91 10th Maths Book Back One Mark Questions With Key English Medium

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STANDARD TEN
lia.Oi . rgrg
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l
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saasla
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d aad a
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i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
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l a a i l a a i l a a i l a a i
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w ww
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w
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i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a i a i a i a i
d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
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i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
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l
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asala a i l
asala a i l
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BOOK BACK
a ad
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i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa aa aa aa aa
1 MARK
w
ww w w
ww w w
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i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
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i i i i
QUESTION BANK
l
saasa al a l
saasa al a l
saasa al a l
saasa al a saasla
aad a
d aad a
d aad a
d aad a
d aad a
d
w
ww w w
ww w w
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ww w w
ww w
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a i a i a i a i
d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
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ww
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asala ia. O
i . rgrg
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ww
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2019 - 2020
d
a ada sa
l
asala ia. O
i . rgrg
O
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ww
d a
a ad
s a
l
asala ia. O
i . rgrg
O
ww
ww
d a
a ad
s a
l
asala ia.Oi . rgrg
O
ww
ww
d a
a ad
s aasla
w .P.P
w w .P.P
w w .P.P
w w .P.P
w ww.P.P
w
www w
www w
www w
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www
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
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d a
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saasa al a
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d
l
saasa al a DEPARTMENT
d adsaasal al a OFdaMATHEMATICS
dsaasal al a
d adsaasla
aa
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.P.P aa
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w ww
w w ww
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w wwww
ww SHRI KRISHNA ACADEMY ww , NAMAKKAL – 99655 31727
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i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . Orgrg i .O . rgrg
O
aal al a i aal al a i aal al a i aal al a i ala
dasas dasas dasas dasas dasas
s aslaalia. i.O s as laalia. i.O s as laalia. i.O s aslaalia. i.O saasla
aad a
d a aad ad a aad a
d a aad ad a aad a
d
ww.P.P ww.P.P ww.P.P ww .P.P ww.P.P
w
ww w ww w w www w ww w w www w
l a ia.Oi . 1.RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

rgrg
O l a ia.Oi. Orgrg
l a ia.Oi . rgrg
O l a ia.Oi . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P .P.Paa aa
.P.P .P.P aa aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww w w w
w w w w
w w w w
w w
ww 1. If n(A×B) =w6wand A = {1, 3} then w nw(B) is ww ww
(1) 1 rgrg (2) 2 rgrg (3) 3 rgrg (4) 6 rgrg
a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O
2. aAs=
d d a
la b, p}, B = {2,3}, C
asla{a,
d adsaas=la{lap, q, r, s } then dn[(A a
d saas∪lalC)a × B] is
d adsaaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa (1) 8 a
.P.Pa(2) 20 a a
P.P12
.(3) a
.P.P(4)a 16 a
.P.Pa
wwww ww ww wwww ww ww wwww
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3. If A = {1, 2}, B = {1, 2, 3, 4}, C = {5, 6} and D = {5, 6, 7, 8} then state which of the
following i . O . rgstatement
O rg is true. laia.O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
l
asala a i asal i l
asal a a i l
asala a i asla
d a sa × ⊂ × d a sa d a sa × ⊂ d a s×
a d a sa
a ad
.P.P
(1) (A C) (B D)
.P.Pa ad a ad
.P.P
(2) (B D )
.P.P a ad
(A C ) a ad
.P.P
www (3) (A × B ) ⊂w(A ww× D) www (4) (D ww×wA) ⊂ (B × A) www
4. If there.O
i
are
. rgr1024
O g relations from.aO.set
i rgrgA = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} ito
O .O aO
. rgset
rg B, then the number i .O of
. rgrelements
O g
d a
dinsaasBa isl
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P .P.Paa aa
P.P
.(3) .P.P aa aa
.P.P
w ww
w (1) 3 w www (2) 2 w ww
w 4 w ww
w (4) 8 w ww
w
ww ww ww ww ww
5. The range of the relation R = {( x, x 2 ) | x is a prime number less than 13} is
ia.O .Orgrg i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
l a
(1)a{2,3,5,7} i (2) l a
{2,3,5,7,11}
a i (3) a
{4,9,25,49,121}
l a i (4) a i
{1,4,9,25,49,121}
l a
d a
d sasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasla
a6.a If the ordered pairs.P
.P.P a a 4) and (5, 2a+b) are
(a+2, aequal
.P.P a then (a,b) is .P.P aa aa
.P.P
w ww
w w www.P w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w
ww (1) (2, –2) ww (2) (5,1) ww (3) (2,3) ww (4) (3, –2) ww
7. Let n(A) r=grm g and n(B) = n then.O thergtotal
rg number of non-empty rgrg relations that cani.be grg
rdefined
a i . O
i . O a i i . O a i . O
i . O a O
i . O
d a
d saaslalAa to B is
from
d adsaaslala d a
d saaslala d adsaaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa (1) m n a
.P.Pa(2) n m a
P.P2a –1
.(3) mn a
.P.P(4)a 2 mn a
.P.Pa
wwww w www w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w
ww w
8. If {(a, 8), (6, b)w represents an identity function,
w w w
then the value ofwa and b are respectivelyw
w
(1) (8,6) i . O . rgrg
O (2) (8,8)i.O . rgrg
O (3) (6,8) i.O . rgrg
O (4) (6,6) i.O . rgrg
O
l
asa a l a i l a
as=a{4,l a i l a a i
asal f : A → B given byasaasal l a a i asla
9.
d a s
Leta A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and
d a s
Ba 8, 9, 10}. A a sa
function
d d d a sa
a ad
.P.P .P.Pa ad a ad
.P.P .P.P a ad a ad
.P.P
www f = {(1, 4),(2,w8),(3, ww 9),(4, 10)} is a www www www
(1) Many-one rgrg function rgrg (2)
rgrg Identity function rgrg
l a ia. O
i . O l a ia. O
i . O l a ia. O
i . O l a ia.Oi . O
d a
d
(3)
saasa l
One-to-one function
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l (4) Into function
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P .P aa 1 aa
.P.P .P.P aa aa
.P.P
w ww
w 10. If f ( x) = 2 x 2 and w www g.(P
x) = then f ww
 g wis
w w ww
w w ww
w
ww ww 3x ww ww ww
3 rgrg 2 rgrg 2 rgrg 1 rgrg
(1) lalia.2O i . O (2) la2lia.O i . O (3) 2 lalia.O i . O (4) l2alia.O i . O
d a
d saasa2x d adsaa3x
sa d9x
a
d saasa d ad
asa
sa6x d a
d saasla
a11.
.P.P a If f : A → B is a bijective .P.Pa a function and if n.P.(B) aa .P.P a ato aa
.P.P
w ww
w w www w ww P = 7, then n (A) w
w wequal
isw w w ww
w
ww ww ww ww ww
(1) 7 (2) 49 (3) 1 (4) 14
12. Letlalifa.O . rgrgg be two functionsigiven
O . O . rgrgby f = {(0, 1), (2, i0),
O . O . O grg
r(3, i . O . rgrg
O
i
and a
aslala i a i –4), (4, 2), (5, 7)}a i
d a
dg
sa=as{(0,
a
2), (1, 0), (2, d
4),ads(–4,
a 2), (7, 0)} then d
the a
d saaslala
range of f  g is d adsaaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa .P.Paa a
.P.Pa
wwww ww ww wwww ww ww ww ww
ww (1) {0,2,3,4,5} ww (2) {–4,1,0,2,7} ww (3) {1,2,3,4,5} ww (4) {0,1,2} ww
13. Let f (O x= )rgrg1 + x 2 then O rgrg O rgrg O rgrg
l a ia. i . O l a ia. i . O l a ia. i . O l a ia. i . O
a s
(1)a asaf l( xy ) = f ( x). f ( y ) (2) a sa
l ) ≥ f ( x). f ( y ) (3) fs(asxya)l ≤ f ( x). f ( y )
asf a( xy a a (4)a s asal of these
None
a a s aasla
d
a ad d
a ad d
a ad d
a ad d
a ad
w .P.P
w w .P.P
w w .P.P
w = αw .+P.βP
w w .P.P
w
w
www 14. If g = {(1, www
1), w
(2, 3), (3, 5), (4, 7)} is a w
www
function given by g ( xwww
) w x then the values w
www
of
α and β rare
l a ia.Oi . Ogrg l a ia.Oi . rgrg
O l a ia.Oi . rgrg
O l a ia.Oi . rgrg
O
d a
d
(1) a l
saas(–1,2) d
(2)
ad
asa–1)
sa(2, l (3) (–1,
d a
d saas–2)
a l (4)as
d d
asa
(1,2)
a
l
d adsaasla
aa
.P.P .P.Paa aa
.P.P .P.P aa aa
.P.P
w ww
w w www w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w
ww ww wwPage 2
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
aal a l a i aa l a l a i aa l al a i aal al a i ala
s a slaalia. i.O s aslaalia. i.O s as laalia. i.O s as laalia. i.O saasla
aa d a
d a d
aa a
d a aa d a
d a aad a
d a aad a
d
ww.P.P ww .P.P ww .P.P ww.P.P ww.P.P
w
ww w www w ww w w www w wwww
15. f ( x ) = (rxg+g1) − ( x − 1) representsrg
3 3
ag
i . Oi . O r i . Oi . O r function which is i.O i . rgrg
O i .Oi . rgrg
O
l a l
saaslinear
(1) a a (2) l
asa
sacubical a saasa
(3) reciprocal l al a (4)as asal al
quadratic a saasla
aa d a
d d
aa a
d aa d a
d aad d a aad a
d
w
a i . Oi . O 2.NUMBERS AND SEQUENCES

rgrg
a i . Oi . rgrg
O a i . O
i . rgrg
O a i . O
i . rgrg
O
d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.P a a
.P.Pa states that for positive a a
.P.Pintegers a
Pa unique integerswqw a
.PPa
ww wlemma
w ww w.P.exist ww .
