Solid Waste Management Practices of Resident in San Jose Stem 12 Linnaeus

SAN JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL, SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
BRGY. CAPAOAY, SAN JACINTO, PANGASINAN
Solid Waste Management Practices of Residents in Barangay San Jose
Maekyla Luisa G. Bruan
Abbiegail P. Del Campo
Jhairen Karel Ishii L. Nazam
Jhasmin Grace M. Nicomedez
Patricia Mae D. Puaso
Lahren S. Viado
Researchers
Donna Joy M. Corpuz
Subject Teacher
SAN JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL,
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………..
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………………………..
DEDICATION….……………………………………………………………...
CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM AND ITS
BACKGROUND…………………………………………………………………..
INTRODUCTION………………………………………….………….
RATIONALE OF THE STUDY…………………..…………………….…………..
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK…………………………………………………
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK……………………………….……….…………..
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM………………………………………….………
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY………………………………………….........
DEFINITION OF TERMS…………………………………….……..……………..
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES…………
CONCEPTUAL LITERATURE…………………………………………………….
RESEARCH LITERATURE………………………………………………………
SYNTHESIS……………………………………………………………………..
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH DESIGN
RESEARCH METHOD………………………………………………………
LOCALE OF THE STUDY……………………….……….…………………..
RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY………………………………………………
INSTRUMENTATION………………...…………………….……………….............
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE…………………………………….…………
STATISTICAL TREATMENTS OF DATA……………...…………………….…
CHAPTER IV: PRESENTATION OF DATA ……………………………..……………
CHAPTER V: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS…..……
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS…………………
CONCLUSIONS…………………………………………….
RECOMMENDATIONS……………………………..
REFERENCES/ BIBLIOGRAPHY......……………………………………………
APPENDICES.…………………………………………………………………...…
A. LETTER OF REQUEST TO CONDUCT STUDY…………………………………………………..
A. QUESTIONNAIRE…………………………………..…...
B. PICTORIALS/ DOCUMENTATIONS……………………………………..…
C. CURRICULUM VITAE……………………………………………………………
ABSTRACT
Solid waste management is the collection, transfer and disposal of all non–liquid and
non-gaseous solid materials from residential, commercial, institutional, construction and
demolishing and street sweeping. It is a consequence of day-to-today activity of
humankind that needs to be managed properly. Barangay San Jose faces a lot of
problems associated with a poorly managed solid waste system. However, this study
examined the level of compliance of the residents to the Solid Waste Management
practices. The purpose of this study was to determine the significant difference between
the levels of education of the concerned residents in terms of their compliance with the
Solid Waste Management practices thereof. Solid Waste Management practices
effectiveness was conceptualized and described as disposal, recovery, recycle, recycle,
reuse, reduce, and prevention as guided by Zero Waste theory. Questionnaire was the
principal instrument used to gather the needed data, and it makes use of the descriptive
comparative design of quantitative research. Respondents came from a quota of 40
randomly selected residents of Barangay San Jose. The mean and the analysis of
variance (ANOVA) were used in the data treatment. The study found out that the
residents practice the correct ways of managing waste and it gives equal emphasis to
the different domains of waste management. Findings show the level of solid waste
management in Barangay San Jose is very high and there is a significant difference
between the levels of education in terms of the level of compliance of the residents in
barangay San Jose. It recommended that the barangay, especially the officials, should
study the findings of the study so that they can address the indicators which have been
rated poor. Discussions, recommendations, limitations and suggestions for future
research study are further elaborated.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The researchers would like to express their heartfelt gratitude for the help and
contributions that had been given to them for the completion and accomplishment of this
research entitled: “SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN BARANGAY SAN JOSE”.
Profound thanks and appreciation are addressed:
To the researchers’ families and friends who became their inspiration in doing this
research, for their unending support as well as their words of encouragement especially
during the conduct of this study.
To the respondents of this research for their time in answering the questionnaire which
served as a big help;
To Mrs. Donna Joy M. Corpuz, the research adviser, for her undefying effort of
continued support and guidance with the distance learning mode during the entire
process in writing this research.
And to all who had helped us, a big thanks to all of you. This project will never be
successful without you.

DEDICATION
This research is whole-heartedly dedicated to the barangay San Jose especially
to its residents who served as the main subject and very reason why this study is
conducted.
Also, to Mrs. Donna Joy M. Corpuz, our research adviser, who equipped us with
knowledge and necessary skills that served as a foundation in building parts for us to
accomplish this study successfully. These learned knowledge and skills will enable us to apply
in the future.
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
INTRODUCTION
The main interest of this thesis research is to assess the challenges of solid
waste management and factors influencing its effectiveness. A case study in Barangay
San Jose. This chapter presents the introduction and is divided as follows: Rationale of
the study, problem statement, hypothesis, scope, significance of the study, definition of
terms, and the frameworks.
RATIONALE OF THE STUDY
The environment has been occupied by generated components or objects that
are determined as wastes. Wastes are defined as unwanted or unusable materials:
these are any substances that are discarded, worthless, defective, and no use. Waste
can be regarded as a human concept because they were the ones who manipulate these
materials. There are many types of wastes; out of these different wastes, solid wastes
are the most common and abundant.
Solid wastes are classified as any garbage waste; refused materials; sludge from
a wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control
facility; and other discarded material, resulting from industrial, commercial, mining, and
agricultural operations, and from community activities. According to EPA Guidelines
Liquid waste classification test (2003), any waste that is not gaseous and is not a liquid
waste is considered as solid waste. Thus, solid waste can be determined as solid, liquid,
semisolid, or contained gaseous material. There are also classifications of solid waste:
plastic, paper, glass, metal, and organic waste. Classification may also be based on
hazard potential, including radioactive, flammable, infectious, toxic, or non-toxic (World
of Earth Science 2008).
The presence of waste, especially solid waste, is an indication of consumption of
materials by humans and the living standard of people on the things that they are going to
utilize. Hence, the ever-increasing and rapid population growth aggravates the
overconsumption of objects which will soon turn into wastes. Based on Worldometer
elaboration of the latest United Nations data, the current population of the Philippines is
111,512,151 as of October 30, 2021, 1.34% increase from 2020. According to Philippine
Standard Geographic Code in the 2020 census, the municipality of San Jacinto has 44,
351 people residing; narrowing it to the researchers’ target location which is Barangay
San Jose, there are 3,172 residents which makes it the 4th most populated Barangay in
San Jacinto out of the 19 Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority (2015) projected
Philippine population to reach 142 million by 2045. This indicates about 49 million
persons added to the country’s population from 2010 to 2045, equivalent to an average
annual growth rate of 1.21%. With a record of 14.66 million tons of trash a year, the
Philippines is the 4th largest generator of solid waste among country-members of the
Association of Southeast Asian Nations, according to a report by the United Nations
Environment Program. The given data signifies the growing population of the Philippines
in the incoming years as well as the increasing generation of wastes. Indeed, solid waste
production is out of control.
In response to the issue of the uncontrolled production of waste, especially solid
wastes, solid waste management is the science that deals with prevention and monitoring
of wastes. According to Science dictionary (2017), it is defined as the discipline
associated with control of generation, storage, collection, transport or transfer, processing

