Vending machines

BE SUPPOSED TO: Something planned or arranged / Suponer

DISPENSE: To carry out; Administer / Distribuir; Administrar
DROP: To fall or let fall from a higher to a lower place / Caer, Tirar
FIND OUT: To discover information / Darse cuenta; Descubrir
GET BACK / GOT BACK: To return from a place; To receive back / Regresar
INSERT: To put, place, or thrust in / Insertar
LIFT: To raise; Elevate / Levantar
OPERATE: To function effectively; Work / Operar
STICK / STUCK: To fasten or hold fast with or as with an adhesive material / Pegar
TEACH / TAUGHT: To impart knowledge or skill; To instruct / Enseñar
WORK: Exertion or strength or faculties to accomplish something / Trabajo
AFTER: Behind in a place or order / Despues
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ANOTHER: Being one more in addition; being one more of the same kind / Otro
BEFORE: In front; ahead; in advance / Antes
EVERYWHERE: In or to every place / En todos lados
EXACT / EXACTLY: Strictly accurate; precise / Exacto
FAVORITE: A person or thing regarded with peculiar favor / Favorito
FINALLY: Coming at the end; Ultimate and definitive / Finalmente
FOR: In the most general sense, indicating that in consideration of which, in view of which, everything is, or
takes place / Para
LAST / LASTLY: Being, coming or remaining after all others / Ultimo
NO: Not any; Not at all / No
OUT OF: Away from within a space; from the interior, or beyond the limits or boundary of something / Fuera
de
POPULAR: Widely liked or appreciated / Popular
STUCK: Past participle of stick / Pegado
UNTIL: Up to the time of; Before a specified time / Hasta
WHEN: At what time, In what period, How long ago, How soon / Cuando
WHILE: A space of time; When short and marked by some action or happening / Mientras
CANDY BAR: Hard crystalline mass formed by evaporating or boiling cane sugar / Dulce
CHIP: A small piece broken or cut off / Fragmento, astilla
COIN RETURN / RELEASE: To release a coin; To let loose again; To set free; To let go / Liberar
CREAM: The yellowish fatty part of milk / Crema
DETERGENT: A cleansing agent, as water, soap, or a soluble or liquid preparation / Detergente
DIET DRINK: A liquid for drinking; Beverage regulated or free of sugar / Bebida de dieta
GUM / CHEWING GUM: Any of a class of colloidal substances, hardening on drying, extracted from plants,
and usually soluble in water / Goma de mascar
KNOB: A rounded handle / Chapa; Manija
MACHINE: A material construction, handiwork of a divine or supernatural power / Maquina
NUT: A dry fruit or seed having a separable rind or shell and interior kernel or meat / Nuez
OPENING: A making or becoming open; Act of beginning / Abertura; Inauguracion
SELECTION: To choose from among several / Seleccion
SODA / SODA POP / SOFT DRINK: Any of various forms of sodium carbonate; A flavored, carbonated soft
drink; A nonalcoholic beverage / Refresco; soda; Bebida no alcoholica
TIME: The period during which an action, process, continues; measured or measurable duration Tiempo
TRAY: A flat, shallow receptacle with a raised edge used for carrying, holding or displaying articles / Bandeja
VENDING MACHINE: A slot machine for vending merchandise / Maquina vendedora
WASHING MACHINE: A machine for washing cloth in a manufactory / Lavadora
OUT OF ORDER: A matching or something that does not work properly anymore / Fuera de servicio

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(THERE’S NO MONEY FOR A NEW CAR)

no In a diet drink
There’s a lot of sugar In a soda pop.
a little In juice

a few in room B
There are a lot of students in room A.
no in room C

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Using how + to-infinitive

Found out
Forgot
Know
Learned
Remembered

Bill Showed how to fix the car.

