Parts of the computer practicals

a )Identify the part

1) Heat sink.
- A heat sink is a device employed in electronic gadgets to disperse the heat produced by electronic
components, like a central processing unit (CPU) or graphics processing unit (GPU). Typically
constructed of metal and featuring fins, it enhances surface area to facilitate more effective heat
dissipation.

b)Problem associated with heat sink

- As time progresses, a heat sink may gather dust and debris, diminishing its efficiency in heat
dissipation. Furthermore, the thermal interface material between the heat sink and the electronic
component might deteriorate, resulting in sub-optimal heat transfer.
The thermal interface material (TIM) between the heat sink and the electronic component is
commonly referred to as thermal paste or thermal compound.

c) How to solve heat sink problem

 Cleaning:

Use compressed air or a can of air to blow away dust and debris from the heat sink fins.
If the buildup is substantial, you might need to remove the heat sink for a more thorough cleaning.

 Replacing Thermal Paste:

If you've removed the heat sink, clean off the old thermal paste from both the heat sink and the
component using isopropyl alcohol.Isopropyl is a type of alcohol,also known as rubbing alcohol. It is a
common solvent used for cleaning and disinfecting various surfaces, electronics, and components
Apply a small, pea-sized amount of high-quality thermal paste in the center of the CPU or GPU before
reattaching the heat sink.

 Checking Mounting Pressure:

Ensure that the heat sink is properly mounted and that the pressure is evenly distributed. An
unevenly mounted heat sink can result in poor thermal contact.

 Upgrading the Heat Sink:

In some cases, especially with high-performance systems, upgrading to a more efficient heat sink with
better cooling capacity may be necessary.
 d) Procedure on how to solve heat sink problems
.
 Cleaning:

Power off and disconnect the electronic device.

Use compressed air to blow away dust from the heat sink fins. Hold the fan in place to prevent it from
spinning while cleaning.
If needed, remove the heat sink according to the device's manual and clean it thoroughly.

 Replacing Thermal Paste:

If you've removed the heat sink, clean the old thermal paste using isopropyl alcohol and a lint-free
cloth.Apply a small amount of new thermal paste to the center of the CPU or GPU.
Reattach the heat sink and secure it according to the device's manual.

 Checking Mounting Pressure:

Ensure that the heat sink is evenly and securely mounted.

Tighten screws in a cross-pattern to ensure even pressure distribution.

 Upgrading the Heat Sink:

Research and purchase a compatible heat sink with better cooling capabilities.
Follow the manufacturer's instructions for installation.

2) a) COOLING FAN
A computer fan, also known as a cooling fan is a mechanical device designed to dissipate heat
generated by computer components, primarily the central processing unit and graphics processing
unit .

b)Problem associated with heat sink

 Loud or Noisy fan.
Noisy fan can be associated by accumulation of dust or as a result of worn out bearings or damaged
fan blades .

 Immobile/motionless fan
This issue can be caused by faulty fan motor, power supply issues, motherboard problems or worn
out or disconnected fan power cables.

 Overheating:
Insufficient cooling may result from a fan that is not functioning properly, inadequate airflow, or
problems with the application of thermal paste.

 Vibrations:
Vibrations can be caused Inadequate installation, screws that are not securely tightened, or blades
that have been damaged.

 Cables interference:
Loose or surrounding cables may obstruct oscillation of the cooling fan .

c) How to solve cooling fan problems

  Physical Inspection:
Turn off and disconnect the device, then visually examine the fan for any obstructions or debris.
 Cleaning :
Use compressed air or a brush to clean dust from the fan blades and surrounding areas.
 Cooling fan replacement :
If problems arise with the bearings or motor, contemplate replacing the individual components
or opt for replacing the entire fan.
 Consult professional help:
Consulting a professional to diagnose and fix the issue is recommended in order to solve the
problem promptly at the same time avoiding more damage .
 Mechanical examination:
Conduct a mechanical examination by manually rotating the fan to ensure it moves smoothly,
and be attentive to any signs of stiffness or unusual sounds.

d) Procedure on how to solve cooling fan problems

.
 Identify the Problem:
Determine whether the cooling fan is not working at all, making unusual noises, or not providing
sufficient cooling.

 Check Power Supply:

Ensure that the device or system is getting power. Check power cables, connections, and fuses. If
applicable, make sure the power source is functioning correctly.

 Clean the Fan:

Dust and debris can accumulate on the fan blades and hinder its performance. Power off the device
and carefully clean the fan using compressed air or a soft brush. Ensure that the fan can rotate freely
after cleaning.

 Inspect for Physical Damage:

Check the fan blades and surrounding components for any visible damage. Replace any broken or
damaged parts.

 Software Issues :
Ensure that device drivers and system software are up-to-date. Some motherboards or fan controllers
may have software settings that affect fan speed. Adjust these settings as needed.

 Replace Faulty Components:

If the fan motor or other internal components are faulty, they may need to be replaced. Make sure to
use compatible replacement