and disposal of solid waste materials in a way that best corresponds to the range of
public health, conservation, aesthetic, engineering and other environmental
considerations. In its scope, solid waste management contains planning, administrative,
financial, engineering and legal functions. Solutions might include complex inter-
disciplinary relations among fields such as 10 public health, city and regional planning,
political science, geography, sociology, economics, communication and conservation,
demography, engineering and material sciences. (Baud et al, 2011).
Furthermore, the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 RA 9003
explains that solid waste management as a discipline in relationship with the control of
generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing, and disposal of solid
wastes. It just means to say that the manner by which these activities are conducted shall
be in accord with the best principles of public health, economics, engineering,
conservation, aesthetics, other environmental considerations, and public attitudes. Under
Waste Regulations (2017), people should implement the waste hierarchy; reduce, reuse,
recycle other recovery and disposal. By law, people should implement this hierarchy and
segregation helps with recycling in particular. (Environmental monitoring solution, 2007).
Waste can be segregated as: Biodegradable Waste, Non-BioDegradable Waste, and
Soiled. Nevertheless, some people do not know the importance of segregation and as a
consequence; there are lots of problems concerning waste disposal and segregation.
The Philippine government manipulated a decree to further understand the
environmental cause. On July 24, 2000, the Philippine Congress enacted RA 9003 or the
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act. This Act provides for an ecological solid waste
management program, creating the necessary institutional mechanisms and incentives,
declaring certain acts prohibited and providing penalties, appropriating

funds. Environmentalists stress that Republic Act 9003 calls for the adoption of the best
environmental practices in ecological waste management and explicitly excludes waste
incineration as an ecological option. These polluting disposal facilities are major sources
of greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere which adds to global warming.
In the municipality of San Jacinto, particularly in Barangay San Jose, garbage disposal
is undoubtedly the main problem. Garbage including plastics block drainage and canals in
the streets causing floods during typhoons and heavy rains; personal protective
equipment such as disposable face masks and face shields that considered as hazardous
waste are carelessly cluttered around vicinity of barangay; residual wastes can be seen
along ways; and other wastes that are not properly segregated and disposed which can
lead to numbers of environmental impacts and health issues to the residents. Scattered
wastes around the barangay are evident that proper segregation and disposal was not
strictly practiced due to poor management of the LGUs and the community. Residents are
cradles of values formation. One concrete way by which residents should develop the
value of caring for the Earth is to ensure that they are taught the right knowledge towards
the waste they generate and proper waste management.
Under Section 16, Local Government Solid Waste Management Plans, of RA
9003, states in the Act that in the province, city or municipality, they should present or
prepare its 10-year solid waste management plans. Their solid waste management plan
shall be for the reuse, recycling and composting of wastes. It places primary emphasis on
implementation of all feasible reuse, recycling, and composting programs while identifying
the amount of landfill and transformation capacity that will be needed for solid waste
which cannot be reused, recycled, or composted.
Under section 20, Establishing Mandatory Solid Waste Diversion, of RA 9003, states
that each LGU plan shall include an implementation schedule which shows that within five
years after. The effectiveness of this Act, the LGU shall divert at least 25% of all solid
waste from waste disposal facilities through re-use, recycling, and composting activities
and other resource recovery activities. Provided that the waste diversion goals shall be
increased every three years thereafter.
Municipal government is the one who is in charge of collecting and disposing of our solid
wastes, but the responsibility is (beyond the ability) of the local government. Many
municipalities failed to comply with solid waste management due to some reasons like
lack of political will, lack of cooperation and participation, and lack of resources to put the
wastes in like dumpsites.
This study considers economic viability as the key factor for the implementation of SWM
schemes. The significance of economic issues to generated waste is broadly recognized.
Some studies confirm that municipal solid waste generation is a complex function of
socio-economic characteristics, climatic factors, as well as public policies and strategies.
This holistic approach links society, economy and the environment, towards a sustainable
development. Economic drivers are considered critical parameters for policymakers to
develop effective strategies.
Numerous studies have highlighted the way in which households and their
socioeconomic characteristics influence the waste management system. (Handayani et
al., 2019) showed that the level of education and knowledge gained, as well as the
income level have a significant influence on household waste management behavior.
Generally, the researchers concluded socio-economic factors have great influence on
solid waste management in the study area. Hence, they deem it vital to know the
significant difference between the levels of education in terms of the level of compliance
of the residents to solid waste management practices as one of the contributing factors.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Solid waste has been an integral consequence of human existence. It is an
unavoidable by-product of human activities. Concepts and theories will substantiate their
meanings and unravel problems associated. In technical note, the term ‘solid waste’ is
used to include all non-liquid wastes produced by people in their daily activities and a
range of solid waste material resulting from disasters. Solid waste is regarded as any
rejected material resulting from domestic activity and industrial operations for which there
is no economic demand and thus must be disposed (Sridhar, 1998) In connection with
the disposal of wastes, solid waste management was developed. Solid waste
management can be defined as a discipline associated with the control of generation,
storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing and disposal of solid wastes
(Tchobanoglous
1993). Solid waste management has become one concern in environmental issues
(Mazzanti & Zoboli, 2008). Solid waste generation is considered an urgent and
challenging issue, with damaging environmental dimensions and serious health related
problems. Waste management is a crucial area related to the economic status of a
country and the lifestyle of its population. This is particularly true of urban areas where
the population is rapidly growing and the amount of waste generated is increasing like
never before (Kathiravale & Mohd Yunus, 2008). Current earth’s population is 6.8 billion
and it is estimated that almost half of this population lives in urban areas. (Population
Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations
Secretariat, 2009). Rising volumes of solid waste in towns and cities around the world
continue to raise public concern. Urbanization and over-concentration of the human
population are identified as major factors exacerbating the solid waste challenge
(Apreku, 2020). The problem is often ascribed to population rise, increase in human
activities, change in consumption patterns and attitudinal challenges. Added to the

complexity of the problem is the rapid technological and economic advancement in
modern times; a phenomenon that has contributed to changes in life-styles, tastes,
social preferences, as well as the nature and volume of both industrial and domestic
waste (Apreku, 2020). The problem is further compounded by attitudinal challenges, lack
of cooperation at the individual level, limited awareness and insufficient waste
management knowledge among the citizenry, as well as inadequate scientific based
information to guide policy (MECDM, 2015).
In developing countries, the household is considered an important stakeholder in
the waste management discourse (Miezah et al., 2015); with the underpinning attitudinal,
behavioural and socio-economic factors, compounding the complexity of the problem
and being serious barriers to meaningful solutions. To achieve the objectives outlined in
the
National Solid Waste Management Strategy (NSWMS, 2016-2026), the Ministry of
Environment, in collaboration with bilateral and multilateral organisations, initiated a
number of projects aimed at addressing the solid waste management (SWM) challenge
(SIG, 2016). Though the projects were multi-pronged and included assessment, waste
minimization, disposal and collection measures, awareness and education, the problem
in its complexity still persists. Limited awareness and knowledge, coupled with lack of
cooperation and poor attitudinal problems, at the household and private business
facilities, have exacerbated the challenge (MECDM, 2015). Studies and research
focuses on the importance and impact of education on the waste generation process.
(Fredrick et al., 2018), (Sinthumule & Mkumbuzi, 2019), and (Al-Khatib, et al., 2019),
therefore, identify some of the means of educating and raising awareness among urban
communities about the waste management process: It involves active organizations in
education, NGOs and private companies, public meetings, media use, household head
training. Knowledge attainment in the field of waste recycling, reuse, recovery and
composting can be succeeded even at a younger age at school. Hence, Rada et al.
illustrates the role of education provided to young people in the field of environmental
protection, amplified by the example they can offer to their families as a way to optimize
household waste management.
Solid Waste Management is identical with the theory of Waste Management as
a unified body of knowledge about waste and waste management, and it is founded on
the expectation that waste management is to prevent waste to cause harm to human
health and the environment and promote resource use optimization. (Love, 2002).
Figure 1. Waste Hierarchy
Further, the Waste Management Pyramid illustrates the proper order to follow
when dealing with waste to archive the least harmful environmental results (Pollution
Prevention Act, 1990). This is similar to the principle of waste hierarchy. (European
Union’s Waste Directive, 1975). The aim of the waste hierarchy is to extract the
maximum practical benefits from products and to generate the minimum amount of
waste. This hierarchy was formulated to capture the progression of a material or product
through successive stages of waste management. It indicates an order of preference for
action to reduce and manage waste, and is usually presented diagrammatically in the
form of a pyramid. This is in relation to the study in which it will serve as an aid to
address the problem in solid wastes.
Additionally, waste that is not generated cannot create any problems making non
generation the cheapest waste handling measure (Kharbanda and Stallworthy,
1990). This statement corresponds to Zero Waste theory (Zero Waste International
Alliance). Zero Waste means designing and managing products and processes to
systematically avoid and eliminate the volume and toxicity of waste and materials,
conserve and recover all resources, and not burn or bury them. Zero Waste provides
guiding principles for continually working towards eliminating wastes.

