Introduction and Overview of MSC based WLL(ZTE make)

Introduction and Overview of MSC based

WLL (ZTE make)
Contents

 Introduction:
 System Architecture
 Introduction to Various Network Entities
 BTS Subsystem
 Base Transceiver
 Base Station Controller
 Mobile Switching Subsystem
 Mobile Switching Center
 Visitor Location Register
 Home Location Register
 Authentication Center
 Short Message Center
 Operation and Maintenance Management Subsystem (OMM)
 Interfaces
 Air interface
 Interface between BSS and MSS – A interface
 BSS internal interface (Abis)
 MSS internal interfaces
 B interface
 C interface
 D interface
 E interface
 N interface
 Q interface
 Interface Protocols
 Salient features of ZXC10 MSC based WLL
 Conclusion

Objectives
After completion of this module you will be able to know:
 Basic architecture of MSC based WLL.
 Different entities involved and their basic functions.
 Interfaces connecting them.

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Introduction:

Wireless in Local Loop is a replacement for copper and because of the radio
interface certain benefits like mobility and roaming are inherently available. But since
WLL is confined to the existing fixed network, the above functionalities could not be
implemented fully.MSC based WLL provides a solution to this. It is a cellular mobile
communication with CDMA technology.
ZXC10-MSS is a CDMA mobile communication system developed on the basis
of the large-scale digital SPC switch ZXJ10 (V10.0) platform of ZTE. It provides
externally the MAP protocol interface based on No.7 signaling, which fully conforms to
the ANSI-41E specification. The CDMA mobile communication system ZXC10-MSS
system links with other entities in the network through the standard MAP signaling.
Every independent entity of the CDMA mobile communication system ZXC10-MSS can
be connected with devices of other manufacturers as an individual product.

System Architecture:

The CDMA cellular mobile communication system consists of four independent

subsystems: Mobile Station (MS), Base Transceiver Subsystem (BSS), Mobile Switching
Subsystem (MSS) and Operation & Maintenance Subsystem (OMM).

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BSC Base Station Controller

BTS Base Transceiver Station
MSC Mobile services Switching Center
OMC Operation and Maintenance Center
AUC Authentication Center
EIR Equipment Identification Register
HLR Home Location Register
VLR: Visitor Location Register
MS Mobile Station
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
PSPDN Public Switched Public Data Network
PLMN Public Land Mobile Network
SC Short Message Center

The figure also depicts various interfaces as available.

Introduction to Various Network Entities:

BTS Subsystem
BTS Subsystem (BSS) is the assembly of radio equipment and radio channel
control equipment, serving one or more cellular cells. In certain radio coverage, it is
controlled by the Mobile Switching Center (MSC) to implement channel assignment, user
access and paging, and information transfer. Normally, the BSS consists of one or more
BSCs and BTSs. The BTS is responsible for radio transmission and BSC for control and
management.
Base Transceiver
The Base Transceiver (BTS) belongs to the radio part of a base station system.
Controlled by BSC, it serves the radio transceiving equipment of a certain cell,
implements the conversion between BSC and radio channels, radio transmission through
air interface between BTS and MS and related control, and communicates with BSC
through the Abis interface.
Base Station Controller
One end of the Base Station Controller (BSC) can be connected with one or more
BTSs, while its other end can be connected with MSC and OMC. Oriented to radio
network, BSC implements radio network management, radio resource management and
radio BTS monitoring and management. It also controls the establishment, connection
and disconnection of radio connection between MS and BTS, controls the positioning,
handoff and paging of MS, provides voice coding and rate adjustment and carries out
operation and maintenance of the BSS.
Mobile Switching Subsystem
Mobile Switching Subsystem (MSS) implements the main switching functions of
the CDMA network. Meanwhile it manages the database for user data and mobility.

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Mobile Switching Center

MSC is the core of the CDMA network. It controls and implements voice channel
connection for MSs within its coverage, namely serving as an interface between CDMA
and other networks. The functions MSC carries out include call connection, charging,
BSS-MSC handoff, assist radio resource management and mobility management.
Besides, each MSC also implements the GMSC function for call route establishment to
the MS, namely, to query the location information of each MS.
MSC gets all data required for call request processing from three databases, VLR, HLR
and AUC.
Visitor Location Register
Visitor Location Register (VLR) is a dynamic user database, storing the related
user data of all MSs (visitors) within the MSC’s management range, including user ID,
MS’s location area information, user status and services available for the user.VLR gets
and stores all necessary data from the HLR of a mobile subscriber. Once the mobile
subscriber leaves the control area of the VLR, it will be registered in another VLR, and
the previous VLR will delete its data log.
Home Location Register
Home Location Register (HLR) is a static database, storing the data for mobile
subscriber management. Each mobile subscriber should be registered in its HLR. It stores
two kinds of information: parameters related with the mobile subscriber, including the
subscriber’s ID, access capability, user type and supplementary service; current location
information of the subscriber for call route establishment. For example: the address of
MSC or VLR. No matter where the mobile subscriber roams, its HLR should provide all
related parameters and input the latest location into the database.
Authentication Center
Authentication Center (AUC), a functional entity managing the authentication
information related with mobile stations (MSs). It implements MS authentication, stores
the MS authentication parameters, generates and sends the corresponding authentication
parameters according to the requests of MSC or VLR, including A-KEY, SSD, ESN,
MIN and AAV, and then calculates all random numbers to get the authentication result.
Short Message Center
Short Message Center (SC) is responsible for receiving, storing and forwarding
short messages between the CDMA mobile subscribers and fixed line users or between
mobile subscribers. It serves as a postal office, receiving mails from every place, sorts
them out and then distribute them to the corresponding users. Through SC, the messages
can be sent to destination more reliably. The short message services include point-to-
point server and cell broadcast service.