wwww
ww 1. Euclid’s division ww ww a and b, w there
ww ww ww ww
and r such that a= bq+r, where r must satisfy.
rgrg rg g rg g rgrg
(1)a1laa< ila.O ri.O <b (2) 0ala <alira.O i<.Ob r (3) 0 ≤ a b.O
<alia
r la i.Or (4) 0a<laarlia.≤ O
i.O b asla
d a sa s d a sa s d a sa s d a s a s d a sa
a2.adUsing Euclid’s division
.P.P .P.P d
a alemma, if the cube of .P.P adpositive integer is .divided
aany a ad by 9 then the .P.P
P.P a ad
w w w w w w w w w w ww w ww
www possible remainders www are www www www
(1) 0, i1, .O 8O
. rgrg (2) 1, 4,i.8O . rgrg
O (3) 0, 1, 3 i.O . rgrg
O (4) 1, 3, i5.O . rgrg
O
3.d a
If
d saathe l
sa HCF of 65 and 117 d a
d sis
a a l
asexpressible in the form
d a
d saof l
asa65m–117 , then theavalue
d d
l
saasa of m is d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P .P.Paa .P.P aa aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w (1) 4 w ww
w (2) 2 w ww
w (3) 1 w www (4) 3 wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
4. The sum rofgrg the exponents of the prime rgrg factors in the prime rfactorization
grg of 1729 is rgrg
l ala i . Oi . O l i
ala . Oi . O l i
ala . O
i . O l alia.Oi.O
d
(1)
a
d saa s1a
d
(2)
a
d sa2as a (3) 3
d a
d sa as a (4)
d a
d s4
aas a
d a
d saasla
a5.a The least number that
.P.P .P.Paisa divisible by all the .numbers a a from 1 to 10 (both ainclusive)
a aa
w ww
w w ww
w w wwP.P
w w www.P.P is wwww.P.P
ww ww ww ww ww
(1) 2025 (2) 5220 (3) 5025 (4) 2520
6. 74k ≡ i . O . rgrg(mod 100)
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a _____i a i a i a i
d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa (1) 1 a
.P.Pa (2) 2 .P.Pa
(3) a 3 a
.P.Pa
(4) 4 a
.P.Pa
wwww w ww
w w ww
w w www wwww
ww 7. Given F1= 1, Fw w 2 = 3 and = Fn Fn −1 + Fn −w w 2 then F5 is w w ww
(1)3laia.O . rgrg
O (2)5 laia.O . rgrg
O (3)8 i . O . rgrg
O (4)11 laia.O . rgrg
O
asal i asal i l
asal a a i asal i asla
d a sa d a sa d a sa d a s a d a sa
a8.adThe first term of an.Parithmetic
.P.P .Pa ad progression isPunity
. .P a ad and the common .difference a ad is 4. Which of.P.P
P.P a ad
w w w w w w w w w w ww w ww
www the followingwwill ww be a term of this A.P. www www www
(1) 4551
.O . rgrg
O (2) 10091Orgrg
. i.O
(3) 7881
.O . rgrg
O (4) 13531Orgrg
. O
l a i
a i l a i a l a ia i th alaliai.
9.daIfsaa6sa l th
times of 6 term ofdan a sa as
A.P.a l is equal to 7 timesd a sa as
the a7l th
term, then the 13
d a s a s
terma of the A.P. is dasaasla
aa
.P.P d .P.Paa d P.P
.(3) aa d aa
.P.P d a ad
.P.P
www w (1) 0 ww w w (2) 6 www w 7 ww ww (4) 13 wwww
ww ww wthw ww ww
10. An A.P. consists of 31 terms. If its 16 term is m, then the sum of all the terms of this A.P. is
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saas16
(1) a ml
d(2)
a
d
asam
sa62 l (3) d 31ad samasa l (4)
d a
d
31
saasam l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P .P.Paa .P.P aa aa 2
.P.P .P.Paa
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w www wwww
ww 11. In an A.P., the ww first term is 1 and the common ww difference is 4. How ww many terms of the A.P. ww must
be taken i . O . rgrgtheir sum to be equal
for
O i . O . rtogrg
O 120? i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a i a i a i a i
d a
d saas6lala
(1) d a
(2)
d sa7aslala (3)ad 8a d saaslala (4)
d a
d s9aaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.P a .P a
Pa .P.Pofa the following is true? a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
ww
ww
ww 12. If A = 265 andww wBww=w 2.64+263+262+… +2w 0
w
w
ww
w
which w w
w www
wwwww
w
(1) B is 264 more
rgrg than A rgrg (2) A
rgrg and B are equal rgrg
l a i
a . Oi . O l a i a. Oi . O l a ia. O
i . O l a ia.Oi . O
(3)
a saasBalis larger than A by a1saasal a sa asal (4) A is larger than a s aasBabyl 1
a s aasla
d
a ad d
a ad d
a ad d
a ad d
a ad
w .P.P
w w w.P.P 3 1 1 ww .1P.P ww.P.P w .P.P
w
w
www 13. The next term w
www
of the sequence , , w
ww 18
, ,......... is w
www w
www
16 8 w12
1i.O . rgrg
O 1 i.O . rgrg
O 2i.O . rgrg
O 1 i.O . rgrg
O
d
(1)
a
d saasa24 l
d
(2)
a
d saas27a l
d a
d
(3)
saasa3 l (4)
d a
d
asa
sa81 l
d adsaasla
aa
.P.P .P.Paa .P.P aa .P.Paa .P.Paa
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w www w ww
w
ww ww wwPage 3
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
aa l a l a i aal al a i aa l al a i aa l al a i ala
s aslaalia. i.O s aslaalia. i.O s aslaalia. i.O s as laalia. i.O saasla
aad a
d a aad a
d a aad a
d a aad a
d a aad a
d
ww.P.P ww .P.P ww .P.P ww .P.P ww.P.P
w
ww w ww w w ww w w ww w w www w
14. If the sequence t1, t2 , t3……... are in A.P. then the sequence t6, t12 , t18……... is
rg g rg g rgrg rgrg
ia.Oi.Or
(1)aalaaGeometric Progressionalaalia.O i.Or l a ia.Oi . O l a ia.Oi . O
d a
d sas l
d a
d sas d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
a a (2) an Arithmetic Progression
.P.P .P.Paa aa
.P.P .P.P aa aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w www w ww
w w ww
w
ww (3) neither anwArithmetic w Progression w w a Geometric progression
nor ww ww
(4) a constant
i . O . rgrg sequence
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a la i a
aslala 3 i a la i a i
d
15.a
d saaslavalue
The of (13
+ 2 3
+ d
3 3as
d+ a....... + 15 ) − (1 + 2 + 3 +d a
d saas+la15)
....... is d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa .P.Paa a
.P.Pa
wwww w ww
w w www w ww
w w ww
w
ww (1) 14400 w w (2) 14200 w w (3) 14280 w w (4) 14520 w w
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
l
asala a i l
asala a i l
asala a i l
asal a a i asla
d a sa d a sa d a sa d a s a d a sa
a ad
.P.P .P.Pa ad a ad
.P.P .P.P a ad a ad
.P.P
w
www
w w wwww w w 3. ALGEBRA wwww w w wwww w w w
www
w w
1. A system .O O grgthree linear equations
rof .O O grgthree variables is inconsistent
rin .O rgrg
O if their planes.OO rgrg
l a ia i . l a ia i . l a ia i . l a ia i .