Figure 2. Zero Waste Model
Solid waste can be managed properly by the assistance of the well-founded
services of solid waste management: it can be treated in order to reduce the total
volume and weight of material that requires final disposal (Acena et al., 2017)
The discussed concepts and reviewed theories served vital in crafting the
research tool of the study. Socio-economic information, specifically, education level
and the areas of solid waste management presented in the theories such as
reduction, reuse, recycling, recovery, disposal and prevention were the main
categories of the questionnaire.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Solid waste management is the process of collecting, storing, treatment and disposal of
solid wastes in such a way that they are harmless to humans, plants, animals, the
ecology and the environment generally. Solid waste can be defined as “any substance or
object in solid form which the holder discards or intends to discard” (Waste Framework
Directive 75/442/EEC, 1975, Article 1 (a)). The ‘holder’ can either be the producer of the
waste or be in possession of the waste (Williams, 2005). Waste, however, is very
subjective; one person may deem an item to be waste whilst another might see it as a
resource (Williams, 2005). The way solid waste is managed for different types of sectors
is important as the nature of each industry or sector varies. The dynamic nature of
consumer/end user products, packaging materials, environmental regulations and public
attitudes has made the development of solid waste

According to Solomon (2011), the interdependent relationships that constitute the
context of SWM in an area are formed by households, their practices, and the
infrastructures providing SWM services. Numerous research has highlighted the way in
which households and their socioeconomic characteristics influence the waste
management system. The educational level of the household members and the
generation of waste shows positive correlation in various studies. It is therefore
important to study and analyze these interdependencies. Understanding households by
knowing what they think and do, as well as what influences their thoughts and actions
toward SWM, is a prerequisite for the effective management of solid wastes. The
attitudes and beliefs of households should, therefore, be understood so that people will
play their roles effectively (Addo-Yobo and Njiru, 2006 as cited in Solomon, 2011).
This study was conducted to determine the significant difference between the levels of
education in terms of the level of compliance of the residents in Barangay San Jose.
INPUT
 Socio-economic profile of the

residents from Barangay San Jose
in terms of:
a) Name (Optional);
b) Purok/Zone;
PROCESS
c) Age;
d) Gender;
e) Highest Level of Education;
f) Social Class; and
g) Family size? Data Collection OUTPUT

 Statistical treatment, methods, Possible solutions for addressing


Percentage composition of the and tools. the solid waste problems in

generated solid wastes of the Barangay San Jose.
 Percent Distribution
resident in Barangay San Jose Formula
along the following types:  The significant difference
between the education levels of
 Mean
a) Compostable Wastes; the households in Barangay San
b) Recyclable Wastes;  One-Way ANOVA Jose in terms of the level of
c) Residual Wastes; and compliance to solid waste
d) Hazardous Wastes.  Data Analysis and Inter
pretation management.
 Level of compliance of the

households in Barangay San Jose
on the s olid waste management
practices along the following:
a) Prevention;
b) Reduce;
c) Reuse;
d) Recycling;
e) Recovery; and
f) Disposal.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This study aimed to determine the socio-economic characteristics and the level of
compliance in solid waste management of the residents in Barangay San Jose.
Specifically, it sought to present an answer to the following questions:
1) What is the socio-economic profile of the households from Barangay San Jose in
terms of
a) Age;
b) Gender;
c) Highest Educational Level;
d) Social Class; and
e) Family Size:
2) What are the generated solid wastes of the residents in Barangay San Jose:
3) What are the solid waste management practices of the households in Barangay San
Jose:
4) Is there a significant difference between the levels of education in terms of the level of
compliance of the residents in Barangay San Jose?
5) What are the possible solutions for addressing the solid waste problem in Barangay
San Jose?
HYPOTHESIS
The following hypothesis was tested at 0.05 alpha:
Null (Ho) Hypothesis:
There is no significant difference between the levels of education in terms of the level of
compliance in solid-waste management of the residents in Barangay San Jose
Alternative (Ha) Hypothesis:
There is a significant difference between the levels of education in terms of the level of
compliance in solid-waste management of the residents in Barangay San Jose.
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
This quantitative research study used a descriptive comparative research
design; this study focused on the significant difference between the levels of education
in terms of the level of compliance of the residents to Solid Waste Management. The
primary subjects of this research study consisted of residents from Barangay San
Jose.
This study considered the residents’ personal profile such as name, purok, and socio
economic information: age, gender, social class, and family size, and education level.
The researchers utilized an online survey questionnaire as an instrument in gathering

data to determine the socio-economic characteristics and level of compliance in solid
waste management of the residents.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The findings of this study contributes to the current solid waste management
practice and its influencing factor in Barangay San Jose San Jacinto. Practically, the
study shows the following significance: a.) to demonstrate about the current practice of
solid waste management; b.) to know the generated solid wastes of the resident in
Barangay San Jose; c.) to give clear understanding on how some factors influence
solid waste management's effectiveness; d.) to give the possible solutions for
addressing the solid waste problem in Barangay San Jose.
Additionally, this study also provides information to interested individuals
about the solid wastes management practices and enables them to see the advantage
of having waste management practices at home and community.
Target Beneficiaries
The society: This study is a great contribution to the society as a whole since this
study will provide a close look of the advantage of having solid waste management
practices. It will provide knowledge and gain understanding regarding solid waste
practices and the consequences it will face if not accomplishing it.
The community: This study will greatly benefit the Barangay San Jose in the sense
that they will be able to gain knowledge and understand not only the importance of
solid waste management but also the danger it is left unsupervised.

Barangay Officials: This study can be a helping hand to Barangay officials
concerning domestic waste or residential waste for they will gain information about the
management level of solid wastes. With this they can provide a solution to the problem
in the scarcity of solid wastes. It will provide them ways of improving their regularities
and policies when it comes to proper waste management.
Researchers: The researchers enable to expand their knowledge in this area with the
help of this study. This can act as one of their references for future related studies as
they go through different steps and actions towards a more suitable conclusion.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Demographic. According to Investopedia, demographic is a study of a population
based on factors such as age, race, and sex. It mentions socioeconomic data
expressed statistically, containing employment, education, income, marriage rates,
birth and death rates, and more.
Household waste. Based on Buschsystem Website, it is a disposable material
generated by households. This waste can be non-Hazardous waste and hazardous
waste. It is also known as domestic waste or residential waste,
Practices. The Merriam Webster defines it as an actual application or use of an idea,
belief, or method, as opposed to theories relating to it.
Residents. The dictionary defines residents as a person who lives somewhere
permanently or on a long-term basis.

