer.

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