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Dis Tri Buci Ones
Dis Tri Buci Ones
Dis Tri Buci Ones
6
6 2
6 2
(
+ $
n n!
P (X = x) = · px · (1 − p)n−x = · px · (1 − p)n−x
x x! · (n − x)!
x = 0, 1, 2, . . . , n
+ $ $
x
x
n!
F (x) = P (X ≤ x) = P (X = k) = · pk · (1 − p)n−k .
k=0 k=0
k! · (n − k)!
7 < + 76-N7@$'@Ax>n>p> B
x 5
B (n, p) . 6 ,)<6$1
(#
0.6 0.6
0.4 0.4
0.2 0.2
x x
0 0
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0.6 0.6
0.4 0.4
0.2 0.2
x x
0 0
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0.6 0.6
0.4 0.4
0.2 0.2
x x
0 0
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0.6 0.6
0.4 0.4
0.2 0.2
x x
0 0
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+ ) '- 5 n = 3 p = 0.3 0.5 0.7 ( 0.9 !%5 n = 7
p = 0.3 0.5 0.7 ( 0.9
(
-
n
n
n!
E (X) = x · P (X = x) = x· · px · (1 − p)n−x = n · p.
x=0 x=0
x! · (n − x)!
-
n
V ar (X) = (x − E (X))2 · P (X = x)
x=0
n
n!
= (x − n · p)2 · · px · (1 − p)n−x
x=0
x! · (n − x)!
= n · p · (1 − p) .
(&
0.4 0.4
0.3 0.3
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.1
x x
0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0.4 0.4
0.3 0.3
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.1
x x
0 0
0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
+ ) 65 λ = 1.5 ( λ = 3 6,5 λ = 10 ( λ = 15
+ $
λx −λ
P (X = x) = ·e , x = 0, 1, 2, . . .
x!
6 λ ,
+ $ $
x
x
λk
F (x) = P (X ≤ x) = P (X = k) = · e−λ .
k=0 k=0
k!
-
+∞
+∞
λx −λ
E (X) = x · P (X = x) = x· · e = λ.
x=0 x=0
x!
(%
0.2
0.1
x
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
+ ) 6'5 B (120, 0.05) *,5 P (6.0)
-
+∞
+∞
λx −λ
V ar (X) = (x − E (X))2 · P (X = x) = (x − λ)2 · · e = λ.
x=0 x=0
x!
7 # $ $ #
(/
0.4
0.2
x
−4 −2 0 2 4
: 1 : : 1
μ σ, X
N (μ, σ)1 9 $
1 x−μ 2
· e− 2 ( )
1
f (x) = √ σ
2·π· σ2
((
0.6 0.6
0.4 0.4
0.2 0.2
x x
−6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6 −4 −2 0 2 4
0.6 0.6
0.4 0.4
0.2 0.2
x x
−6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6 −4 −2 0 2 4
0.6 0.6
0.4 0.4
0.2 0.2
x x
−6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6 −4 −2 0 2 4
0.6 0.6
0.4 0.4
0.2 0.2
x x
−6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6 −4 −2 0 2 4
+ ) & 7 '- 5
N (0, 1) 8,9 , N (−2, 1) N (−1, 1) N (1, 1) ( N (2, 1) 8'9: !%5
N (0, 1) 8,9 , N (0, 0.6) N (0, 0.8) N (0, 1.2) ( N (0, 1.4) 8'9
""
, : ;
+ $ $
x x
1 t−μ 2
· e− 2 ( ) dt.
1
F (x) = f (t) dt = √ σ
−∞ −∞ 2 · π · σ2
-
+∞ +∞
1 x−μ 2
· e− 2 ( ) dx = μ.
1
E (X) = x · f (x) dx = x· √ σ
−∞ −∞ 2 · π · σ2
-
+∞ +∞
1 x−μ 2
·e− 2 ( ) dx = σ 2 .
2 1
E (X) = (x − E (X)) ·f (x) dx = (x − μ)2 · √ σ
−∞ −∞ 2 · π · σ2
7 + +
;
"
X−μ
' # 0 X N (μ, σ) Z = σ
N (0, 1)
P (x1 ≤ X ≤ x2 ) = P (x1 − μ ≤ X − μ ≤ x2 − μ)
x1 − μ X−μ x2 − μ
= P ≤ ≤
σ σ σ
x1 − μ x2 − μ
P (x1 ≤ X ≤ x2 ) = P ≤Z≤ .
σ σ
, &
"
0.4
0.2
x
−4 −2 0 2 4 6
0.4
0.2
x
−4 −2 0 2 4 6
0.4
0.2
x
−4 −2 0 2 4 6
"
7 # $ # $ #
1 + : + 5
n · p > 5 p < 12 n · (1 − p) > 5 p > 12
"#
1
b−a
1
b−a
a b a b
+ $ $
⎧
x
⎪
⎨ 0 x<a
x−a
F (x) = f (t) dt = a≤x≤b .
−∞ ⎪
⎩
b−a
1 x>b
-
+∞ b
x a+b
E (X) = x · f (x) dx = dx = .
−∞ a b−a 2
-
b 2
+∞
2 a+b 1 (a − b)2
E (X) = (x − E (X)) · f (x) dx = x− dx = .