Solid Waste. According to the New York State website, it is any old or abandoned
materials. It can be solid, liquid, semi-solid, or containerized gaseous material.
Solid Waste Management. Britannica defines it as the collecting, treating, and
disposing of solid material that is discarded because it has served its purpose or is no
longer useful.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
The research about the topic is not the first of its kind. The researchers
gathered information from published articles, journals, and similar studies which are
related to the subject of this study. The information gathered is presented in this
chapter.
CONCEPTUAL LITERATURE
This study examines the concepts, terminologies, and classifications
associated with composting and solid waste management.
Description of Solid Waste Management and its Concept
According to A. Mishra, S. Mishra, A. Tiwari (2014) solid waste is any material
that is worthless, detrimental, or unused as a result of daily operations in the
community. Solid waste management is the discipline that deals with the control of
solid waste generation, storage, collection, transfer, processing, and disposal. In their
study, they conducted activities associated with the management of municipal solid
waste from the point of generation to final disposal can be gathered into the six
functional elements; waste generation, storage, collection, transportation, segregation,
and processing disposal.
In a study entitled “Study on the Solid Waste Properties and Disposal Methods
of Island at Home and Abroad”. They concise three ways of island solid waste
disposal so as to provide reference for maintainable progress of Chinese islands, “The
organic content of solid waste was higher in the island that mainly developed planting
and breeding, while the paper and plastics content of solid waste was higher in the
island that mainly developed tourism. Due to the remote location, the cost of solid
waste collection and transportation was high. It was difficult to select landfill sites
because of the lack of land, and the incineration and compost on islands were not
mature enough, and the technique of waste-to-biofuels was still under exploration.
Based on the characteristics of island solid waste and the difficulties in the disposal
process, solid waste reduction and treatment process improvement on islands were
recommended” (Ruicheng Dong, et., al 2019).
Effect of improper Solid Waste Management
According to Bea Fernandez from Medium website in an article of Metropolitan
Manila Development Authority, or MMDA, the total volume of garbage thrown by Metro
Manila residents in 2016 was 9,499.44 tons per day, up from 8,600 tons per day in
2010, and the numbers are expected to continue to rise in the coming years. Even if a
large volume of rubbish is collected every day, it is still insufficient.
Agreeing to the study of N. Ejaz, H. Nisar, and U. Naeem (2010) the negative
effects of improper Solid Waste Management are 1.) The scattered strong waste from
the illicit open dumps frequently impedes the canals and sewers. The obstacles are
the reason for flooding and unhygienic conditions in the city. 2.) Flies reproducing are
straightforwardly connected with open strong waste dumps. During the documented
examination it was seen that during summer the flies are expanding their populace so
quickly because of these waste dumps and they are exceptionally adequate vectors
that spread sickness locally. 3.) Uncollected solid wastes from few places in the city
are demeaning the urban environment and discouraging efforts to keep streets and
open spaces hygienic. 4.) Illegal burning of collected solid waste is generating severe
harmful impacts on open-air quality. Furthermore, it is also the origin of illness and
reducing visibility.
Benefits and Long term effect of Solid Waste Management practices
Treatments and discarding methods depend on the type of problem
that any municipality has. Residents or any responsible citizen of the
community are able to conduct an appropriate solution for the sake of their
environment (I.
Muralikrishna and V. Manickam 2017). Based on the article entitled “The
positive effect of Proper Waste Disposal” (August, 2019) benefits of Solid
Waste Management categorized into three sections. First is Environmental
Effects, by reusing and composting, we can decrease the size of landfills and
cut down on ozone depleting substance outflows. Reusing can likewise
diminish the need to gather new materials, implying that ranger service,
mining, and different practices can be sought after with a more natural
outlook. Second is Economic Effects, by fostering a bigger waste
administration industry in individual networks, we can make jobs that
incorporate everything from passage level situations to specialized, taught
postings. And the last part is Health Benefits, landfills give gigantic favorable
places to rodents and other pestilent vermin, and consumed can cause
respiratory harm. Legitimate garbage removal can scale back the quantity of
wellbeing chances present in any space.
RESEARCH LITERATURE
Foreign Literature
The lack of alternatives in handling waste management efficiently and
effectively, is still a challenge in many developing countries. In consequence, huge
uncollected solid waste causes clogging of drains, flooding, health problems that
transmit diseases, environmental pollution and air pollution are affecting
socialeconomic development such as through diminished tourism. (Nyampundu1 et.,al
2020) Solid waste dumps are severely spoiling the environmental conditions in
developing countries. The negative impact of improper solid waste dumping can be
discerned everywhere in the developing world. (Usman et.,al 2010) In Nigeria, the
rapid environmental degradation that is taking place is increasingly becoming a major
threat.
This is gradually destroying the sources of their livelihood and changing its landscape.
Hence, the problem of pollution and waste management are getting more serious in
towns and cities than in villages. (Ola Aluko, 2012)
According to the article entitled “Urban Households' Willingness to Pay for
Improved Solid Waste Disposal Services in Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana” unwanted
trash is directly linked to human growth, both technologically and socially. The
composition of distinctive squanders has shifted over time and area, with mechanical
development and advancement being straightforwardly connected to squander

materials. A few components of squander have financial esteem and can be reused
once accurately recuperated (Awunyo, et al., 2013)
Resources are short, although some authorities have made investments to
improve efficiency of solid waste management systems. Such projects often take a
topdown approach and very little attention is paid to the potential economic and
environmental benefits of reducing waste through integrating the role of
nongovernment recyclers. In low-income countries, much inorganic waste (such as
metals and glass) is recycled by the informal sector, while non- governmental
organizations and the private sector take the lead in recycling the organic portion
through composting (L.C. Jayawardhana and Jonathan Rouse 2004)
Municipal waste has customarily been reach occupied and this remains the
overwhelming management alternative in most nations. Be that as it may, a few
nations have taken noteworthy steps absent from landfill. Choices advertised
incorporate burning (progressively with recovery of vitality) composting and reusing of
glass, paper, metal, plastics and other materials. There are various potential impacts
related with the arrive filling of squander including the generation of leachate and
landfill gas, scents, flies, vermin and the utilize of arrive (European Environment
Agency, 2013)
National Literature
In an article study entitled “Development of the Philippines National Solid Waste
Management Strategy 2012-2016” this paper portrays the processes included in
procedure advancement, counting the survey of arrangements, situational
investigation, issue categorization, approval of key issue articulations, elaboration of

key components, and prioritization of key activities through calculate investigation and
partner administration devices (Acosta,et.,al 2012). According to the researchers, the
community's concern is that they don't have a proper spot to dispose of their rubbish.
To address this issue, the researchers devised this project plan, in which residents of
the affected area would be provided with a compost pit that will allow them to
appropriately separate their trash.
One of the most serious environmental challenges in the Philippines is improper
trash disposal. It resulted in more serious issues that harm not just the environment but
also people's health and lives. This issue may be resolved, or it may continue to be a
concern for the country in the coming years. (M. Glean, 2017) According to Glean’s
study “Improper waste disposal in the Philippines.” Waste management mistakes can
have major consequences for ground and surface water contamination, flooding, air
pollution, and water pollution, among other things. People will suffer in the next years of
existence if we continue this kind of activity. Health security may not be secured or
guarded when it comes to drinking contaminated water because of the improper disposal
of the waste. Solid waste conditions are deteriorating, posing environmental and health
risks. Garbage is a third pollutant that is closely linked to air and water pollution, posing
environmental risks. Solid waste disposal that isn't done properly pollutes the air, soil,
and water. Solid trash clogs drains, creates stagnant water for bug breeding, and causes
flooding, especially in urban areas, during rainy seasons. (V. Attienza ) As a result of
improper waste disposal, diseases such as cholera and dengue fever might spread
(IBRD/WB 1999).
Based on the study “Solid Waste Management Awareness, Attitude, and
Practices in a Philippine Catholic Higher Education Institution '', the article examines
the personnel and students of a Catholic higher education institution in the Philippines'
solid waste management understanding, attitude, and practices. When respondents
were categorized by status and religion, there was a substantial variation in their
awareness, attitude, and practices. The findings also revealed a link between
awareness and attitude on the one hand, and the degree of solid waste management
practice on the other. Age and educational level were found to be significant predictors
of awareness, attitudes, and practices, with the exception of sex, which had no effect
on attitudes or practices. In general, this paper supports how information affects
attitude, which then dictates conduct, especially in the context of solid waste
management, as mediated by adequate environmental education (D.V Madrigal 2018).
SYNTHESIS
The studies show how significant proper waste disposal is in a community. From
the related studies and literature, they are able to define and explain the causes and
potential impacts of ill-advised garbage removal locally, to the climate, and to the
inhabitants of the barangay the analysts are considering. With the assistance of these
studies, the researchers were able to revise a concept or idea regarding solid waste
management practices. Those studies were able to help people and readers to widen
their knowledge regarding proper improper waste management. With proper practices
the researchers and residents of the barangay that they’re studying can achieve the
three positive categories of solid waste management and reduce the negative impact if
the problem had been taken lightly.
Those investigations were able to help researchers and individuals to expand
their insight in regards to legitimate waste management. Improper waste management

