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Econometrics Lecture 3 Probability Refresher
Econometrics Lecture 3 Probability Refresher
University of Navarra
Department of Economics
Spring, 2024
1 Terminology
1 Terminology
X := {1, 2, 3}
S = {W in, Lose}
= {Rain, Sunny}
= {Heads, T ails}
What is an event?
A collection of outcomes
f(x) = 3 ·x2
Z 0.4
P r (0.2 ≤ X = x ≤ 0.4) = 3 · x2 dx
0.2
3
1
0.8
2
0.6
f(x)
F(x)
1 0.4
0.2
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
xx
Interval xx
CMF – Properties
P r (X ≤ xi ) ≥ 0 ∀xi ∈ S and P r X ≤ sup =1
xi ∈S
1
P r(X ≤ 1) = 6
P4 1 1 4
P r(X ≤ 4) = i=1 6 =4· 6 = 6
etc.
A continuous example
Assume X ∈ [0, 1]
Z x
P r(X ≤ x) = 3 · x2 dx
0
R 0.2 0.2
P r(X ≤ 0.2) = 0 3 · x2 dx = x3 0 = 0.008
R 0.5 0.5
P r(X ≤ 0.5) = 0 3 · x2 dx = x3 0 = 0.125
R 0.9 0.9
P r(X ≤ 0.9) = 0 3 · x2 dx = x3 0 = 0.729
Z 2
c · x2 dx = 1
0
c 3 2
· x 0=1
3
8
c· =1
3
3
c=
8