FIGURE 1.

73

1.18 The static equilibrium position of a massless rigid bar, hinged at point O and connected with
springs k 1 and k 2, is shown in Fig. 1.74. Assuming that the displacement (x) resulting from
the application of a force F at point A is small, find the equivalent spring constant of the sys-
1. Determine the nature frequencies of the following systems (mass of the springs are
tem, k e, that relates the applied force F to the displacement x as F = k ex.
negligible):

k1 * 2k
F O
A

x
k2 * k l
4

l l l
4 4 2

(a) byThe
FIGURE 1.74 Rigid bar connected mass of the rotating arm is M.
springs.

1.19 Figure 1.75 shows a system in which the mass m is directly connected to the springs with
stiffnesses k 1 and k 2 while the spring with stiffness k 3 or k 4 comes into contact with the mass
based on the value of the displacement of the mass. Determine the variation of the spring
force exerted on the mass as the displacement of the mass (x) varies.

1.20 Figure 1.76 shows a uniform rigid bar of mass m that is pivoted at point O and connected by
springs of stiffnesses k 1 and k 2. Considering a small angular displacement u of the rigid bar
about the point O, determine the equivalent spring constant associated with the restoring
moment.

(Natural frequency of the right systems needs to be determined.)

(b)

2. A water turbine of mass 1,000 kg and mass moment of inertia 500kg*m^2 is mounted at
the center of a solid steel shaft (shear modulus G=79.3GPa), as shown in the following
Figure (a=l/2; d=0.03m). The operational speed of the turbine is 2,400 rpm. Assuming
the ends of the shaft to be fixed, find the values of l, such that the natural frequency of
torsional vibration of the turbine is greater than the operational speed of the turbine.
(Thickness of the turbine and mass of the shaft are negligible.)
3. Define the free vibration response at the position, where m is located, with the initial
rotation angle of 𝜃 and velocity of 𝜃̇ of the bar.

The mass of the rotating arm is M.

M02_RAO8193_5_SE_C02.QXD 8/21/10 4:03 PM Page 239

4. Find the natural frequency of the following system: (Use the torsional system equation) PROBLEMS 239

k k

l
A 3

kt
2l
3
k k

FIGURE 2.96
Mass of the rotating arm is M (rotating system).
2.74 A cylinder of mass m and mass moment of inertia J0 is free to roll without slipping but is
restrained by two springs of stiffnesses k1 and k2, as shown in Fig. 2.97. Find its natural fre-
quency of vibration. Also find the value of a that maximizes the natural frequency of vibration.

k1 m, J0 k2

R a