practices contribute to the worsening condition of the waste management that affects the
environment in the Philippines.
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH DESIGN
This chapter represents the methodology used for the study. The main issues
discussed here are the research design and the techniques applied in gathering the
data are the research design and techniques applied in the gathering the data, the
tools used for data analysis, the sources of data, and the instrumentation and data
collection.
RESEARCH METHOD
This study used a descriptive comparative design of quantitative research.
According to Medel (2009), descriptive method of research involves the description,
recording, analysis, and interpretation of present nature. It defines the nature of one
certain phenomenon depending on the levels of description. It is subjected to answering
the ‘whats’ of every research study. Hence, the researchers used this method to know
the level of compliance of the residents in Barangay San Jose.
In order for the researchers to determine the significant difference between the
levels of education in terms of the level of compliance of the residents in barangay San
Jose a descriptive comparative method, in the form of Survey, was utilized. This design
is highly suitable in the study because the intention is to describe the level of compliance
in solid waste management and to evaluate the comparison of level of compliance
among different education levels. Following the safety protocols, the researchers made
use of a survey that is done online, the researchers used simple random sampling per
purok, since it is time-intensive if we are to survey each of the households. The chosen
research method may lead us to think of a possible solution to the solid waste issues and
to improve or initiate health-related activities besides solid waste management practice.
Above all, this method was best suited for the topic since the data gathered from the
survey served as a guide to answer the research questions accurately.
LOCALE OF THE STUDY
The study was conducted at the Municipality of San Jacinto Pangasinan,
particularly in Barangay San Jose. San Jose comprises five sections: Balanay, Boquig,
Estaris, Honeymoon, Riverside, and Sagur. Its population as determined by the 2020
Census was 3,172. This represented 7.15% of the total population of San Jacinto. San
Jose is situated at approximately 16.0811, 120.4439, in the island of Luzon. Elevation at
these coordinates is estimated at 13.1 meters or 43.0 feet above mean sea level. The
study will be conducted in the first semester of S.Y 2021-2022.

RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY
The study has 42 respondents in total coming from the different purok in Barangay San
Jose, San Jacinto, Pangasinan, to generate the samples the researchers used simple
random sampling. According to Valerie J. Easton and John H. McColl's definition
samples can be nested by picking from a larger group. Each individual is selected
entirely by chance and each participant of the population has an equal chance of being
included in the sample. Every potential sample of a given size has the same chance of
selection. Therefore, this is appropriate to the study because the population is partitioned
into several subgroups which are the 6 puroks in barangay.
INSTRUMENTATION AND DATA GATHERING
This study used a survey questionnaire asking for a scaled response as the
research instrument. The survey questionnaire dealt with three parts- the
socioeconomic profile of the respondents, the composition of their solid waste, and
their practices on solid waste management. The study was conducted online. Amidst
COVID19 pandemic, the respondents were given copies of the questionnaire through
an online survey.
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
During administering the survey, the researchers requested a permit to survey to
the respondents in this study. Once the requests are approved, copies of the
questionnaires were distributed to the identified respondents. Initially, the survey was
done through online means due to the widespread of COVID-19 virus. These
mechanisms were employed to ensure 90% to 100% receipt of the questionnaires and to
identify unanswered items in the questionnaires. After the questionnaires have been
retrieved, the gathered data were studied, tabulated, interpreted, and inferences were
drawn based on the results.
STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF THE DATA
Responses to the questionnaire by the households in Barangay San Jose were
statistically analysed with the data requirement in the study. The data were gathered,
tallied and recorded for statistical treatment, analysis and interpretation.
The following tools were used in the analysis of data in this study:
Percentage Distribution Formula. This was used to summarize the variables under
study.
Formula:
P= x 100
Where:
P = percentage f = frequency n
= total number of respondents
Mean. This was used to determine the level of compliance in every practices on solid
waste management of the households in Barangay San Jose.
Formula:
x=
Where: x = mean
xi= sum of all terms
N = number of terms
To interpret the level of compliance on solid waste management of the

households, the scale below was used:
Statistical Range Interpretation
3.25 - 4.00 Very High
2.50 - 3.24 High
1.75 - 2.49 Low
1.00 - 1.74 Very Low
One-way ANOVA. This was used to test the significant difference between the levels of
education in terms of the level compliance of the residence with the solid waste management by
comparing their means.

CHAPTER IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter elaborates the results of the gathered data. Further, statistical analysis was
discussed to construe the outcome of this study.
A. Socio-economic Profile
Figure 3. Purok
The pie chart shows the equal distribution of respondents in each purok. Each
purok has 7 respondents with a total of 42 respondents.
Figure 4. Gender
Figure 4 shows the total percentage distribution of the respondent’s gender. It
shows that 73.8% percent of respondents are female while male got the least with a total
of 26.2%.
Figure 5. Highest level of education
Based on the figure, most of the respondents are High School Graduate or GED
(General Education Diploma) having a percentage of 28.6%, next are College graduates
with 26.2% and the fewest respondents with a percentage of 2.4% were the following
categories Didn’t Finish High School but completed a technical/vocational program, High
School Graduate or GED (General Education Diploma) and 2 years of college or more /
including associate degree or equivalent.

Figure 6. Social Class
The figure shows the result of Social Class, according to the result 52.4% of
respondents are middle class whereas upper class got the lowest percentage which is
2.4.
Figure 7. No. of family members

This figure shows that 4 members have the most family size while members with
2, 8, and 9 have the least number with only 1 respondent each in Barangay San Jose.
B. Composition of Solid Waste

Figure 8: Composition of Solid Waste
Based on the pie chart above, compostable waste got the highest percentage of
generated solid waste of the residents in San Jose with 34%, generally, large proportion
of residents often have compostable wastes (e.g., fruit and vegetable peelings, leftover
foods, vegetable trims, fish/fowl/meat/animal entrails, soft shells, seeds, leaves, flowers,
twigs, branches, stems). On the other hand, residual wastes got the least result with a
total percentage of 21 this implies that residents in San Jose seldom used residual
wastes (e.g.,sanitary napkins, disposable diapers, worn-out rugs, milk/juice cartons,
ceramics, candy wrappers/sachets, soiled materials that cannot be composted and
recycled).
C. Level Solid Waste Management Practices

INDICATORS MEAN DESCRIPTION
A. Prevention
1. Clean and Green is regularly implemented in the house 3.976 Very Good
2. Members of the family have values of throwing wastes 3.976 Very Good
properly to prevent the pile up of garbage
3. Residents follows prescribe schedule in throwing wastes 3.785 Very Good
4. Barangay officials provides trash bins for the residents to 2.404 Fair
utilize
5. The practice of waste prevention management policy is 3.119 Good

accurately and consistently followed
GRAND MEAN 3.452 Very High
B. Reduce
1. I borrow, share, and/or rent things that are needed 3.285 Very Good
occasionally.
2. I donate excess goods to charity to avoid or minimize 3.404 Very Good

wastage.
3. I use rags and old clothes as cleaning materials instead of just 4.476 Very Good
throwing them away.
4. I use reusable water bottles than buying one used plastic water 4.261 Very Good
bottles
5. I am cautious and responsible for every waste I produce. 3.857 Very Good
C. Reuse
1. I reuse papers, bottles, metals, woods and other reusable 4.285 Very Good
materials
2. I reuse old newspapers, bond papers, and other papers for 4.119 Very Good
wrapping, protective covering and other productive uses
3. I reuse of paper bags or cellophane bags 4.047 Very Good