Told Me
Taught

Asked (me)

Complete the sentences. Use how+ to-infinitive

1. I know ________________________________________

2. Yesterday, I learned______________________________

3. Today, I’ll find out________________________________

4. I always forget___________________________________

5. I don’t remember_________________________________

6. I’d like someone to show me ________________________

7. Please don’t ask me_______________________________

8. I need someone to teach me ________________________

9. Tell me__________________________________________

Using adverb clauses of time

WHEN, WHILE, AFTER, BEFORE, UNTIL

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Jerry listens to the radio while he studies. James was watching TV before his brother called.

Bonnie saw the new sofa when she came in. Major, Sims will write to us after arrives home.

Fran can’t buy a new car until she saves some money.

IT’S THE SAME, BUT DIFFERENT.

The students were studying when the teacher walked in.

When the teacher walked in, the students were studying.

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Let’s Practice!!!!!!!!!

BE SUPPOSED TO
Be supposed to is used to express something that

- - is planned or arranged
The train was supposed to arrive at 10:30. The movie is supposed to start at 7:00.

- - is to be expected (because of duty or law)

Are the men supposed to clean the barracks? We're supposed to wear our uniforms every day.

Be not supposed to is used to express something that is not allowed or advisable.

You’re not supposed to wear your hats inside the building.
They’re not supposed to watch TV at 2 in the morning.

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 Sometimes “it is supposed to...” = it is said a. It is supposed to be the most delicious
to... steak in town.

Sometimes “be supposed to” has a different b. We were supposed to go to the party but
meaning. It means supposed to happen = it is we got an important meeting.
planned, arranged or expected. Often this is c. She is supposed to finish her homework
different from what really happens. so she can’t come with us.

d. You’re not supposed to tell it. It’s a

'be + not supposed to' often suggests that secret.
something is not allowed or prohibited. e. She’s not supposed to eavedrop our
conversation.

A. Fill in the blanks with the provided words.

1. She was supposed to __________ here at 4 pm.
2. My brother was not supposed to __________ his
friend’s toys. go
3. We are supposed to __________ swimming but
it’s raining hard right now. be listen
4. Students are supposed to __________ to the
teacher’s explanation. have call
5. I’m supposed to __________ groceries this hand
Sunday.
6. They are not supposed to __________ off the
event. So many people have bought the tickets.
B.7. Write your opinions
I’m supposed about the in
to __________ sentences below
at the airport check
atusing “be supposed to”.
1.eight.
My neighbor parked his car in front of my house. get
buy steal
8. Brothers and sisters are supposed to __________
He was supposed to park his car in his own garage.
along.
9. 2.Those
Rubycollege students are supposed to
was late.
__________ in the tasks by Friday.
3. The party is held at a five-star hotel.
10. He is supposed to __________ surgery
4.immediately.
The market is open at 7.
5. My little sister gets measles.
6. We will have a music concert next year.

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DECIDE (TO) : To make a choice or Judgment / Decidir.
INTRODUCE : To present formally / Presentar.
LET : To permit / Permitir.
RECEIVE :To permit to enter; Recibir.
SHAKE/SHOOK: To Agitate, the act of shaking hands / Agitar, Estrechar (La mano de alguien).
SHOP : To examine goods or services with intent to buy / Hacer compras, comprar.
WRITE/WROTE DOWN : To record in written form / Tomar notas.
AFRAID (OF) : Filled with fear or apprehension / Temer, tener miedo de.
ALONE : Solitary, Isolate from others / Solo, estar solo, a solas.
DOWN : Occupying a low position / Abajo, Hacia abajo.
DOWNSTAIRS : Situated on the main, lower, or ground floor of a building / Planta baja.
EVERYBODY : Every person, everyone / Todos, Todo el mundo.
EVERYONE : Everybody / Todos/as.
POLITE/POLITELY : Marked by an appearance of consideration, tact, deference, or courtesy / Cortes,
educado, cortesmente.
UP : Being in a raise position / Hacia arriba, arriba, en lo alto.
UPSTAIRS : Situated aboved the stairs, esp. On an upper floor / Piso superior o de arriba.
ADULT : One that is adult / Adulto.
CAFETERIA : Retail coffee store / Cafeteria.
CLOTHING STORE : A store in which garments are sold / Tienda de ropa.
DEPARTMENT STORE : A section handling a particular kind of merchandise /Tienda departamental.
ESCALATOR : A power driven set of stairs arranged like an endless belt that ascend or descend
continuously / Escalera electrica.
FLOOR : (LEVEL/STORY) The level base of a room; Piso, nivel.