d a
d(1) a l
saasintersect only at a a
point
d d saasa l
d a
d
l
asaintersect in a line asaasa
sa(2) d d
l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P .P.Paa aa
.P.P .P.P aa aa
.P.P
w ww
w (3) coincides w
with ww
w each other w www (4) do not w ww
w
intersect w ww
w
ww ww ww ww ww
2. The solution
i . O . rgrg of the system x+y−3x
O i . O . rgr=g −6 , −7y+7z=7, 3z
O i . O =r9grg
. O
is
i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d
l
saasxa= 1, y = 2, z = 3 dadsaasa
(1) l
d a
d
l
asax = −1, y = 2, z = 3asaasa
sa(2) d d
l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P aa
.Pz.P aa
.P.P aa
.zP.=−
P aa
.P.P
w ww
w (3) x = −1, y = w ww
−2,
w = 3 w www (4) x = 1, y =w ww
2,
w 3 w ww
w
ww ww ww ww ww
3. If (x− 6) risgrg the HCF of x − 2 x − 24rgrand
2
g x − kx − 6 then.O
2
the rgrvalue
g of k is rgrg
a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O a i i . O a i . O
i . O
d a
d saas3lala
(1) d(2)
a
d sa5aslala 6asaaslala
(3) d
d (4)
d a
d s8aaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa 3 y − 3 7 y − 7 ww a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa .P.Paa a
.P.Pa
wwww ÷ w w w www w ww
w w ww
w
ww 4. w w is w w w w w w
y 3y2
9aylia.O . rgrg
O i . O3O
. rgrg − i . O . rg21
O
+
rg 2 OO
i−. . rg+rg1)
l
asa i l
asala 9 a yi 21 y 2
(3) asaasal 3 l a42 a i
y 7(
(4)asaasal 2
y
l a a i
2 y
asla
d a s
(1)
a d
(2)
a sa d d d a sa
a ad 7
.P.P .P.Pa ad (21y − 21) a ad 3 y
.P.P .P.P a ad y a ad
.P.P
w w w w w w w w w w w w w ww
www www www www www
1
5. y + 2 isrgnot
2
rgrg rgrg rgrg
Org
equal to
l aylia.Oi . l a ia.Oi . O l a ia.Oi . O l a ia.Oi . O
d a
d saasa d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa 2 l
d a
d saasa 2 l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P y4 +1 .P.Paa  1  2
a a 1 
P.P
.(3) .P.P aa  1  aa
.P.P
w ww
w (1) w w
w w (2)  y +  w ww w  y −  + 2 w w
w w (4)  y +  − 2 wwww
ww y2 ww  y  ww  y ww  y ww
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d
6. a
d saasxa − l 8
d
givesa
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
a a x − 25 x + 6 x + 5.P.P
.P.P 2 2 aa aa
.P.P .P.P aa aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w www w ww
w wwww
ww x 2 − 7 x + 40w
w ww w
x 2 + 7 xw+ 40
ww
(1) rgxrg+ 5) rgrg (2) grgx + 5)( x + 1)
r5)( rgrg
( xi.−O i5)(
. O i . O
i . O (i.xOi−.O i . O
i . O
a
saaslala a
saaslala a
saaslala saaslala a saasla
a d a
d a d a
d a d a
d a d a
d a d a
d
ww.P.Pa x 2 − 7 x + 40 ww .P.Pa ww .P.Pa x 2 + 10www.P.P
a
ww.P.Pa
ww
ww (3) 2 ww ww ww ww (4) 2 ww w wwww
( x − 25)( x + 1) ( x − 25)( x + 1)
. O r
O g r g . O r
O g r g . O rgrg
O .O rgrg
O
l
asala ia i . l a
8 a4a10 lia i . l
asala ia i . l
asal a ia i . asla
d a sa 256
d axsa ys z d a sa d a s a d a s a
a7.adThe square root of.P.P
.P.P a ad6 6 6 is equal to .P.P a ad .P.P a ad a ad
.P.P
w w w w w w 25 x y z w w w w w w w ww
www www www www www
2 4 2 2
16 x zg g y gg 16 y 16 xz
(1) i.O.O r2 r (2) 16 i.2O.4O rr (3) 2 i.O . rgrg
O (4) i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa 5 l y
d a
d saasa l
x z
d
5
a
d
xz
saasa l
d a
d
5
saasa ly
d adsaasla
aa
.P.P .P.Paa aa
.P.P .P.P aa aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w www w ww
w wwww
ww ww wwPage 4
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
aal a l a i aal a l a i aal a l a i aa l al a i ala
s as laalia. i.O s as laalia. i.O s as laalia. i.O s as laalia. i.O saasla
d
aa ad a aad ad a aa d a
d a aad a
d a aad a
d
ww.P.P ww .P.P ww.P.P ww.P.P ww.P.P
w
ww w ww w w ww w w www w wwww
8. Which of the following should be added to make x 4
+ 64 a perfect square
OO rgrg .O Orgrg .O rgrg
O .O rgrg
O
l a i
a2. i. l a i
2a i. l a ia i . l a2lia i .
saas4xa l asa l (3) 8xasaasa l −a8x
sa saasla
2
a(1) (2)
a sa16x (4)asa a
d
aa d d
a a2 d aa d d aad d aad d
ww.P.P
9. The solution of w
(2w.xP.−P1) = 9 is equal toww ww.P.P ww.P.P ww.P.P
w
ww w ww w w ww www w wwww
(1) −1 rgrg (2) 2 rgrg (3) –1, 2 rgrg (4) None of rthese grg
a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O
10. The la of a and b if 4sxas4la−la24 x3 + 76 x 2 + ax + b saisslaalaperfect square are saslala
saaslavalues saasla
a d a
d a d ad a a d a
d a a d a
d a a d a
d
ww.P.Pa (1) 100,120 ww .P.Pa(2) 10,12 ww P.Pa
.(3) ww
a
.P.P(4) ww.P.Pa
ww
ww ww ww ww ww –120 ,100 wwww 12,10 wwww
11. If the roots r gr of the equation q 2 x 2 +rpgr2gx + r 2 =
g 0 are the squares rgrgof the roots of the iequation rgrg
l a ia. O
i . O l a ia. O
i . O l a ia. O
i . O l a a. O
i . O
a s
qxaas2 a+l px + r = 0 , then q,a s
p,a
l
asr aare in _____ a sa asal a sa asal a saasla
d
a ad d
a ad d
a ad d
a ad d
a ad
w .P.P
w w w.P.P w .P.P
w w .P.P
w ww.P.P
w
www (1) A.P wwww (2) G.P w
www (3) Both A.P and G.P w
www (4) none of these w
www
12. Graph.Oof
i . rgarglinear polynomial iis.O.aO
O rgrg i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
(1)
d
a l
saasstraight line d a
(2)
d
asa
sacircle l (3) a saasa
parabola
d d
l (4)
d a
d a asa
shyperbolal
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P .P.P aa .P.Paa .P.Paa .P.Paa
w ww
w w ww
w w www w ww
2 w wwww
ww 13. The number ofww points of intersection ofwthe w quadratic polynomial wwx + 4 x + 4 with the Xwaxis w is
(1) 0 .OO
i . rgrg (2) 1 .OO
i . rgrg (3) 0 or 1 .OO
i . rgrg (4) 2
i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa l
d ad
l
saas1a 3 5 7  d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P .P.P aa  ww.P.Paa aa
.PT.P .P.Paa
w ww
w 14. For the given w ww
w
matrix A = 2 4 6 w
8 w the order of the w
matrix wwAw is wwww
ww ww  ww  ww ww
 9 11 13 15 
rgrg  rgrg  rgrg rgrg
a
lala i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O
a saas2x3
(1) a
(2) aslala
sa3x2 (3) d a
3x4 saaslala (4)a a aslala
s4x3 a saasla
a d
a d a d d a d a d d a d d
ww.P.P ww Pa
.P.and .P.Pamany columns does
whow
w ww P.Pa
.AB .P.Pa
ww
ww
ww 15. If A is a 2x3w w
w w
matrix B is a 3x4 w
matrix,
w w w w w
w w have wwww
(1) 3 rgrg (2) 4 rgrg (3) 2 rgrg (4) 5 rgrg
l a ia. O
i . O l a ia. O
i . O l a ia. O
i . O l a ia. O
i . O
16.aIfsaa al
number
s of columns and a sa asal are not equal in aamatrix
rows sa asal then it is said to be a saaasal a saasla
d
a ad d
a ad d
a ad d
a ad d
a ad
w .P.P
w (1) diagonal w
matrixw.P.P w .P.P
w (2) rectangular w .P.P
w
matrix w .P.P
w
w
www wwww wwww w
www w
www
(3) squareg matrix (4) identity
i . O . r rg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrgmatrix
O i . O . rgrg
O
d d saasa
17. Transpose
a
l of a column matrix
d adsaasa is l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
a a (1) unit matrix .P.P
.P.P aa .P.Pa a (2) diagonal matrix .P.Paa .P.Paa
w ww
w w ww
w w www w www w ww
w
ww ww ww ww ww
(3) column matrix (4) row matrix
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
l a a i 
l a a i    l a a i l a a i
18.
d a
dFind
l
saasa the matrix X if d2adXsa+asa  = 1l 3

5 7
 d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P .P.P a a  5 7   9 5 .P.P aa .P.Paa .P.Paa
w ww
w w ww
w w www w www w ww
w
ww ww ww ww ww
 −2 −2  2 2  1 2 2 1
(1)  Orgrg (2)  O rgrg (3)   i.O.O rgrg (4)  O.O rgrg
a 2i . i . O− 1   2 a i .−i .