4. I reuse washable food containers 4.5 Very Good
5. I considers the environmental impact of throwing materials 3.547 Very Good

and not recycling
D. Recycle
1. I convert or redesign waste materials into a new product. 3.666 Very Good
2. I instill in each family members the culture of recycling by 3.666 Very Good
encouraging the use of recycled materials
3. I purchase recycled-content products/materials. 3.261 Very Good
4. I make money out of waste materials. 3.285 Very Good
5. I resell used appliances instead of throwing away 3.666 Very Good
E. Recovery
1. The recovered materials are used operationally 3.476 Very Good
2. The recovered items are fully functional 3.428 Very Good
3. The members of the family practice the recovery of 3.476 Very Good
materials
4. The members of the family monitor destroyed items for 3.119 Good
recovery
5. The members of the family renovate waste/s into useful 3.428 Very Good
resources
F. Disposal
1. I don’t throw or leave my garbage anywhere. 4.333 Very Good
2. I don’t practice execution of incineration/combustion 3.857 Very Good

(Burning of wastes)
3. I implement waste segregation before disposal 3.404 Very Good

4. I organized compost pit in home and is used for 3.619 Very Good
biodegradable wastes only
5. I place garbage in the designated place/s during its 4 Very Good

prescribed schedule of collection

Table 3. Level of Solid Waste Management Practices
REUSE
Table no. 1 shows the data that was collected from the researchers’ respondents.
All in all section C or Reuse domain has 4.1 grand mean, this being the highest grand
mean among all six sections with a description of very high. This indicates that the most
preferred waste management of the residences of San Jose is Reuse and it signifies that
this indicator is evident in their households.
REDUCE
Looking at the second domain which is the reduce, got the 2nd higher grand
mean among all six sections it got a calculated grand mean of 3.857 with a description of
very high. This indicates that the custom of reducing waste is present in their household
and this policy is functioning and effective to the regulation of solid waste management in
the baranggay.
DISPOSAL
Looking at the sixth domain which is the disposal, the grand mean of 3.842,
verbally integrated as very high, suggest that respondents are sensible enough about the
collections practices of solid waste that compliments the idea that waste materials are
collected according to prescribed schedules.
RECYCLE
The fourth domain, recycle, got 3.509 grand mean with an interpretation of very
high. It only implies that the residents of San Jose had a culture of recycling by
encouraging the use of recycled materials while maintaining its functionality but lacking
precautionary measures in dealing with solid wastes.
PREVENTION
The first domain, prevention, gathered a calculated grand mean of 3.452 which
also expresses a description of very high. This means that the residents of San Jose
have precautionary measures but not regularly followed. The results revealed that the
residents do not accurately follow the management of solid waste in order to prevent
wastes.
RECOVERY
Lastly, the fifth domain which is the recovery, has a lowest grand mean of 3.385
but still expresses a description of very high. This result reveals that the custom of
monitoring broken items was not monitored regularly but still being fixed although not
oftenly. This section is not consistently present and evident in the resident's household
of San Jose.
Anova: Single Factor
SUMMARY
Groups Count Sum Average Variance

Didn’t Finish High School 6 20.42 3.403333

0.159587
Didn’t Finish High School 6 21.4 3.566667

but complete a 0.086667
technical/vocational
program
High School Graduate or 6 23.9 3.983333 0.119778

GED
6 21.33333 3.555556
Completed High 0.084741
School and a
technical/vocationa
l program
6 20.8 3.466667 0.218667

Less than 2 Years of College
2 Years of College or 6 19.2 3.2 0.112

more/ including associate
degree or equivalent
College Graduate 6 22.34545 3.724242 0.105444
Master’s Degree 6 22.66667 3.777778 0.026074
ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Between Groups 2.469924 7 0.352846 3.091902 0.010596 2.249024

Within Groups 4.564781 40 0.11412
Total 7.034705 47
TABLE 2. Comparative Analysis between education level and level of compliance
Therefore, reject the null hypothesis at 0.05 level significance with 7 and 40
degrees of freedom and accept the alternative hypothesis. The researchers concluded
that there is a significant difference between the levels of education in terms of the level
of compliance of the residents in Barangay San Jose.

CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter deliberates the summary of findings, conclusions, and recommendations based on
the gathered data that had been analyzed, calculated and interpreted.
SUMMARY
This study aims to provide knowledge and analysis of the practices of residents in
Barangay San Jose regarding solid waste management. The questionnaire was the main
instrument used to gather the needed data with the help of descriptive comparative
design of quantitative research. The researchers used a random sampling method and
every 6 purok have 7 respondents each. The mean, percentage, and analysis of
variance (ANOVA) were used in the data treatment.
FINDINGS
The following are the prominent finding of the study:
1. The study revealed that 73.8% percent of respondents are female which shows
that they’re more engaged in consuming and disposing solid waste. In addition,
most of the respondents are High School graduates or GED (General Education
Diploma) this shows that they are educated enough on the proper handling and
disposal of solid wastes.
2. Most of the consumed solid waste of the residents of San Jose are Compostable
waste such as food waste, garden waste, animal waste, and human waste.
3. The level of solid management of the residents in San Jose is very high. The
study reveals that all the 6 domains which are considered to be solid waste
management are present in the resident’s household especially the solid waste
management practice of reusing, however few of them are not accurately and
regularly followed.
4. There is a significant difference between the levels of education in terms of the
level of compliance of the residents in barangay San Jose.
CONCLUSION
1. Based on the survey that had been conducted, the majority of residents in San
Jose are Female with a percentage of 73.8%. Also, most of the respondents are
High School Graduate or GED (General Education Diploma) having a percentage
of 28.6%. Moreover, 52.4% of the sample falls under the middle class. And lastly,
the majority of respondents have 4 members of family size.
2. Based on the result, compostable waste got the highest percentage of generated
solid waste of the residents in San Jose with a percentage of 34, while hazardous
waste is the least generated solid waste with only 15%. Generally, compostable
waste has the largest contribution of solid waste in the barangay.
3. The most practiced in solid waste management are analyzed by the highest
computed mean within the domains are as follows: Reuse with a grand mean of
4.1, Reduce with a grand mean of 3.857, Disposal with a grand mean of 3.842,
Recycle with a grand mean of 3.509, Prevention with a grand mean of 3.542, and
lastly Recovery with a grand mean of 3.385. So, therefore Reuse is the most
preferred waste management of residents in San Jose.
4. There is a significant difference between the levels of education in terms of the
level of compliance in solid-waste management of the residents in Barangay San
Jose.
5. a. The barangay should implement a solid waste management program to
improve the solid waste management practices in each purok.
b. Symposium about proper waste handling and disposal should be organized to
give insight about the benefits of proper solid waste management and awareness
of the negative impacts of the problem.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Taking all the above mentioned points into consideration, the researchers
recommend the following methods to reduce or mitigate solid waste:
1. The barangay officials should implement a solid waste management program to
improve the handling of solid waste in barangay San Jose
2. The findings of the study should be studied by barangay authorities so that the
low-rated indicators can be addressed.
3. Trash containers should be provided around the vicinity of barangay, as well as
the residents should be oriented to the scheduled collection of garbage.
4. Barangay officials should conduct regular assessments and evaluations of the
programs supporting waste management practices.