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INTRODUCTION : Act of Introducing, a putting in / Presentacion.
MALL : A large suburban building or group of buildings containing various shops with associated
passageways / Centro comercial.
NEIGHBOR : One living or located near another / Vecino.
PARKING LOT : An area used for the parking of motor vehicles / Estacionamiento.
RULE : A prescribed guide for conduct or action / Regla, norma.
SHOP : Handicraft establishment, a building or room stocked with merchandise for sale / Tienda, comercio.
SHOPPING CENTER : A group of retail stores and service establishments. Centro comercial.
STAIRS : A series of steps or flights of steps for passing from one level to another. / Escalera .
SUPPER : The evening meal, a light meal served late in the evening./ Cena.
VARIETY STORE : A retail store that carries a large variety of merchandise esp. Of low unit value. / Tienda
de abarrotes.
GO SHOPPING : Ir de compras.
HAVE YOU MEET : (Noun/Pronoun/Proper noun) ? / Conoces a (alguien).
HOW DO YOU DO ? / Que haces? A que te dedicas?
IT’S A PLEASURE TO MEET YOU:/ Es un placer conocerlo.
LET ME INTRODUCE: Permitame presentarle a (alguien).

EVERYONE:

IS EVERYONE GOING TO THE PARTY? YES, EVERYBODY IS GOING.

Does everyone likes to go to the mall

everybody .

Yes, everyone likes to go to the mall. No, not, everyone likes to go to the mall.
everybody everybody

Using an adjective + to-infinitive

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CHARLES WASN’T AFRAID TO FLY THE HELICOPTER.
The infinitive form of the verb ( to eat, to leave, to say, etc. ) Can sometimes follow an adjetive in the pattern :

Subject + BE + Adjective + Infinitive. The adjectives in the paradigm follow this pattern.

Ted isn’t ready to leave the party. Col. Davis will be pleased to speak at graduation.
.Janet is happy to be back in town. Calvin was upset to hear about the accident
Frank was glad to help Judy move. Lt. Brooks is nice to say goodbye to his men.
Is Linda sorry to live alone.

Using a verb + gerund

Sometimes we use the simple present tense to express a future action.

IS GOING TO ARRIVE WILL ARRIVE

THE BUS WILL ARRIVE TOMORROW. I IS GOING TO ARRIVE = ARRIVES
IS ARRIVING IS ARRIVING
ARRIVES

Examples

▪ The bus leaves at 08:00 am on Tuesdays.

▪ The examination starts at 9 o’clock tomorrow.
▪ The train leaves for Paris at 10:00 pm.
▪ I leave London at 3 o’clock and I arrive in Paris at 10 o’clock.
▪ The lesson starts at nine every day.
▪ Hurry up! The plane departs in 5 minutes.

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 11
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Changing a tire

How to change a tyre

1. Prepare the car. Apply the
handbrake and remove all
passengers from the car. ...
2. Position the wheel chocks.
Chocks prevent the car from
rolling while jacked up. ...
3. Loosen the wheel nuts. ...
4. Jack the car up. ...
5. Remove the flat tyre. ...
6. Mount the spare wheel. ...
7. Lower the car and tighten the
bolts. ...
8. Fully lower the car

COVER. To put something over the top of something in order to hide or protect it, cubrir.
HAND (OUT).To give something to each member of a group of people, distribuir.
HURRY UP. To make someone do something more quickly, apurar.
INFLATE. To fill with air or gas so that it becomes larger, inflar.
JACK UP. To lift something heavy of the ground using a jack, levantar con gato hidráulico.
KEEP. To have something and no need to give it back, conservar.
LOOSEN. To make something less tight, aflojar.
LOWER. To reduce something in amount, reducir en cantidad.
MIND. To feel annoyed about something, molestarse por algo.
PASS OUT. To faint, desmayar.
RAISE. To move something to a higher position, levantar algo.
REMOVE. To take something away from the place it is, mover algo de su lugar.
REPLACE. To be used instead of another thing, reemplazar.
COMMON. Ordinary and not special, común.
ENOUGH. The necessary degree, suficiente.