Operation and Maintenance Management Subsystem (OMM)

Operation & Maintenance Center (OMC) provides equipment operators with
network operation and maintenance services, manages subscriber information, makes
network planning and improves the efficiency and service quality of the whole system.
OMC includes OMC-S and OMC-R, depending on the part for maintenance. OMC-S is
responsible for the maintenance on the MSS side while OMC-R is responsible for the
maintenance on the BSS side. Its specific functions include: maintenance test, obstacle
check and handling, system status monitoring, real-time system control, office data
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modification, performance management, subscriber tracking, alarm and traffic

measurement.

Interfaces
Various interfaces exist in the CDMA system. They can be divided into the
following categories according to different subsystems:
Air interface Um between mobile terminals and the BSS,
A interface between BSS and MSS, and
Other interfaces between internal entities of the network.
Air interface
Um interface is defined as the communication interface between MS and BTS. It
is the key distinguishing the CDMA network from the GSM network and the most
important interface of the CDMA network.
This interface grants compatibility to MSs from different suppliers and networks
of different operators, enables MSs to roam, ensures the frequency efficiency of the
cellular system, and adopts a series of anti-interference technologies and interference
preventing measures. Obviously, the Um interface implements the physical connection
from MS to the fixed part of the CDMA system, i.e. the wireless connection. Besides, it
transfers information for radio resource management, mobility management and
connection management.
Interface between BSS and MSS – A interface
A interface is located between MSC and BSC. Its physical link is implemented
through standard PCM digital transmission link of 2.048Mbit/s. It transfers information
for MS management, BTS management, mobility management and connection
management.
BSS internal interface (Abis)
An interface between BSC and BTS is called the Abis interface. BSC on the Abis
interface provides signaling control information for BTS configuration, monitoring, and
testing and service control. Please refer to related documentation about the BTS side.
MSS internal interfaces

A MSC C
BTS BSC C
B
BS D HLR/AUC
VLR
S
E
VLR N
B
Q
MSC MC

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B interface
As an internal interface between VLR and MSC, the B interface is used by the
MSC to request the current location information of the MS from VLR or notify the VLR
to update the location information of the MS.

C interface
As an interface between HLR and MSC, the C interface transfers information for
route selection and management. Once a call is required to a MS, the Gateway MSC
(GMSC) will request the roaming number of the called MS from the HLR of the called
side. The physical link of the C interface is 2.048Mbit/s standard PCM digital
transmission cable.

D interface
As an interface between HLR and VLR, the D interface exchanges information
related with MS location and user management. It ensures that the MS can establish and
receives calls within the entire service area. Its physical link is 2.048Mbit/s standard
digital link.

E interface
It is the interface controlling different MSCs of adjacent areas. When the MS
moves, during a call, from the control area of one MSC to that of another MSC, this
interface can be used to exchange related handoff information to activate and complete
handoff, and thus to complete the cross-cell channel handoff process without interrupting
the communication. Its physical link is implemented through 2.048Mbit/s standard digital
link between MSCs.

N interface
This interface is used to transfer route information related with the called
subscriber between MC and HLR. Its physical link is implemented through 2.048Mbit/s
standard digital link.

Q interface
It is an interface between MS and MSC transferring short messages.

Interface Protocols
A protocol is the common language among various functional entities. It transfers
messages through interfaces to establish an effective information transmission channel to
complete all communication and management functions of the CDMA system.

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MS BTS BSC MSC

IS95 L3 IS95 L3 Abis L3 Abis L3 BSSAP BSSAP MAP

TCAP
IS95 L2 Abis L2 SCCP SCCP
IS95 L2 Abis L2

IS95 L1 IS95 L1 Abis L1 Abis L1 MTP

MTP

Um Abis A

DTAP: Direct Transfer Application Part

BSSMAP: BSS Mobile Application Part
SCCP: Signaling Connection Control Part
MTP: Message Transmission Part

Salient features of ZXC10 MSC based WLL:

1. Open signaling Interface.

It uses standard MAP protocol coupled with SS7.