5. The barangay officials who are in charge of waste management and sanitation
should be aware of the problems and guarantee that the waste in dump sites is
regularly evacuated.
6. People in the barangay should be able to provide a quality variety of continuous
learning to increase their awareness of environmental concerns in order to avoid
improper waste management for they are the primary agents of change in
working towards a cleaner and sustainable future.
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APPENDICES
LETTER OF REQUEST TO CONDUCT STUDY
Good day!
This survey questionnaire aims to collect data about SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN BARANGAY SAN JOSE. The researchers will
appreciate your full participation by completing and honestly answering the following
table below. Moreover, the researchers secure that all gathered data are for academic
purposes only and your personal information will be confidential.
Thank you very much and be well.
The researchers,
Maekyla Luisa G. Bruan
Abbiegail P. Del Campo
Jhairen Karel Ishii L. Nazam
Jhasmin Grace M. Nicomedez

Patricia Mae D. Puaso
Lahren S. Viado Noted
by::
Ma’am Donna Corpuz
Research Adviser
QUESTIONNAIRE
PART I: PERSONAL PROFILE
Name: (Optional) Purok/Zone:

Age:
 17 years old and below
 18 – 25
 26 – 35
 36 – 45
 46 – 55
 56 – 65
 65 years old and

above Gender:
 Male
 Female
 If other, please specify: _
Highest level of education:
 Didn’t Finish High School

 Didn’t Finish High School, but completed a technical/vocational program
 High School Graduate or GED (General Education Diploma)
 Completed High School and a technical/vocational program
 Less than 2 Years of College

 2 Years of College or more/ including associate degree or equivalent
 College graduate (4 or 5 year program)
 Master’s degree (or other post-graduate training)
 Doctoral degree (PhD., MD, EdD, DVM, DDS, JD, etc)
Social Class:
 Upper Class
 Middle Class
 Working Class
 Poverty level
How many members are currently living in the house?
PART II: Composition of Solid Waste
DIRECTION: Fill out the black with estimated percentage composition of the generated solid
wastes in different types:
= 100%
Compostable Wastes (e.g., fruit and vegetable peelings, leftover foods, vegetable trims,
fish/fowl/meat/animal entrails, soft shells, seeds, leaves, flowers, twigs, branches, stems)
_ _%
Recyclable Wastes (e.g., newspaper, ferrous scrap metal, non-ferrous scrap
metal, corrugated cardboard, aluminum, glass, office paper, tin cans, plastic
bottles)
_ _%
Residual Wastes (e.g., sanitary napkins, disposable diapers, worn-out rugs,
milk/juice cartons, ceramics, candy wrappers/sachets, soiled materials that cannot
be composted and recycled)
_ _%
Hazardous Wastes (e.g., face masks, paints, thinners, household batteries,
leadacid batteries, spray canisters, large worn-out or broken furniture, consumer
electronics, broken household appliances, oil, tires)
_ _%
PART III: Practices on Solid Waste Management
DIRECTION: Rate the extent of practices based on your perception of Solid Waste
Management, using the scale below.
5- excellent -excellently and consistently practiced
4- high -practiced but not consistent
3- moderate -practiced seldom

2- poor -practiced at times, when instructed only
1- very poor -not practiced
PREVENTION 5 4 3 2 1
1.Clean and Green is regularly implemented in the house
2.Members of the family have values of throwing wastes

properly to prevent the pile up of garbage
3.Residents follows prescribe schedule in throwing wastes
4.Barangay officials provides trash bins for the residents

to utilize
5.The practice of waste prevention management policy

is accurately and consistently followed
REDUCE 5 4 3 2 1
1. I borrow, share, and/or rent things that are needed

occasionally.
2. I Donate excess goods to charity to avoid or minimize

wastage.
3. I use rags and old clothes as cleaning materials

instead of just throwing them away.
4. I use reusable water bottles than buying one used

plastic water bottles
5. I am cautious and responsible for every waste I

produce.
REUSE 5 4 3 2 1
1. I reuse papers, bottles, metals, woods and other

reusable materials
2. I reuse old newspapers, bond papers, and other

papers for wrapping,
protective covering and other productive
uses
3. I reuse of paper bags or cellophane bags
4. I reuse washable food containers
5. I considers the environmental impact of throwing

materials and not recycling
RECYCLE 5 4 3 2 1
1. I convert or redesign waste materials into a new

product.
2. I instill in each family members the

culture of recycling by encouraging the use
of recycled materials
3. I purchase recycled-content products/materials.
4. I make money out of waste materials.
5. I resell used appliances instead of throwing away
RECOVERY
1. The recovered materials are used operationally
2. The recovered items are fully functional
3. The members of the family practice the recovery of

materials
4. The members of the family monitor destroyed items

for recovery
5. The members of the family renovate waste/s into

useful resources
DISPOSAL 5 4 3 2 1
1. I don’t throw or leave my garbage anywhere.
2. I don’t practice execution of
incineration/combustion (Burning of wastes)
3. I implement waste segregation before disposal
4. I organized compost pit in home and is used for

biodegradable wastes only
5. I place garbage in the designated place/s during its

prescribed schedule of collection
DOCUMENTATIONS
The following were done online due to the widespread of COVID-19 virus to ensure the safety of
the researchers and respondents.

Preparation on conducting a survey
Gathering data
Computing and interpreting the gathered data

CURRICULUM
VITAE
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: Maekyla Luisa G. Bruan
Gender: Female
Age: 16
Birthdate: May 17, 2005
Email add: brunmaekyla@gmail.com
Facebook: Maekyla Luisa Bruan
Religion: Roman Catholic
Address: Brgy. San Jose, San Jacinto, Pangasinan
Parent: Occupation:
Ped Peterson S. Bruan Senior Supplier Development Engineer
Lourdes G. Bruan Teacher
Educational Background:
Year Graduated Name of School Award Recognition
2010 Tandoc Elementary School
2016 Sunrisers Merryland School, Inc. Silver Medalist
2020 Sunrisers Merryland School, Inc. With Highest
Honors
SaSCI) School Activities, Seminars and Community, Involvement
Year of Activity Name of Activity Seminar Community Name of involvement
2015 Math- Science month (spelling bee) 3 place

rd
2015 Math- Science month (quiz bee) Champion
2016-2017 Classroom Officer
Secretary
2017-2018 I.C.O.N (Newspaper Club)
Contributor
2017-2018 Classroom Officer Mayor
2017 Buwan ng wika 2017 Pagsulat ng sanaysay

1 place
st
2018 SGO Officer Secretary of
Environment
2018-2019 Manlingkor ya kalangweran
Member
2019-2020 SupremeStudent Council President

CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: Jhasmin Grace M. Nicomedez
Sex: Female
Age: 17 years old
Date of Birth: November 23, 2004
E-mail: nicomedezjhasmin@gmail.com
Facebook: Jhasmin Nicomedez
Address: #234 Honeymoon Rd., San Jose, San Jacinto, Pangasinan
Father’s Name: Jerwin F. Nicomedez Occupation: Farmer
Mother’s Name: Gwenda M. Nicomedez Occupation: Teacher
Cell Phone Number: 0921-755-9805 Educational
Background:
Year Graduated Name of School Award

Recognition
2010 San Jose Elementary School Best in Poem
2016 West Central Elementary School
2020 San Jacinto National High School With Honors
Year of Activity Name of Activity, Seminar, Community Name of

Involvement
2017-2019 Girl Scout Of The Philippines Member
2018 - 2019 Homeroom Treasurer
2019 - 2020 Homeroom Sub. Treasurer
2019 - 2020 HI - Y Club Member
2020-2021 Girl Scout Of The Philippines JJG Cadet Officer

CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: Jhairen Karel Ishii L. Nazam
Sex: Female
Age: 17 years old
Date of Birth: August 25, 2004
E-mail: jhaikarel@gmail.com
Facebook: Jhairen Karel Ishii Nazam
Address: #118 San Jose, San Jacinto, Pangasinan
Mother’s Maiden Name: Ma. Karen S. Lucas
Occupation: BSPO/BHW/BNS, Job Order
Cell Phone Number: 0997-9942-361 Educational
Background:

Recognition
2010 Sunrisers Merryland School Inc. 9th place
2016 Cherished Moments School
2020 The Right Formation School With High Honors

