Code-switching involves alternating between two or more languages or dialects within a

conversation or communication context. This switch can happen at the sentence, phrase, or
even word level. For example, someone might say, “I need to comprar some groceries” where
“comprar” is a switch to Spanish within an English sentence.
Borrowing, on the other hand, refers to the incorporation of words or phrases from one
language into another without translation. These borrowed elements often retain their original
pronunciation and may undergo some adaptation to fit the phonetic or grammatical rules of
the borrowing language. For instance, English borrowed the word “rendezvous” from French,
maintaining its French pronunciation.
In summary, code-switching involves switching between languages during communication,
while borrowing is the incorporation of words or phrases from one language into another.