1 O  2 2 
a i  2 a i
2 .i
d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.P a Which of the following a
.P.Pacan be calculated w a
.PPthe a given matrices .P.Pa a a
.P.Pa
www.
ww 19. ww from ww ww
ww
ww ww ww ww wwww ww
ww
1 2  1 2 3
 .OO rgr,g   O r2grg 2
O rgrgAB O rgrg
A =la3iai.4  B =  4 5 6  , la(i) ia. i .
A O (ii) B l a ia. i . O
(iii) (iv) BA l a ia. i . O
a saasa l   a saasal a sa asal a sa asal a s aasla
d
a ad  5 6   7.P.P d
a8 ad9  d
a ad d
a ad d
a ad
w .P.P
w w w w .P.P
w w .P.P
w w .P.P
w
w
www w
wwonly wwww w
wwonly w
www
(1) (i) and w (ii) (2) (ii) and w (iii)
.O O grg
rand .O rgrg
O .O rgthese
O rg .O rgrg
O
(3)
l a i i
(ii)
a . (iv) only l a ia i . (4)laall ia i .
of l a ia i .
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasla
aa
w ww
w w ww
w w www w www w ww
w
ww ww wwPage 5
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
aa l a l a i aa l al a i aa l a l a i aa l a l a i ala
s as laalia. i.O s aslaalia. i.O s aslaalia. i.O s aslaalia. i.O saasla
aad a
d a aad ad a aad a
d a aad ad a aad a
d
ww.P.P ww .P.P ww.P.P ww.P.P ww .P.P
w
ww w w
ww w ww w w ww ww w
ww w
 1 0 
rgr2g 3  rg g rgrg rgrg
20. If aAlaa=lai .O
i 1O
. =, B  2 −a1laalia.and
 Oi.OrC =  0 1  . Which l a i
a .Oi . O l a ia.Oi . O
d a
d sas  3 2 1  
d ad sas   −2 5 da d saasa l of the following
d
statements
adsaasa l are
d a
d saasla
.P.Paa .P.Paa0 2  aa
.P.P .P.Paa aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w wwww w ww
w
ww ww ww ww ww
 0 1
. O rgrg
O 5 5 . O rgrg 
O  (iii) BA . O rgrg  2 5 
O . O rg−rg8 20 
O
i i . + =   l a i =
i . − i i+. =   i =
i .
saaslala  −8 13  dadsaasla
correct? a (i) AB C (ii)
a BC 2 3 a C (iv) ( AB a
) C
d a
d saaslala a5da d5saasal 

 saslala

d a
d a  3 0  ada d
a
.P.Pa .P.Pa −
 w.P.Pa
4 10a .P.Pa aa
.P.P
www w ww w w ww w wwww www w
ww (1) (i) and (ii)
ww only
ww (2) (ii) and (iii)
ww only
ww
.O rgrg rgrg rgrg rgrg
(a3la)li(iii)
a i .O and (iv) only alalia.O i .O (a ila.O
4)laall i .O
of these l
asala ia. O
i . O
asla
a sa s a a sa s a a sa s a a sa a sa
d
a ad d
a ad d
a ad d
a ad d
a ad
w .P.P
w w .P.P
w w .P.P
w ww.P.P w w.P.P
w
www w
www wwww wwww w
www
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
4.GEOMETRY
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa l
d ad saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasla
.P.Paa .P.Paa aa
.P.P .P.Paa aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w AB BC w ww
w wwww w ww
w
ww 1. If in triangles w w and EDF,
ABC = wwthen they will be similar, ww when ww
DE FD
rg g rgrg rgrg rgrg
(1)sas∠laaBlia.= i.∠OEr
O ∠laalia=
.Oi∠.O l a∠ i
a .BO
i . O
= ∠ ∠ l a= ia.∠O
i . O
d a
d a d
(2)sa
ad a s A D
d a
d
(3)
saasa l D (4)
d adsaasa
A l F
d a
d saasla
a aIn ∆ LMN, ∠L= 60°,.∠
.P.2.P a a= 50° . If ∆ LMN ~.∆P.PQR aa a ais aa
w ww
w w wwP.M
w
P
w ww P t hen the valuewofw
w
∠
ww.PR.P
w ww
w
.P.P
ww ww ww ww ww
(1) 40° (2) 70° (3) 30° (4) 110°
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
i i i i
3. Ifsa
d a
d a
∆la a
s ABCla is an isosceles triangle
d ad saaslala with ∠C = 90° dand
a
a
d
a
lala= 5 cm, then AB is saslala
saasAC d ad a
a
d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa(1) 2.5 cm a
.P.Pa(2) 5 cm a
.P.Pa (3) 10 cm a a 5 2 cm
.P.P(4) a
.P.Pa
wwww ww ww ww ww wwww wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
4. In a given figure ST ∥QR, PS = 2 cm and SQ = 3 cm.
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
Then l a
asathe i
l ratio of the area ofsas∆aPQR
a l a l a i to the area of ∆sPST l a
asal isa i l
asala a i asla
d a sa d a a d a a d a sa d a sa
.P.Pa ad .P.Pa ad a ad
P.P
.(2) .P.Pa ad a ad
.P.P
w w w (1) 25 : 4 w w w w w w 25 : 7 w ww w w w
www www www www www
(3) 25 : 11
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O (4) 25 : 13 OO
i . i. rgrg i .O . rgrg
O
l a a i l a a i l a a l a a i
d a
l
saasperimeters
a
d a
l
saasatriangles ABC and d a saasPQR
a l
d a asa
sacm l
d a saasla
aa
5. d
The of two aa d
similar ∆ aa d ∆ are 36 cm and aa24 d respectively. aa d
ww.P.P ww .P.P ww.P.P ww.P.P ww .P.P
w
ww w If PQ = 10 cm, w
ww w
then the length of AB isww w w ww ww w
ww w
rg g rgrg rgrg rgrg
2 O
(1)sas6laalia.cm i.Or 10 6OO
(2)saslaalia. i.cm l a i
a .Oi 2O
. l a ia.Oi . O
d a
d a 3 d ad a 3 d a
d
(3)
saasa 3 l
66 cm (4)
d ad
15
saasa cm l
d a
d saasla
.P.Paa .P.Paa aa
.P.P .P.Paa aa
.P.P
w ww
w ∆ w ww
w w w=w
w wwww w wisw
w
ww 6. If in ABC , ww
DE∥BC , AB = 3.6 cm, ww
.AC 2.4cm and .AD = ww
2.1 cm then the length of ww
AE
(1) 1.4 cm
i . O . rgrg
O (2) 1.8 cm
i . O . rgrg
O (3) 1.2Ocm
i . . rgrg
O (4) 1.05 cm
i . O . rgrg
O
a i a i a i a i
a
7. dIn
d saaas,la∆laABC , AD is thedbisector ad saaslala of ∠BAC . If AB=8cm, d a
d saaslalaBD=6 cm and DC=3 d ad
lalaThe length of
saascm. d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
wwww the side AC isww ww ww ww ww wwww wwww
ww ww ww ww
(1) 6 cm rgrg (2) 4 cm rgrg (3) 3 cmrgrg (4) 8 cm rgrg
l a ia. O
i . O l a ia. O
i . O l a i
a . O
i . O laalia.O i.O
8. Ina sa as
the a ladjacent figure ∠BAC
a sa as=a l ° and AD ⊥ BC then
90 a sa as a l
a sa as a s aasla
d
a ad d
a d d
a ad 2 d
a ad d
a ad
w .P.P 2 w.P.Pa w .P.P w .P.P w .P.P
w
www w (1) BD.CD=BC w
www w (2)
wwww w
AB.AC=BC wwww w w
www w
2 2
(3) BD.CD=AD rgrg rgrg(4) AB.AC=AD i.O.O rgrg rgrg
l a ia. O
i . O l a ia. O
i . O l a a i l a ia.Oi . O
d a
d saasa l
d ad saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
d adsaasla
.P.Paa .P.Paa aa
.P.P .P.P aa aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w wwww wwww
ww ww wwPage 6
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
aa l al a i aal a l a i aal al a i aal a la i ala
d
aa ad a aa d ad a aad a
d a aad a
d a aad a
d
w
ww w w
ww w www w www w wwww
9. Two poles of heights 6 m and 11 m stand vertically on a plane ground. If the distance between
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d
their
adsaasa l
feet is 12 m, what is
d a
the
dsaasa l
distance between their
d a
d
tops?
saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
.P.Pa a(1) 13 m .P.Pa a(2) 14 m .P.Pa a (3) 15 m .P.Pa(4)
a 12.8 m aa
.P.P
w ww
w w www w ww
w w ww
w wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
10. In the given figure, PR = 26 cm, QR = 24 cm, ∠PAQ = 90° ,
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a i a
aslala∠PQR i a i a i
d a
d saaslalacm and QA = 8 cm.
