Book Club 07/05/2022

TOBIAS CHAPTER 117 – Urethra (pp 2234-2253)

1. Longitudinally oriented smooth muscle fibers surround the submucosa along the entire length
of the urethra. A thicker, striated (urethralis) muscle layer, with fibers oriented in a circular
fashion, surrounds the smooth muscle...
a. In the proximal third of the urethra.
b. In the distal half of the urethra.
c. In the distal two thirds of the urethra.
d. In the distal third of the urethra.

2. What is the somatic efferent nerve supply of the striated muscle?

a. Pelvic nerve. FALSE. Parasympathetic supply of the smooth muscle.
b. Hypogastric nerve. FALSE. Sympathetic supply of the smooth muscle.
c. Pudendal nerve.

3. What was the main finding of the paper by Root et al.: The effect of prepubertal and
postpubertal gonadectomy on penile extrusion and urethral diameter in the domestic cat (Vet
Radiol Ultrasound 1996)?
a. Gonadectomy or age at time of gonadectomy does not affect urethral diameter in
mature male cats.
b. Gonadectomy at an age younger than 8 months was associated with a significant
decrease in urethral diameter.
c. Gonadectomy affects urethral diameter but no correlation with age at time of
gonadectomy was found.

4. Answer the following questions about this image:

 a. What diagnostic procedure has been performed?
b. What are the main imaging radiographic findings?
c. What is the most likely radiological diagnosis?

5. Narrowing of the urethral diameter must reportedly exceed what percentage before an
animal shows clinical signs?
a. 20%
b. 40%
c. 60%
d. 75%

6. What condition is depicted in the image, and which breed is overepresented?

7. What surgical technique is shown in the picture?
Which instrument can be used alternatively other than a cannulated catheter?

8. In the study by Addison et al.: A retrospective analysis of urethral rupture in 63 cats (JFMS
2014), what percentage of cats with urethral disruptions survived to discharge?
a. 30%
b. 45%
c. 65%
d. 75%

9. In that same study, what was the most common aetiology?