Introduction to Psychology

(ASSIGNMENT #2 … SEMESTER FALL-2023)

(Submission Date (19 December, 2023)

Submitted By:

KHADIJA ARSHAD (23011502-003)

Course Title:
(Introduction to Psychology)
Course Code:
PSY-101
BS ENGLISH 1st (Section “A”)
Submitted To:

MS. Faiza Zafar

UNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT
 Topic:
Nervous System
. The nervous system is our body’s command center. The nervous system includes
the brain, spinal cords and billions of interconnected cells. This system sends
messages between the brain and the body. It’s like a superhighway of information
helping your body work together. The nervous system is divided into two main
parts.

1. Central nervous system

2. Peripheral nervous system

1. Central nervous system:

The central nervous system is like the command center of your brain,
which processes information and makes decisions, and the spinal cord, which acts
as a communication highway, transmitting signals between the brain and the body.
The brain is the central and most vital organ in the central nervous system. Spinal
cord is a long, tube-like structure that extends from the base down the spine.

2. Peripheral nervous system:

 The peripheral nervous system is like a network that extends beyond the
central nervous system. It connects the central nervous system to the limbs and
organs. It consists of sensory and motor neurons that transmit signals between the
CNS and the body.

It further divided into two divisions:

 Somatic nervous system

 Autonomic nervous system

 Somatic nervous system:

The somatic nervous system is responsible for voluntary muscle movements
and processes sensory information. It controls skeletal muscles and is
involved in activities such as walking or reaching for an object.
 Autonomic nervous system:

The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary bodily functions,

such as heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, and pupil dilation. It operates without
conscious control.

It is divided into two branches:

 Sympathetic nervous system

 Parasympathetic nervous system
Difference between Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous
system:
Sympathetic NS
Function Prepares the body for fight
or flight responses,
activating energy
expenditure.
Activation Activated during stress,
emergencies, or physical
exertion.
Ganglia Location A ganglion is located
close to the spinal cord.
Effects on Hear rate Increase heart rate.
Pupil Dilation Causes pupil dilation.
Salivary Gland Decrease salivary gland
Secretion secretion.
Dominance in Resting Less activate during
state resting states.
Duration of Action Generally has a shorter
duration of action.
Sweat Gland Activity Stimulates sweat gland
activity.
THE END
Parasympathetic NS
Facilitates rest and digest
activities, promoting
energy conservation and
recovery.
Activated during restful
and non-stressful
conditions.
A ganglion is located near
or within target.
Decrease heart rate.
Causes pupil constriction.
Increase salivary gland
secretion.
More activate during
resting states, promoting
relaxation and recovery.
Tends to have a longer
duration of action.
Generally has little effect
on sweat gland activity.