PA=6
d adsaFind d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa(1) 80° a
.P.Pa a a a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
ww ww w.P.P
(2)w85° ww ww
ww
ww ww
ww wwww wwww wwww
(3) 75° (4) 90°
. O r
O gr g . O r
O gr g . O rgrg
O . O rgrg
O
asal
11. Astangentl a ia i . is perpendicular to l
asala
theia i .
radius at the l
asala ia i . l
asala ia i . asla
d a
d a d adsa d a sa d a sa d a sa
.P.Pa a(1) centre .P.Pa a(2) point of contactww .P.Pa ad (3) infinity .P.P adchord
a(4) a ad
.P.P
w w w w w w w w w w w ww
www www www www www
12. How many tangents can be drawn to the circle from an exterior point?
ia.O .Orgrg i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
(1) aone l a i (2) two l a a i (3)l a i
infinite
a (4) zerol a a i
d a
d sasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
Paa
.P.13. .P.Paa aa
.P.aP aa
.P.are
P aa
.P.P
w ww
w The two tangents w ww w
from an external pointswPw wto
w circle with centrewatw wO w PA and wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
PB. If ∠APB = 70° then the value of ∠AOB is
rg g rgrg rgrg rgrg
laalia.O i.Or l a ia.O i . O l a ia.Oi . O l a ia.Oi . O
d
(1)sas
a
d a
100°
d
(2)s110°
ad a asa l
d a
d
(3)
saasa l
120° (4)
d a
d
130°
saasa l
d a
d saasla
a aIn figure CP and CQ.P.are
.P.14.
P aa P.Pa acentre at O. .P.Paa aa
.P.P
w ww
w w www P tangents to a circle w ww
w
.with
w ww
w wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
ARB is another tangent touching the circle at R. If CP = 11 cm
rg g rgrg rgrg rgrg
andala a
BCila.O i=.O7rcm, then the length a i .
ofOi . OBR is a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O
d a
d sas d adsaaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa(1) 6 cm (2) a
.P5.Pcma (3) 8wcm a
.P.Pa (4) 4 cm a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
wwww wwww w w w w ww
w wwww
ww 15. In figure if PR is
ww tangent to the circle at w w P and O is the
w w ww
i . O . rgrgcircle, then ∠POQi.O
O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
centre
asall a of
a i the l
asala a i
is l
asala a i l
asala a i asla
d a sa
d 120° d a sa d a sa d a sa d a sa
.P.Pa a(1) .P.Pa ad (2) 100°.P.Pa ad .P.Pa ad .P.Pa ad
www (3) 110°
www w w
(4)w90°
www www
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
.P.Paa .P.Paa .P.Paa .P.Paa .P.Paa
w ww
w wwww w ww
w w ww
w wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
i .Oi . O
5. COORDINATE GEOMETRY
rgrg i .O i . rgrg
O i .Oi . rgrg
O i .Oi . rgrg
O
saasa l al a saasal al a l
saasa a l a l
saasa al a saasla
d a
d
a a1. The area of triangle d ad
a formed
a d a
d
a a , (0,–5) and (5,0) .isP.P aad a
d aad a
d
ww.P.P ww.P.P by the points ww.P.P
(–5,0) ww .P.P
ww
w
ww w wwww w w w w ww
(1) 0 sq.units (2) 25 sq.unitsww (3) 5 sq.units ww(4) none of these ww
. O O grg
rwalks . O rgrgthe distance between
O . O O grg
rhim . O rgrg
O
2. Alaman i i . near a wall, a i
such i . that a i i . and the wall is a i
10 i .
units.
d a
d saasala d adsaaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa Consider the wall a
.P.Pa
to be the Y axis. The path a
.P.Patravelled by the man is a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
wwww wwww w ww
w w ww
w www
w
ww (1) x = 10 w w (2) y = 10 w w (3) x = 0 w w(4) y = 0 ww
3. Thei.straight O . rgrg line given by thei.O
O rgrg x = 11 is
O
equation
. i . O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
asall a a i l
asala a i l
asala a i l
asala a i asla
d a sa d a sa d a sa d a sa d a s a
.P.Pa ad (1) parallel to X .axis P.Pa ad .P.Pa ad (2) parallel to Y axis .P.Pa ad .P.Pa ad
www (3) passingwthrough ww the origin www (4) passing w ww the point (0,11) www
through
4. If (5,7), i .O . rg(3,p)
O rg and (6,6) are collinear, i .O . rgrg then the value ofi.O
O p.O risgrg i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saas(1)a3l
d a
(2)
dsa6asa l
(3) d
9 a
d saasa l
(4) 12 d a
d saasa l
d adsaasla
w ww
w wwww w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w
ww ww wwPage 7
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
aa l al a i aal al a i aal a l a i aal al a i ala
d
aa ad a aad a
d a aa d ad a aad a
d a aad a
d
ww.P.P ww .P.P ww.P.P ww .P.P ww.P.P
w
ww w www w ww w w www w www w
5. The point of intersection of 3x − y = 4 and x+y = 8 is
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d ad
(1)
saasa l (5,3) (2)
d a
d
(2,4)
saasa l (3) (3,5)
d adsaasa l (4) (4,4)
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P .P.P aa .P.Paa 1 .P.Paa .P.Paa
w ww
w 6. The slope ofw ww
w
the line joining (12, 3), w ww
w
(4, a) is . The value wofw‘a’
w w is w www
ww ww ww 8
ww ww
(1) i1. O . rgrg
O (2) 4 i . O . rgrg
O (3) –5 i . O . rgrg (4) 2
O i . O . rgrg
O
a i a i a i a i
d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa 7. The slope of the.P.Paa
line which is perpendicular a
.P.Pa to line joining the points a
.P.Pa (0,0) and (–8,8) is a
.P.Pa
wwww ww ww wwww w ww
w w www
ww ww ww 1 w w w w
(1) –1 (2) 1 (3) (4) –8
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O 3
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
l
asal a a i l a
asa1l a i l
asala a i l
asala a i asla
a a8.d If slope of the line
.P.P .P.P adis
aPQ then the slope .P.Paofadthe perpendicular bisector .P.Pa ad of PQ is .P.Pa ad
www www 3 www www www
rgrg rgrg 1 rgrg (4) 0 rgrg
(1) i.O i3.O (2) − 3i.O i . O (3) i .Oi . O i .Oi . O
saasal al a l
saasa al a 3saasal al a saasal al a saasla
d a
d
a a9. If A is a point on.Pthe aad a
d d ad
aisa8 and B is a point on.Pthe aad a
d aad a
d
ww.P.P ww.P Y axis whose ordinate ww.P.P ww.P X axis whose ww ww.P.P
w
ww w www w ww w w www w ww
abscissae is 5 then the equation of the line AB is
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d
(1)
saasa l 8x+5y = 40 (2)
d a
d
8x–5y
saasa l = 40 (3) x
d a
=
d
8
saasa l (4) y = 5
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P aa
.aP.line
P aa
.P.origin
P aa
.P.to
P .P aa
w ww
w 10. The equationwof ww
w passing through w w
w w
the and perpendicular w ww
w the line 7x–3y+4=0 w www is.P
ww ww ww ww ww
(1) 7x–3y+ 4=0 (2) 3x–7y+4=0 (3) 3x+7y = 0 (4) 7x–3y = 0
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a
lala i a i a i a i
d11.
a
d saasConsider four straightalines
d d saaslala d adsaaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa (i) l1 : 3y = 4x+5 a
.P.Pa(ii) l2 : 4y = 3x–1 ww a
.P.Pal3 : 4y +3x=7 (iv) .P a a a
.P.Pa
ww
ww
ww
wwww ww
ww ww (iii) wwww ww l4.P
: 4x+3y=2 wwww ww
Whichrof
. O Ogrgthe following statement . O rgrgis true ?