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EXTRA. More of something, mas de algo.
FLAT. Without raised areas, plano.
LOOSE. Not firmly fixed in place, flojo.
QUICK. Moving or happening fast, rápido.
SPARE. An additional thing, repuesto.
TIGHT. Fitting apart of your body very closely, ajustado.
AIR. The mixture of gases that we breathe, aire.
COVER. Something that is put over something to protect it, cubierta.
HUB CAP. A metal cover for the center of a wheel on a vehicle, tapón.
JACK. A piece of equipment used to lift heavy things, gato hidrúlico.
KEY. A small piece of metal which you put into a lock and turn in order to lock or unlock, llave.
LUG. A part of something that sticks out and can be used as a handle, birlo.
NUT. A small piece of metal with a hole through the middle, tuerca.
TIRE. A thick, round band of rubber that fits around the wheel of a car, llanta.
TRUNK. The part at the back of a car where you can put bags, etc, cajuela.
WHEEL. One of the round things under a car that turn when it moves, rueda.
WRENCH. A metal tool with a round end that fits over and turns nuts, llave española.
DO A FAVOR. To help somebody out, hacer un favor.
IN A HURRY. Quickly, rápidamente.
OF COURSE. Certainly, por supuesto.

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The object of a verb is usually a noun or pronoun.` I like basketball.
(noun)
The object of a verb can also be a gerund. A gerund is the “Ing” form of a verb. It is used as a noun.
I like playing basketball. I like playing basketball.
(gerund) (gerund phrase)

THERE ARE CERTAIN VERBS THAT CAN BE FOLLOWED BY GERUNDS.

MIKE STARTS MOVING NEXT WEEK

ENJOY MIND BEGIN (NEGATIVE) FINISH LIKE

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 15
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POLITE REQUESTS.

WE USE COULD YOU AND WOULD YOU TO MAKE POLITE REQUESTS (WHEN WE NEED ANOTHER
PERSON’S HELP).

POLITE REQUEST. ANSWERS.

COULD YOU OPEN THE DOOR? YES, OF COURSE I CAN. NO, I AM SORRY, I CAN’T.

WOULD YOU HELP? YES, I’LL BE HAPPY TO HELP YOU. I’D LIKE TO, BUT I
CAN’T RIGHT NOW.
Read the following expressions!

Polite request: Polite response: Polite refusal

Can you…(please)? All right Sorry
Can you help me? Sure! Sorry, I’m using it right now.
Will you…(please)? Here you are No, I’m sorry. I can’t
Could you please……? Yes, of course I’d like to, but…..
Would you please…? I’d be happy to
Would you mind…? My pleasure
May I….?
Can I…. ?

Reported speech with say and ask

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1.Sgt Rose: Go to the dispensary at 0700.
Pvt Jones: What did Sgt Rose say?
Pvt Berry: He said to go to the dispensary at 0700.

2. Travel Agent: Do not bring a knife on the airplane.

Customer 1: What did she say?
Customer 2: ______________________________________.
Teller: Would you say your full name, please?
Linda: What did he ask you?
Susan: ____________________________________.

3.Sgt Harris: Sir, call Captain Ford before noon.

Lt Brown: What did Sgt Harris say?
Lt Green: _______________________________________.

4.Father: Don’t leave the door open.

Jill: What did Dad say?
Tommy: ________________________________________.

5.Mary: Would you put some gas in the truck?

Joe: What did she ask you?
Steve: ________________________________________.

