SALT ANALYSIS

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Sakshi Vora
IIT Roorkee

❏ 7+ years Teaching experience

❏ 10th, 12th CBSE State Topper

❏ KVPY fellow
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SAKSHI SAKSHI
Salt Analysis
Qualitative
Analysis
Dry tests
Dry Test
Dry tests are preliminary test which are used for detection of s-
block paramagnetic cations, these tests are of following types.

(i) Flame test (usually applied for detection of s-block cations)

(ii) Borax Bead Test
Flame test
Flame Test
It is performed with the help of platinum coated wire which is first dipped in
conc. HCl and brought in contact with given solid mixture. In this way, given
salts are converted into more volatile chloride salt which impart
characteristic colour to flame except Be2+ and Mg2+ cation (do not impart
colour due to high ionization energy)
Borax Bead test
Borax Bead Test :
Formation of Bead :
When Borax is heated on platinum coated wire loop, then it first
swells up due to loss of water of crystallisation and covers entire
portion of loop, which on further heating gives transparent
crystalline Bead of sodium meta borate and Boric Anhydride (NaBO2
+ B2O3).
Borax Bead Test :

Note : All above colour of bead are observed in their cold condition
(without touching flame.)
Wet tests
Wet tests
Different tests with sulphuric acid
Different tests with sulphuric acid
Test for carbonate
&
bicarbonate
Carbonate (CO32-) / Bicarbonate (HCO3- )
:
Test for sulphite
Sulphite (SO32-) :
Test for sulphide
Sulphide (S2-) :
 Test for
thiosulphate
Thiosulphate (S2O32-) :
Thiosulphate (S2O32-) :
Test for acetate
Nitrite (NO2-)
Acetate
Test for nitrite
Nitrite (NO2-)
Nitrite (NO2-)
Test for fluoride
Fluoride (F-) :
Test for chloride
bromide iodide
Chloride (CI-), Bromide (Br-) and Iodide (I-) :
Chloride (CI-), Bromide (Br-) and Iodide (I-) :
Test for nitrate
Nitrate
Test for oxalate
Oxalate (C2O42-) :
Test for borate
Borate (BO33- / B4O72-) :
Final conclusion
Tests with dilute & conc sulphuric acid
Confirmatory tests
Confirmatory tests
For carbonate
Confirmatory test for carbon dioxide
Confirmatory test for carbon dioxide
Confirmatory test for carbon dioxide
Confirmatory tests
For sulphite
Confirmatory test for sulphite
Confirmatory test for sulphite
Confirmatory test
for thiosulphate
Confirmatory test for thiosulphate
Confirmatory test for thiosulphate
Confirmatory test for thiosulphate
Confirmatory test for thiosulphate
Confirmatory test
for nitrite
Confirmatory test for nitrite
Confirmatory test for nitrite
Confirmatory test
for sulphide
Confirmatory test for sulphide
Confirmatory test for sulphide
Confirmatory test for sulphide
Confirmatory test for sulphide
Confirmatory test for sulphide
Confirmatory test for sulphide
Confirmatory tests
for acetate
Confirmatory test for acetate
Confirmatory test for acetate
Confirmatory tests
for fluoride
Confirmatory test for fluoride
Confirmatory tests
for chloride,
bromide, iodide
Confirmatory test for chloride, bromide,
iodide
Confirmatory test for chloride, bromide,
iodide
Confirmatory test for chloride, bromide,
iodide
Confirmatory test for chloride, bromide,
iodide
Confirmatory test for chloride, bromide,
iodide
Confirmatory tests
for nitrate
Confirmatory test for nitrate
Confirmatory test for nitrate
Confirmatory test for nitrate
Confirmatory tests
for oxalate
Confirmatory test for oxalate
Confirmatory test for oxalate
Confirmatory tests
for chromate &
dichromate
Confirmatory test for chromate & dichromate
Confirmatory test for chromate & dichromate
Confirmatory test for chromate & dichromate
Confirmatory test for chromate & dichromate
Confirmatory tests
for manganate &
permanganate
Confirmatory test for manganate &
permanganate
Confirmatory test for manganate &
permanganate
Confirmatory tests
for phosphate
Confirmatory test for phosphate
Confirmatory test for phosphate
Tests for basic
radicals
Basic radicals
Basic radicals
Important points
Important points
Important points
Important points
Important points
Analysis of group 1
Analysis of group 1
Analysis of group 1
Analysis of group 2
Analysis of group 2
Analysis of group 2
Analysis of group 2
Analysis of group
3
Analysis of group 3
Analysis of group 3
Analysis of group
4
Analysis of group 4
Analysis of group 4
Analysis of group
5
Analysis of group 5
Analysis of group 5
Analysis of group
6
Analysis of group 6
Analysis of group 6
Confirmatory test
for cations
Silver
Lead
Hg2+
Copper
Bismuth
Ferrous
Ferric
Aluminium
Ni
Zinc
Cobalt
Manganese
Analysis of group
0
Analysis of group 0
Analysis of group 0
PYQs
Confirmatory test for sulphite
A.

B.
[Main Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
C.

D.
A.

B. [Adv. 2019]

C.

D.
A.
[Main April 8, 2017]
B.

C.

D.
A.

B. [Main April 9, 2013]

C.

D.
A.

B.

C.

D.
[Main. 2016]
[Adv.
2014]
 [Adv. 2019]

A.

B.

C.

D.
A.

B.

C.

D.

[Adv. 2018]
A. [Adv. 2016]

B.

C.

D.
A. [Adv. 2015]

B.

C.

D.
 [Adv. 2013-II]

A.

B.

C.

D.
A.

B.
[Adv. 2013-II]
C.

D.
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SAKSHI SAKSHI
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