O . O rgrg
O . O rgrg
O
l a ia i . l a ia i . l a ia i . l a ia i . asla
a sa al l1 and l2 are perpendicular
as(1) a saasal a sa asall1 and l4 are parallelasaasal
(2) a sa
d
a ad d
a ad d
a ad d
a ad d
a ad
w .P.P
w w w.P.P w .P.P
w w w.P.P ww.P.P
w
www (3) l2 and lw w
wwperpendicular
4 are wwww (4) l2 and l3w w
ww
are parallel w
www
.O
12. Alastraight
i . rgrgline has equation i.8y
O O . r=gr4x+21
O g Which of lthe i .O . rgrg
O
following is true i .O . rgrg
O
a i l a a i a a i l a a i
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
a a (1)The slope is 0.5
.P.P .P.P aand
a the y intercept is 2.6 .P.Pa a (2)The slope is 5 .and a athe y intercept is 1.6.P.P aa
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w wwP.P
w w www
ww (3)The slope wwis 0.5 and the y intercept wwis 1.6 (4)The slope wwis 5 and the y intercept w isw2.6
13. When i .O . rgrg that a quadrilateral
proving
O i .O . rgrgis a trapezium, it isi.necessary
O O . rgrg to show
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d
a l
saas(1)Two sides are d a
d saasa
parallel.
l
d ad
asa
sa(2)Twol
parallel and d
two a
d
asa l
sanon-parallel sides. d a
d saasla
aa
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w www
ww (3)Opposite wwsides are parallel. ww (4)All sidesware w of equal length. ww
14. When i . O . rgrg that a quadrilateral
proving
O i . O . rgrgis a parallelogram iby
O . O . rgrg slopes you musti.find
using
O O . rgrg
O
a
lala i a i a i a i
d a
d saas(1)The slopes of two d a
d saaslala
sides d ad
aslala
sa(2)The slopes of two d a
d
pairsaaof la
slaopposite sides d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa .P.Paa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
wwww w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w www
ww (3)The lengths w w of all sides w w (4)Both the lengthsw w and slopes of two w w sides
15. (2,ai1) . O . rgthe
O
is rg point of intersection i . O . rgof
O rgtwo lines. i . O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
l
asal a i l
asala a i l
asala a i l
asala a i asla
a ad (1) x−y−3=0 ; 3x−y−7=0
.P.P .P.P a ad .P.Pa ad (2) x+y =3 ; 3x+y=7 .P.Pa ad .P.Pa ad
www (3) 3x+y=3 ww w
; x+y=7 www (4) x+3y−3=0 www ; x−y−7=0 www
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasla
aa
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w www
ww ww wwPage 8
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
aa l al a i aal al a i aal al a i aal al a i ala
s as laalia. i.O s a s laalia. i.O s aslaalia. i.O s as laalia. i.O saasla
aad a
d a aad ad a aad a
d a aa d a
d a aad a
d
w
ww w www w www w ww w w www w
l a i
a .Oi . rgrg
O l
6.TRIGNOMETRY
a ia.Oi. rgrg
O l a ia.O i . Orgrg
l a ia.O i . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa l
d ad saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
.P.Paa .P.Paa .P.Paa aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w
ww ww 1 ww ww ww
1. The value of sin 2 θ + is equal to
rgrg 1 + tan θ 2
rgrg rgrg rgrg
a
lala i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O a i . Oi . O a i . Oi . O
d a
(1)
d saastan 2
θ d a
(2)
d sa1aslala d a
d sa(3) la 2 θ
aslacot a
(4)
d d sa0aslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
wwww 2. tan θ cos ec 2θ −wtan w w
wθ w w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w
ww w is equal to w w w w w w
(1) sec .𝜃𝜃OO rgrg (2) cot .θOO 2
rgrg (3) sin . O 𝜃𝜃O
rgrg (4) cot 𝜃𝜃.OO rgrg
l
asal a ia i . asall a ia i . l a
asa2 lia i . asall a ia i . asla
3.ad a sa α + α 2
+ d a s
αa + α 2
= + 2
αd+a sa α d a sa d a sa
.P.Pad
If (sin cos ec ) a ad
(cos s ec ) k tan a ad cot , then the value of
a ad k is equal to a ad
w w w .P.P
w w .P.P
w w .P.P
w w .P.P
w
w
www (1) 9 w
www (2) 7 w
www (3) 5 w
www (4) 3 w
www
4. If sin 𝜃𝜃i.O +.O grg 𝜃𝜃 = a and sec 𝜃𝜃 +.O
rcos rgrg 𝜃𝜃 = b , then the value
cosec
O .O Orgrofg b(a 2 − 1) is equali.toO.O rgrg
l a a i l a ia i . l a ia i . l a a i
d a
d saasa l
d ad saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
.P.Pa a(1) 2a .P.Pa a(2) 3a .P.Pa a (3) 0 a(4)
.P.P a 2ab aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w
ww ww 5 w1w ww ww
5. If 5x = sec 𝜃𝜃 and = tan θ , then x 2 − 2 is equal to
i .O . rgrg
O x
i .O . rgrg x
O
d a
d saasa l
d ad saas1a l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
.P.Pa a(1) 25 .P.Pa a(2) .P.Pa a (3) 5 a(4)
.P.P a 1 aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w 25 w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w
ww ww ww ww ww
6. If sin 𝜃𝜃 = cos rgrg𝜃𝜃 , then 2 tan θ +i.O sinrgθg− 1 is equal to
2 2
i . O . O . O r i . O . Orgrg i . O . rgrg
O
a i a i a i a i
d a
d
(1)saas−la3la d ad
(2) saas3lala d a
d
aslal2a
sa(3) d
(4)a
d sa−as2lala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa 2
a
.P.Pa 2 a
.P.Pa 3
a
.P.Pa 3 a
.P.Pa
wwww ww ww wwww wwww wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
7. If x = a tan 𝜃𝜃 and y = b sec 𝜃𝜃 then
2 i.O . rgrg
O 2 i.O . rgrg
2O i .2O . Orgr2g i . O
2i.O
rgrg
l a
asal− =
y a ix 2
l a
asa−l =
x a i
y l a a
asal + =
x i y x 2
l a
asa−l = ay asla
d a
(1)sa 1 d a
(2) sa 1 d a sa(3) 1 (4)
d a sa 0 d a sa
.P.Pa ad b a 2 2
.P.Pa ad a b 2 2
.P.Pa ad a 2
b 2 a ad a b
.P.P
2 2 a ad
.P.P
www 8. (1+ tan 𝜃𝜃 + secww w
𝜃𝜃) (1+ cot 𝜃𝜃 – cosec 𝜃𝜃)wis wwequal to www www
(1) 0laia.O . rgrg
O (2) 1 laia.O . rgrg
O (3)la2ia.O . Orgrg (4) –1 laia.O . rgrg
O
i i i i
d a
d saasa l
d ad saasa l
d a
d
l
saasa 2 2 d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
a aa cot 𝜃𝜃 + b cosec 𝜃𝜃 .=P.pP
.P.9.P a aand b cot 𝜃𝜃 + a cosec .P.Pa=aq then p –q is equal atoa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w
ww (1) a –b2 2 ww (2) b –a 2 2 ww (3) a +b ww
2 2
(4) b–a ww
10. If the i .O
ratio . rgof
O rg the height of a tower i .O . rg
O rg the length of its ishadow
and .O . Orgrg is 3 :1 , then thei.angle O . rgrgof
O
d a
d saasa l
d ad saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
.P.Pa aelevation of the sun.P a ameasure
has .P.Paa aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww.P
w w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w
ww (1) 45° ww (2) 30° ww (3) 90° ww (4) 60° ww
11. The electric i . O . rgrgpole subtends an angle
O i . O . rgof
O rg 30° at a point on ithe . O . O grg level as its foot..At
rsame i O . ragrsecond
O g
d a
d
point
a l
sasa‘b’ metres above the d ad
a l
sa the depression ofda
safirst, d
the
a a
sasfoot l
of the tower is d a
d
60°
a
sa.sThe a l
height of the d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
wwww w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w
ww tower (in metres) w w is equal to w w w w w w
rg g rg g rgrg rgrg
(1) alaa 3lia.bOi.Or b
(2) alaalia.O i.Or (3)
b
l
asala ia. Oi . O (4)
b i.O.O
l
as3al a a i asla
d a sa s d a sa s
3 d2a sa d a sa d a s a
.P.Pa ad .P.Pa ad .P.Pa ad a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P
www 12. A tower is 60 wmwheight. w Its shadow is xwmetres ww shorter when thewsun’s ww altitude is 45° than ww w
when
it has beenrg30° , then x is equal to rgrg rgrg rgrg
l a ia.Oi . Org l a ia.Oi . O l a ia.O i . O l a ia.O i . O
d(1)
a
d saas41.92
a ml
d(2)
ad
asa m
sa43.92 l (3) d43asa
d masa l (4)
d a
d a asa m
s45.6 l
d adsaasla
.P.Paa .P.Paa .P.Paa aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w
ww ww wwPage 9
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . O rgrg i .O . rgrg
O
aa l a l a i aa l a l a i aal al a i aa l al a i ala
s as laalia. i.O s aslaalia. i.O s as laalia. i.O s aslaalia. i.O saasla
aad a
d a aad ad a aa d a
d a aa d a
d a aad a
d
w
13. The angle of depression of the top and bottom of 20 m tall building from the top of a
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d
multistoried
a
d saasa l building are
d a
30°
d
and
saasa l 60° respectively.