6.Ms Ellis: Could you work late tonight?

Robert: What did Ms Ellis ask you?
Boby. __________________________________________.

7.Maj Smith: Get Sgt Powers on the phone.

Pvt Riley: What did Maj Smith say?
Pvt Star: _______________________________________

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BE ABLE TO: Use to express ability; can / Poder.
COLLECT: To bring together; To gather; To put / Recoger; Coleccionar.
MARRY: To take (a person) as one’s husband or wife / Casar Casarse.
OWN: To possess; Have / propio.
TAKE/TOOK (DISTANCE/TIME): To get hold of; To require / Tomar; Llevar.
TYPE: To produce a copy of by means of a type writer / Escribir a maquina.
WORK ON: To make by labor; To bring about by action / Trabajar en algo.
GET MARRIED: To perform the ceremony of marriage between to people / Casarse.
WHAT (KIND OF WORK) DO YOU DO?: What type of of activity release / Que tipo de trabajo haces.
IT TAKES TO.: Time required to realize an action / Esto toma.para.
ARTICLE: A separate object; Section of document; Literary composition in a newspaper or magazine /
Articulo.
AUNT: Father’s or mother’s sister; An uncles wife / Tia.
BABY: An infant / Bebe.
BOSS: The master; Manager / Jefe.
BUSINESS: Trade; Profession / Negocios.
BUSINESSMAN/WOMAN: Merchant / negociante.
CASHIER: One who has charge o the receiving and paying of money / Cajero.
COLLECTION: The act of collecting; A set of objects / Colección.
COMPANY: Group of people; Person united for trade / Compañía.
COUSIN: The son or daughter of one’s uncle or aunt / Primo; Prima.
DENTIST: One who takes out or care for teeth / Dentista.
DRIVER: One who drives / Conductor.
FOLKS: One’s own family / Parientes; Allegados.
GRANDFATHER: Fathers or mothers father / Abuelo.

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GRANDMOTHER: Father’s or mother’s mother / Abuela.
GRANDPARENT: Grandfather and grandmother/ Abuelos.
MAGAZINE: Publication issued at intervals, containing articles, stories etc. / Revista.
MARRIAGE: The ceremony by which a man and woman be come husband and wife / Matrimonio.
NEPHEW: The son of a brother or sister / Sobrino.
NEWS: Report of resents events / Noticias.
NEWSPAPER: A paper printed each day, week, and containing news / Periodico.
NIECE: The daughter of a brother or sister / Sobrina.
OCCUPATION: Work that takes up one’s attention for a time / Ocupación, trabajo.
PARENT: Father and mother / Padres.
RELATIVE: Comparative; Whit reference to; Folks / Relativo; Parientes.
SALESPERSON: Person who sell or show goods to customers; Seller / Vendedor.
SECRETARY: One employed to write letters and carry out business to anthers or for a society / Secretaria.
UNCLE: The brother of one’s father or mother / Tio.
WORK: Effort put out to make or to achieve something; Labour / Trabajo.
WRITER: A person that write / Escritor.
ABOUT: Around; Nearly / A cerca de.
FAMOUS: Well known; Reknowned / Famoso.
FAR: Distance; More distance of two / Lejos.
FROM: Beginning at; Out of / De, desde.
HOW: In what manner; To what extend / Como; Cuanto.
IT (IMPERSONAL): The thing; Use as object; Possessive /Ello, la, el.
PLEASANT: Agreeable; Cheerful / Agradable; Simpatico.
SINGLE: Unmarried; One only / Soltero; Solo.

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BOOK 10
Using it as the subject of a sentence

Use the impersonal it in statements, yes/no questions, affirmative and negative

answers, and affirmative information questions to refer to
temperature, weather, time, distance.

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BE ABLE TO

Be able to is used to express ability. It is the same as can

Present. John is able to speak three languages. John can speak three languages.
Future We’ll be able to leave tomorrow. We can leave tomorrow
Past I wasn’t able to go last night. I couldn’t go last night.

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