2. High-reliability and high-performance database system

The database system of the CDMA mobile communication system ZXC10-MSS
adopts advanced Cluster technology. High-speed data links are used for the connection
between dual machines, and the disk array supports large-capacity database access.
Microsoft Windows NT operating system is used as the software platform, together with
the powerful commercial database management function of MS SQL Server, ensuring the
security and reliability of real-time data access.

3. Network configuration capability - large capacity and flexible configuration

Series products provided by ZTE, namely MSC, VLR, HLR, AUC, SC, VM, SSP,
TMSC2 and LSTP can be integrated together, and some of them can be independently
configured, with open interfaces provided.

4. Virtual HLR and Short Message Centre functions.

Subscribers belonging to different areas and administration scopes can be managed
separately by Virtual HLR and SCs to meet the requirements.

5. Powerful service functions

All types of services from voice to mobile data services are possible. IN services can be
implemented.

6. Excellent compatibility and expandability

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7. Excellent reliability
Since the vulnerable units are protected in active/standby mode, the reliability
increasers.

8. Perfect O&M System.

The O&M system works in Windows NT environment with SQL base. This environment is user
friendly and reliable.

Conclusion:
MSC based WLL will introduce a true cellular environment and several new
services which are not feasible in earlier WLL can be implemented. For discussion ZTE
make System has been considered.

Numbering Plan

In the CDMA network, different numbers are used in different places.

Because of the roaming feature of mobile subscribers, these numbers must be accepted
and identified at any switching equipment. Therefore, in mobile communication, it is
very necessary to give a unified numbering plan for different numbers to enable entities
in the network to distinguish and identify mutually.

Mobile Directory Number (MDN)

MDN is the number the caller must dial to call a mobile subscriber of the CDMA
network.

Structure of the MDN:

CC: Country Code, "86" stands for China.

MAC: Mobile Access Code, which is 133, according to the network number solution
used in this network.

H0H1H2H3: HLR identification code, allocated by the headquarters to local networks in a

uniform way.

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ABCD: Mobile subscriber number, allocated by each HLR.

IMSI and MIN

International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) is the unique number that

identifies a mobile subscriber in the CDMA digital public land cellular mobile
communication network.

This number should be written into the MS. It is a 15-digit decimal number in the
following structure:

MCC: Mobile country code, 460 for China;

MNC: Mobile network code, 03 for the local network;

MSIN: Mobile subscriber identification number, a 10-digit decimal

number.

MIN is defined following the AMPS standard to ensure the

CDMA/AMPS bimodal operation, and is the last 10 digits of IMSI,
namely MSIN, as required by this system.

MSIN is of the following structure:

XX is the MIN number segment allocated to China. 09 and 03 are

used by this network.

H0H1H2H3: same as the H0H1H2H3 in MDN.

ABCD: Subscriber number, obtainable according to the ABCD in

MDN by certain means of scrambling defined by the headquarters.

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HLR Number

Define an all-0 subscriber number for the HLR number. If the IMSI of a
subscriber belonging to the HLR is 460 03 09 H0H1H2H3 ABCD, The number of this HLR
will be:

460 03 09 H0H1H2H3 0000

Currently in China Unicom, H0=2 is defined, which means that the HLR number is
46003092H1H2H3 0000.

MSC Number

It is the unique number identifying the MS during GT addressing, also the

evidence for the network to locate the MSC. The MSC number is:

460 03 09 44 M1M2M3 100

M1M2M3 stand for different MSCs, same with M1M2 and H1H2.

Temporary Local Directory Number (TLDN)

To call a mobile subscriber, VLR allocates a temporary number to the mobile

subscriber for the network to select a route. China Unicom has specified 133, followed by
44. If the number segment 44 is not enough, 34 is also reserved as supplement, so the
number structure is:

CC shares the same MDN with MAC

M1M2M3 = the M1M2M3 of MSC

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Electronic Sequence Number (ESN)

ESN is the unique number used to identify a MS. One unique SN (Serial Number)
is allocated to every individual bimodal MS. It consists of 32 bits, and the equipment
serial number is set by the MS manufacturer.

System Identification (SID) and Network Identification (NID)

In the CDMA network, MS judges roaming based on a pair of identification codes

(SID and NID). The SID consists of 15 bits. This network first uses the 512 numbers
from bit 14 to bit 9, 110010. Each mobile local network is allocated with one SID
number, determined by the headquarters.The NID consists of 16 bits, with 0 and 65535
reserved. 0 is used to represent those BSs in a certain SID area that does not belong to a
specific NID area. 65535 means that a mobile subscriber can roam in the whole SID area.
The NID is allocated by each local network.

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