d a
d
The
saasa l
height of the multistoried
d a
d saasa l building and
d a
d saasla
.P.Pa athe distance between.P.two aa .P.Paisa aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww P buildings (in metres)
w w ww
w w ww
w wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
(1) 20,10√3 (2) 30, 5√3 (3) 20, 10 (4) 30, 10√3
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a la i ala i a i
lala and the height ofsthe a i
a person is
14. Two
d a
d saaslapersons are standing s‘x’
d ad aaslametres apart from each
d a
d saasother d a
d aaslalfirst
d a
d saasla
a
.P.Padouble that of thewother. a
.PPa a
.P.Paof the line joiningwtheir a
.PPa a
.P.Pa
ww
ww
ww
wwwww. If from the middle ww wwwpoint
w wwwww. feet an observerwfinds wwwww
the angular elevations of their tops to be complementary, then the height of the shorter person (in
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
metres) l
asal a a i
is l
asala a i l
asal a a i l
asala a i asla
.P.Pa ad a ad x
.P.P P.P
.(3)a axd a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P
w w w (1) √2 x w w w (2) w w w w w w (4) 2x w ww
www www 2 2 www 2 www www
15. The angle .O Ogrgelevation of a cloud.Ofrom
rof rgrg a point h metres above
O .O rgrga lake is 𝛽𝛽 . The angle
O .O rgof
O rg
l a ia i . l a i
a i . l a ia i . l a ia i .
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
.P.Pa adepression of its reflection a a in the lake is 45° ..PThe
.P.P a a height of location of a a cloud from the lake.Pis.P
.P.the aa
w ww
w w ww
w w ww.P
w w ww
w
P
wwww
ww h (1 + tanβ w )w h (1 − tanβ )ww ww ww
(1) (2) (3) h tan(45°−𝛽𝛽) (4) none of these
1i−.O tan
. rgrβg
O 1 +i.O tan
. rgβrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
.P.Paa aa
.P.P .P.Paa aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
i i i i
a d a
d saaslalaa
a d ad
7. MENSURATION
a
saaslala
a d a
d
a
saaslala
a d a
d
a
saaslala
a d a
d saasla
ww.P.Pa ww.P.Pa ww.P.Pa ww.P.Pa ww.P.Pa
ww
ww wwww ww ww wwww wwww
1. The curved surface area of a right circular cone of height 15 cm and base diameter 16 cm is
i . O . rg2rg
O i . O . r2grg
O i . O . r2grg
O i . O . r2grg
O
(1)sas l a
al cm
60𝜋𝜋 a i l a
asal cm
(2)s68𝜋𝜋 a i (3) c) 120𝜋𝜋 l a
asal cm a i (4) s l a
asal cm
136𝜋𝜋 a i asla
d a a d a a d a sa d a a d a sa
a aIfd two solid hemispheres
.P.2.P a ad
.P.P of same base radius .Pr.P ad are joined together
aunits ad their bases,
aalong
.P.P a ad
.P.P
www www www www www
then curved surface area of this new solid is
ia.2O .Orgrg 2.O
i . rgrg
O i O
.units
. rgrg
O 2i.O . rgrg
O
l a i l a a i 2
l a a i 𝜋𝜋r
l a a i
d
(1) a4𝜋𝜋r
a
d sasa l sq. units
d
(2)
ad
6𝜋𝜋r
saasa l sq. units (3) 3𝜋𝜋r
d a
d
sq.
saasa l (4)
d a
d
8
saasa l sq. units
d a
d saasla
a aThe height of a right.Pcircular
.P.3.P a a cone whose radius .P.Pa is
a 5 cm and slant height aisa 13 cm will be
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww.P
w w ww
w w ww
w wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
(1) 12 cm (2) 10 cm (3) 13 cm (4) 5 cm
i .O . rgrof
O g
i .O . rgrg cylinder is halved
O i .O . O grg
rkeeping i .O . rgrg
O
4. If thelaradius a i the base of a right
l a a i circular l a a i the same height,
l a a i
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
.P.Pa athen the ratio of the.volume a a of the cylinder thus aobtained
a to the volume aofaoriginal cylinder is .P.P aa
w ww
w w wwP.P
w w ww
w
.P.P
w ww
w
.P.P
wwww
ww (1) 1:2 ww (2) 1:4 ww (3) 1:6 ww (4) 1:8 ww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O 1 ai.O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a i
lala surface area of a scylinder a i
aslala whose radius isasaaslof i
alaits height is a i
5. The
d a
d saastotal d ad a d d 3 d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa 2 a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
wwww w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w wwww
ww 9π h 2
w w w w 8π h w w 56π h 2
ww
(1) sq.units (2) 24𝜋𝜋h2 sq.units (3) sq.units (4) sq.units
8 rgrg rgrg 9 rgrg 9 rgrg
l a ia. Oi . O l a i
a . O
i . O l a ia. O
i . O l a ia. O
i . O
6. dIn
a sa al
aashollow cylinder, theda s
sum
aasaofl the external and internal a saasal radii is 14 cm andathe sa
l
asawidth is 4 cm. a s aasla
a ad a ad d
a ad d
a ad d
a ad
w .P.P
w w .P.the
w P ww.P.P w .P.P
w ww.P.P
w
www If its height is w
20
www cm, volume of thewwww
material in it is w
www w
www
3 3 3 3
(1) 5600𝜋𝜋 rcm grg (2) 11200𝜋𝜋rgcm rg (3) 56𝜋𝜋 cm rgrg (4) 3600𝜋𝜋cm rgrg
l a ia. Oi . O l a i
a . O
i . O l a ia. O
i . O l a ia.Oi . O
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
dad saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasla
.P.Paa aa
.P.P .P.Paa aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w wwww w ww
w wwww
ww ww wwPage 10
r gr g r gr g r gr g r gr g
s a laalia.O i.O
s a laalia.O i.O
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.Oi.O ala
da as da as da as da as dasas
s as laalia. i.O s as laalia. i.O s aslaalia. i.O s aslaalia. i.O saasla
aad a
d a aad a
d a aad a
d a aad a
d a aad a
d
w
ww w w
7. If the radius of the base of a cone is tripled and the height is doubled then the volume is
rgrg rgrg rgrg rgrg
laalia.O
(1)sasmade i.6Otimes (2)smadeasal a lia.Oi.
18O times (3) made l
saasa a
12 lia.Oi . O
times (4) l a
unchanged
saasa lia.Oi . O
saasla
d a
d a
a aThe total surface area d a
d a
aofaa hemi-sphere is how a d a
d
a times the square.P aad a
d aad a
d
ww.P.8.P ww .P.P ww.P.Pmuch wwof.Pits radius. ww.P.P
w
ww w w
(1) 𝜋𝜋 (2) 4𝜋𝜋 (3) 3𝜋𝜋 (4) 2𝜋𝜋
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a
aslala i a
aslala i a
aslala i a i
aslala radius.