−∞ a 2 b−a 12
+ $ $
x
0 x≤0
F (x) = f (t) dt = .
−∞ 1 − e−λ·x x>0
"
3 3
2 2
1 1
x x
0 0
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3
3 3
2 2
1 1
x x
0 0
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3
3 3
2 2
1 1
x x
0 0
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3
+ ) 0 7 E (λ) ! '-
% ( ,5 λ = 0.5 λ = 1.0 λ = 1.5 λ = 2.0 λ = 2.5 (
λ = 3.0
"&
-
+∞ +∞
1
E (X) = x · f (x) dx = x · λ · e−λ·x dx = .
−∞ 0 λ
-
+∞ +∞ 2
2 1 1
V ar (X) = (x − E (X)) · f (x) dx = x− · λ · e−λ·x dx = 2 .
−∞ 0 λ λ
: 1 : : 1
3 α > 0 u,
X G (α, u)1 9 $
−α·(x−u)
f (x) = α · e−α·(x−u) · e−e , x∈R
+ $ $
x x
−α·(t−u) −α·(x−u)
F (x) = f (t) dt = α · e−α·(t−u) · e−e dt = e−e , x ∈ R.
−∞ −∞
-
C
E (X) = u + ,
α
C + C = 0.5772156
-
π2
V ar (X) =
6 · α2 .
"%
1.2 1.2
1.0 1.0
0.8 0.8
0.6 0.6
0.4 0.4
0.2 0.2
x x
−5−4−3−2−1 0 1 2 3 4 5 −5−4−3−2−1 0 1 2 3 4 5
1.2 1.2
1.0 1.0
0.8 0.8
0.6 0.6
0.4 0.4
0.2 0.2
x x
−5−4−3−2−1 0 1 2 3 4 5 −5−4−3−2−1 0 1 2 3 4 5
1.2 1.2
1.0 1.0
0.8 0.8
0.6 0.6
0.4 0.4
0.2 0.2
x x
−5−4−3−2−1 0 1 2 3 4 5 −5−4−3−2−1 0 1 2 3 4 5
1.2 1.2
1.0 1.0
0.8 0.8
0.6 0.6
0.4 0.4
0.2 0.2
x x
−5−4−3−2−1 0 1 2 3 4 5 −5−4−3−2−1 0 1 2 3 4 5
+ ) ! 7 G (α, u) '- 5 u =
−2 α = 1.0 1.5 2.5 (3.5 !%5 u = 1 α = 1.0 1.5 2.5 (3.5
"/
E (X) = n,
σ 2 = 2 · n.
"(
3 0.5
0.4
2
0.3
0.2
1
0.1
x x
0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 2 4 6 8
0.25 0.25
0.20 0.20
0.15 0.15
0.10 0.10
0.05 0.05
x x
0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
0.25 0.25
0.20 0.20
0.15 0.15
0.10 0.10
0.05 0.05
x x
0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
0.25 0.25
0.20 0.20
0.15 0.15
0.10 0.10
0.05 0.05
x x
0 0
0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
+ ) 2 7 χ2n '- 5 n = 1
n = 3 n = 10 ( n = 20: !%5 n = 2 n = 5 n = 15 ( n = 25
"
0.04 0.04
0.03 0.03
0.02 0.02
0.01 0.01
0 x0 x
0 40 80 120 0 40 80 120
+ ) 6 . χ2 '
√
- 5 χ240 8'9 ( N 40, 80
8,9: !%5 χ280 8'9 (
√
N 80, 160 8,9
Z N (0, 1) ,
Y χ2n
Z
X=
Y /n
Γ n+1
2 1
f (x) = √ n
· 2 (n+1)/2
π·n·Γ 2 x
+1
n
E (X) = 0,
n
σ2 = , n > 2.
n−2
0.4 0.4
0.3 0.3
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.1
x x
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4
0.4 0.4
0.3 0.3
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.1
x x
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4
0.4 0.4
0.3 0.3
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.1
x x
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4
0.4 0.4
0.3 0.3
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.1
x x
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4
+ ) 7 tn '- 5 n = 1
n = 3 n = 10 ( n = 20: !%5 n = 2 n = 5 n = 15 ( n = 25
0.4 0.4
0.3 0.3
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.1
x x
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4
+ ) 6 . t '
- 5 t20 8'9 ( N 0, 10 9
8,9:!%5 t40 8'9 (
10
N 0, 7
8,9
Z χ2n
Y χ2m
#
1.2 1.2
0.8 0.8
0.4 0.4
0 x 0 x
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3
1.2 1.2
0.8 0.8
0.4 0.4
0 x 0 x
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3
1.2 1.2
0.8 0.8
0.4 0.4
0 x 0 x
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3
1.2 1.2
0.8 0.8
0.4 0.4
0 x 0 x
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3
+ ) " 7 Fn,m '- 5 n = 25
m = 10 m = 50 m = 100 ( m = 200: !%5 m = 25 n = 10
n = 50 n = 100 ( n = 200
m
E (X) = , m > 2,
m−2
2 · m2 · (n + m − 2)
σ2 = , m > 4.
n · (m − 2)2 · (m − 4)
Z/n
X=
Y /m
1 Y /m
= .
X Z/n
&
! "