Program: B.

Tech, CS/ IT/ EC/CE/ME, 1st sem /1st year

BT-102: Engineering Mathematics I

Module V

Matrices
Topic : Introduction on Matrices

Jul-Dec 2020-21
Lecture 1
Dr M . S. Bhadauriya
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Mathematics
1
 Outlines
• Prerequisites
• Real Life Examples
• Introduction on Matrices .
• Definition on Matrices .
• Example on matrices .
• Order of matrices , Row matrices & column matrices .
• Learning Outcomes
• References

BT-102
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 Prerequisites

 Some basic Knowledge of Matrices .

 Some basic knowledge of Row & column .
 Some basic knowledge of Order of Matrices .

BT-102
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 SSome
Real lifeapplications
Exampleof the Vector spaces:ome applications of the Vector spaces:

Applications of Matrices in Various Fields

•Cryptography: Cryptography is a practice of hiding information for

security purposes. Suppose you have a confidential...
•Fourier analysis
•Gauss theorem
•Finding electric currents using matrix equations
•Finding forces in the bridge .

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=
Introduction on Matrices .

In 1985 Arthur Cayley presented the system of matrices called

Theory of matrices. It was the latest way to solve the system of
linear equation. It is undoubtedly the most powerful tool in
mathematics. It is being used in various science as well as a
business field like budgeting, cost estimation, sales projection,
etc. Matrices are also used in cryptography.

α1
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1
Basics of Matrix

A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers or function. The numbers

inside the matrix are called the elements or entries.

It is a systematic arrangement of the element and may represent vector

or scalar quantity.

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<SELO: 1,2> Reference No.: R1 6
 Basics of Matrix

Matrix is donated by capital letters and the element are enclosed

in [ ] square brackets or ( ) parenthesis.

We can add, subtract, and multiply matrices together, under certain

conditions.
.

V1

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 Basics of Matrix

The following are some examples of matrices:

A=

A= B=

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 Basics of Matrix

In the above example, the horizontal lines of the element are called
rows of the matrix and the vertical lines of the element are called
column of the matrix.

Thus, A has 2 rows and 2 columns while B has 3 rows and 3

columns.

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 Basics of Matrix

Order of a Matrix-

It means how many rows and columns are there in a matrix. In

matrix, the total number of rows is donated by m and columns are
donated by n i.e. (m*n)

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 Basics of Matrix

For example:

A11 means 1st row and 1st column. Similarly, A21 means
2nd row and 2nd column. The total number of elements i.e. rows and
columns in a matrix is denoted by m*n.

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 Basics of Matrix

Row Matrix-
A matrix having only one row is called a row matrix.

Thus A = [aij]mxn is a row matrix if m = 1. So, a row matrix can

be represented as A = [aij]1×n. It is called so because it has only
one row and the order of a row matrix will hence be 1 × n.
For example, A = [1 2 4 5] is row matrix of order 1 x 4.
.

BT-102 <SELO: 1,2> Reference No.: R2

 Basics of Matrix

Column Matrix -

A matrix having only one column is called a column matrix. Thus, A =

[aij]mxn is a column matrix if n = 1. Thus, the value of for a column matrix will
be 1. Hence, the order is m × 1.
An example of a column matrix- 1
2
3

BT-102 <SELO: 1,2> Reference No.: R2

 Learning Outcomes
To understand the concept of Matrices & Definition .
To understand the concept of Order of Matrices &
Row , column matrices .

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References

1.G.B. Thomas and R.L. Finney, Calculus and Analytic geometry,

9th Edition, Pearson, Reprint, 2002.
2.Erwin kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 9th
Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2006.
3.Ramana B.V., Higher Engineering Mathematics, Tata McGraw
Hill New Delhi, 11thReprint, 2010.
4. B.S. Grewal, Higher Engineering Mathematics, Khanna
Publishers, 36th Edition, 2010.
5. D.C.Agarwal , Engineering Mathematics , Shree sai
publication 2019

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