Involvement
(2015-2016) Student Council (Elementary Department) Vice
President
(2016) Singing Duet (Division) 3 place
rd
(2016) Singing Duet (District) 2 place

nd
(2017) Contemporary Dance (Division) 4 place

th
(2017-2018) English and Filipino Club President

(2020) English Quiz Bee 3 Place rd
(2016) Science and Math Camp 4 place th
(2017) Science and Math Camp 1 place st
(2018) Science and Math Camp 2 place nd

(2019) Science and Math Camp 2 place

nd
(2018-2019) Student
Council Sub
Secretary
(2019-2020) Student Council Senator
(2021) Webinars for Mental Health Awareness Member
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: Abbiegail P. Del Campo

Gender: Female
Age: 17
Birthdate: June 23, 2003
Email Address: abbiegaildelcampo203@gmail.com
Religion: Jehovah’s Witnesses
Address: Honeymoon Rd, San Jose, San Jacinto Pangasinan
Parents: Occupation:
Dominador D. Del Campo Jr. Jeepney Driver Jean
P. Del Campo Teacher III
Year Graduated Name of School Award Recognition 2009-2016

Sunriser Merryland School Inc. With honors
2016-2019 San Jacinto National High School With honors
2020 San Jacinto National High School WithHigh
honor
(SaSCI) School Activities, Seminars and Community, Involvement

Year of Activity Name of Activity Seminar Community Name of involvement
2016 Division sci- damath 2 Place nd
2016 National sci- damath 4 Place

th
2017 Division Damath 2 Place nd
2018 Division Damath 1 Place

st
2019 Division Damath

2 Place
nd
2017-2018 National Damath Participant

2017-2019 School Based Damath Champion
2017 Research Workshop
2019 Yes - O Camp
2019 Seminar Workshop on Campus Journalism Column writer
2019 DSPC Participants
th rd
2019 6 National Seminar- Research Works at BFAR 3 Place team category
2019-2020 Ang Rosas school newspaper Editor in Chief
2020 Division Research Defense 7 Place team category
2020 Regional Research Defense 4 th Place team category
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: Patricia Mae D. Puaso

Gender: Female
Age: 17
Birthdate: April 23, 2004
Email add: patriciamaedelapena515@gmail.com
Facebook: Patricia Dp Puaso
Address: Brgy. San Jose, San Jacinto, Pangasinan Parent:
Occupation:
Marites D. Puaso Housewife
Recognition
2010 East Central Elementary School 6th Place
(KIndergarten)
2016 East Central Elementary School 1 st Honorable Mention
2020 San Jacinto National High School With High Honor

Involvement
2016-2017 Homeroom Officer Secretary
2017-2018 HI-Y Club Grade 8 Representative
2018-2019 School Paper (Hyacinth) Editorial Writer
2019 Municipal English Olympics 2019 (Poem Writing) 1st Place
2019 Division English Olympics 2019 (Poem Writing) 2nd Place
2019 2019 Division Intel Science Fair 8th Place
Investigatory Project, Life Science – Team Category
2019-2020 School Paper (Hyacinth) Editor-in-Chief
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: Lahren S. Viado
Gender: Female Age: 17
Birthdate: August 26, 2004
Email Address:
Religion: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Address: #08 Brgy. San Jose, San Jacinto, Pangasinan
Parents: Occupation:
Rene P. Viado Driving
Melanie S. Viado Teacher
Year Graduated Name of School Award Recognition
2015-2016 East Central School 2 Honorable mention
nd
2016 – 2017 San Jacinto National High School With Honor

2019 – 2020 San Jacinto National High School With High Honor
(SaSCI) School Activities, Seminars and Community, Involvement

Year of Activity Name of Activity/ Seminar /Community Name of
Involvement
2016 – 2017 Girl Scout of the Philippines (School) Member
2016 – 2017 YMCA Club (School) Member
2016 – 2017 YES-O (School) Member
2016 – 2017 ROYSC (School) Member
2016 – 2017 Division Science Camp (Manaoag)
Participant
2017 – 2018 Division Science Camp (Mangaldan) Participant
2017 – 2018 YES-O (School) G8 Representative
2017 – 2018 BFAR Seminar Participant
2017 – 2018 Science Essay Writing Contest Participant
2017 – 2018 Girl Scout of the Philippines (School) Member
2017 – 2018 Girl Scout Jingle Contest (Division) 1st
Place
2018 - 2019 ROYSC (School) Member
2018 – 2019 Filipino Poem Writing Contest Participant

2018 – 2019 ANG ROSAS (School Paper) Sci. & Tech. Writer
2019 – 2020 YES-O (Classroom)
President
2019 – 2020 YES-O (School) President
2018 – 2019 ANG ROSAS (School Paper) Sci. & Tech. Head Writer
2019 – 2020 Hyacinth (School Paper) Sci. & Tech. Head Writer

Solid Waste Management Practices of Resident in San Jose Stem 12 Linnaeus

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SAN JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL, SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

BRGY. CAPAOAY, SAN JACINTO, PANGASINAN

Solid Waste Management Practices of Residents in Barangay San Jose

Maekyla Luisa G. Bruan

Abbiegail P. Del Campo

Jhairen Karel Ishii L. Nazam

Jhasmin Grace M. Nicomedez

Patricia Mae D. Puaso

Donna Joy M. Corpuz

SAN JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL,

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

BRGY. CAPAOAY, SAN JACINTO, PANGASINAN

CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM AND ITS

RATIONALE OF THE STUDY…………………..…………………….…………..

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM………………………………………….………

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY………………………………………….........

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES…………

BRGY. CAPAOAY, SAN JACINTO, PANGASINAN

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH DESIGN

LOCALE OF THE STUDY……………………….……….…………………..

RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY………………………………………………

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE…………………………………….…………

STATISTICAL TREATMENTS OF DATA……………...…………………….…

CHAPTER IV: PRESENTATION OF DATA ……………………………..……………

CHAPTER V: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS…..……

A. LETTER OF REQUEST TO CONDUCT STUDY…………………………………………………..

BRGY. CAPAOAY, SAN JACINTO, PANGASINAN

BRGY. CAPAOAY, SAN JACINTO, PANGASINAN

non-gaseous solid materials from residential, commercial, institutional, construction and

demolishing and street sweeping. It is a consequence of day-to-today activity of

Solid Waste Management practices thereof. Solid Waste Management practices

effectiveness was conceptualized and described as disposal, recovery, recycle, recycle,

comparative design of quantitative research. Respondents came from a quota of 40

BRGY. CAPAOAY, SAN JACINTO, PANGASINAN

rated poor. Discussions, recommendations, limitations and suggestions for future

research study are further elaborated.

BRGY. CAPAOAY, SAN JACINTO, PANGASINAN

research entitled: “SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN BARANGAY SAN JOSE”.

Profound thanks and appreciation are addressed:

during the conduct of this study.

served as a big help;

process in writing this research.

successful without you.

BRGY. CAPAOAY, SAN JACINTO, PANGASINAN

This research is whole-heartedly dedicated to the barangay San Jose especially

BRGY. CAPAOAY, SAN JACINTO, PANGASINAN

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

terms, and the frameworks.

RATIONALE OF THE STUDY

The environment has been occupied by generated components or objects that

are determined as wastes. Wastes are defined as unwanted or unusable materials:

are the most common and abundant.

agricultural operations, and from community activities. According to EPA Guidelines

BRGY. CAPAOAY, SAN JACINTO, PANGASINAN

hazard potential, including radioactive, flammable, infectious, toxic, or non-toxic (World

of Earth Science 2008).

The presence of waste, especially solid waste, is an indication of consumption of

Association of Southeast Asian Nations, according to a report by the United Nations

production is out of control.

In response to the issue of the uncontrolled production of waste, especially solid

of wastes. According to Science dictionary (2017), it is defined as the discipline

associated with control of generation, storage, collection, transport or transfer, processing