9. A solid
d a
d sa
sphere of radius
d
x
a
d scm
a
is melted and cast
d
into
a
d sa
a shape of a solid cone
d a
d sa
of same
d a
d saasla
a
.P.PaThe height of the w a
.P.Pisa
cone a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
wwww w w w w ww
w w ww
w wwww
ww (1) 3x cm
ww (2) x cm
ww (3)4x cm w w (4)2x cm
ww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
10. Asfrustuml a a i
asal of a right circular l a a i
al is of height 16cm
ascone l a a i
asal radii of its ends asas8cm
with l a a i
asaland 20cm. asla
d a
d a d a
d sa d a sa d a d a sa
.P.Pa aThen, the volume ofw
a afrustum
.Pthe
.P is .P.Pa ad .P.Pa ad .P.Pa ad
w w w w w w w w w w w w ww
www www www www www
(1) 3328𝜋𝜋cm3 (2) 3228𝜋𝜋 cm3 (3) 3240𝜋𝜋 cm3 (4) 3340𝜋𝜋 cm3
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
11. A
d a
d sashuttlel
asa cock used for playing
d a
d
l
saasa badminton has the d a
d
l
saasa of the combination
shape
d a
d saofasa l
d a
d saasla
.P.Paa P.Paa
.sphere aa
P.P
.(2) .P.Paa .P.Paa
w ww
w (1) a cylinder and w waw
w w ww
w a hemisphere andwaw wcone
w wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
(3) a spheregand a cone (4) frustum of a cone and a hemisphere
i .O . r rg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
asal al a i l a l a i l a l a i l a a i
a radius r2 units. asaasla
l
12.dAa saspherical ball of radius d a rsa1asunits
a is melted to make
d a saa
8sa new identical ballsdeach a saasof
.P.Paa d . aa
P.P d . aa
P.P d . aa
P.P d . adad
P.P
www w Then r1: r2 isww www w www w www w wwww
ww ww ww ww
(1) 2:1 rgrg (2) 1:2 rgrg (3) 4:1 rgrg (4) 1:4 rgrg
a
lalai . O
i . O a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O
13. a
Thesaasvolume (in cm3) of a
the aslala sphere that canasabeaslacut
sagreatest la
off from a cylindrical a saaslalogla
of wood of ada saasla
a d d a d d a d d a d d d
ww.P.Pa ww .P.Pa ww.P.Pa ww.P.Pa ww.P.Pa
ww
ww base radius 1 w cm
ww w
and height 5 cm is www w w w
w w wwww
4
(1) la𝜋𝜋ia.O . rgrg
O
10
(2) la𝜋𝜋ia.O . rgrg
O (3) 5𝜋𝜋 laia.O . rgrg
O (4) la
20
𝜋𝜋ia.O . rgrg
O
as3al i as3al i asal i 3asal
i asla
.P.Pa ad .P.Pa ad .P.Pa ad .P.Pa ad .P.Pa ad
www 14. The height and www
radius of the cone of www
which the frustum is a part www 1
are h units and r 1 units www
respectively.
i .O . rgrgHeight of the frustum
O i .O . risgrgh2 units and radiusi.ofO.O
O rgrgsmaller base is r2 iunits.
the
.O . rgrg
O
d d
l
ha2sa:asha1 = 1:2 then r2 : r1daissaasa
d
l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
.P.Paa .P.Paa P.P
.(3)aa .P.Paa .P.Paa
w ww
w (1) 1:3 w ww
w (2) 1:2 w ww
w 2:1 w ww
w (4) 3:1 w www
ww ww ww ww ww
15. The ratioOof
i . i.O rgrthe
g volumes of a cylinder,
i .O . rgrga cone and a sphere,
O i .O . rifgreach
O g has the same diameter
i .O . rgrg and
O
l a a l a a i l a a i l a a i
d a
same
d
l
saasaheight is d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
w ww
w (1)1:2:3 w ww
w (2) 2:1:3 w ww
w (3) 1:3:2 w ww
w (4) 3:1:2 w www
ww ww ww ww ww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a i a i a i a i
d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
wwww wwww wwww wwww ww ww
ww ww ww ww ww
8.STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
l
asal a a i l
asal a a i l
asala a i l
asala a i asla
d a
d sa d a sa d a sa d a sa d a s a
a aWhich
.P.1.P of the following .P.Pa aisdnot a measure of dispersion? .P.Pa ad .P.Pa ad .P.Pa ad
www (1) Range www www (2) Standardwdeviation ww www
(3) Arithmetic
i .O . rgrg mean
O i .O . rgrg
O
(4) Variance
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasla
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w www
ww ww wwPage 11
r gr g r g r g r gr g r gr g
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.O i.O
s a laalia.O i.O
s a laalia.Oi.O ala
s as laalia. i.O s as laalia. i.O s aslaalia. i.O s as laalia. i.O saasla
aad a
d a aad ad a aad a
d a aad a
d a aad a
d
w
ww w www w www w www w www w
2. The range of the data 8, 8, 8, 8, 8. …... 8 is
rg g rg g rgrg rgrg
(1) a0laalia.O i.Or (2) 1alaalia.O i.Or (3)l a8ia.Oi . O (4) 3 l a ia.Oi . O
d a
d sas d adsas d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
a aThe sum of all deviations
.P.3.P a a of the data from its.Pmean
.P.P a a is .P.Paa aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w ww.P
w w ww
w w www
ww (1) Always positive ww (2) always negative ww (3) zero ww (4) non-zero integer ww
4. The mean rof
. O Ogrg100 observations is.O 40rgand
O rg their standard deviation . O rgrg is 3. The sum of isquares
O . O rgrg
O
a i
la i . a i i . a i i . a i .
d
of
a
d
asladeviations
saall is
d adsaaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa(1) 40000 a
.P.Pa(2) 160900 a
.P.Pa (3) 160000 ww a a 30000
.P.P(4) a
.P.Pa
wwww w ww
w w ww
w w w w www
ww w
5. Variance of firstw20 natural numbers is w w w w w w
(1) 32.25 i . O . rgrg
O (2) 44.25 i . O . rgrg
O (3) 33.25
i . O . rgrg
O (4) 30 i.O . rgrg
O
l a
al a
asstandard i l a a i l
al is 3. If each valueaissaasmultiplied
adata a
al a i l a a i
al variance is
asnew asla
a
6.adThe
d sa deviation of
d a s
aa s d by 5 then d a
thesa d a sa
.P.Pa(1) a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P .P.Pa ad a ad
.P.P
w w w 3 w w w (2) 15 w w w (3) 5 w w w (4) 225 w ww
www www www www www
7. If the standard deviation of x, y, z is p then the standard deviation of 3x+5 , 3y+5 , 3z+5 is
.O
i+5 .Orgrg i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
(1) a3p l a a i (2) 3p l a a i (3)l ap+5
a i (4) 9p l a
+15.a i
d a
d sasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
a aIf the mean and coefficient
.P.8.P a a of variation of a.P
.P.P a aare 4 and 87.5% then
data .P.Pathe
a standard deviation.Pis aa
w ww
w w ww
w w ww.P
w w ww
w w www.P
ww (1) 3.5 ww (2) 3 ww (3) 4.5 ww (4) 2.5 ww
9. Which of the
i . O . rgrgfollowing is incorrect?
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d(1)
a
d
a l
saasP(A)>1 d(2)
adsa0≤ l
asa P(A) ≤ 1
d a
d
l
asaP(∅) = 0
sa(3) (4)asaPas( A
d d
l
a) + P( A) = 1
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.10.
P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P .P.Paa aa
.P.P
w ww
w The probabilitywaw wred
w marble selected atwrandom ww
w from a jar containing w ww
w p red, q blue and rwgreen www
ww ww ww ww ww
marbles is
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgqrg
+
O +i . O . rgrg
O
a q i a p i a i
p p a r i
d
(1)
a
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ww SHRI KRISHNA ACADEMY www w wwww www w www w
, NAMAKKAL – 99655 31727 Page 12
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Page 13
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.Oi.O ala
s aslaalia. i.O s aslaalia. i.O s aslaalia. i.O s aslaalia. i.O saasla
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BOOK BACK
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{chapter 1 – 8}
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Page 14
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.Oi.O
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d a sa d d a sa(8,10)} d a sa d a s a
a ad
.P.P .P.P a ad .P.P a ad .P.Pa ad a ad
.P.P
www www www www www
Example 1.5
i O
.arrow
. rgrg diagram shows ai.relationship
O O . rgrg
O i O
.sets
. rgrPg and Q.
O i .O . rgrg
O
The
l a a i l a a i between the l a a i l a a i
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasla
a a Write the relation
.P.P .P.ina a(i) Set builder form (ii)
P .P.P aRoster
a form .P.Paa aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w www
ww ww wwPage 15
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.Oi.O ala
s as laalia. i.O s aslaalia. i.O s aslaalia. i.O s as laalia. i.O saasla
d
aa ad a d
aa ad a aad ad a aad a
d a aad a
d
w
(iii) What is the domain and range of R.
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d adsaasa l
Exercise 1.2
d adsaasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
a a 1. Let A ={1,2,3,7}
.P.P .P.Pa a and B ={3,0,–1,7},which .P.P a a of the following are .P.P arelation
a from A to B? aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w wwww
ww (i) R1w=w{(2,1), (7,1)} (ii) R2=w{(–1,1)} w (iii) R3 = {(2,–1), ww (7,7), (1,3)} ww
i . O rgrgR4= {(7,–1), (0,3), i(3,3),
O
(iv)
. . O . rgrg(0,7)}
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a
lala i a a i a
aslala i a
lala i
d adsaas2. Let d a
A={1,2,3,4,...,45}dsaaslaland R be the d
relation adsadefined as “is square d a
d
of sa”ason A. Write R as d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
wwww wofww
w ww
wdomain
w wwww wwww
ww a subset ww A×A . Also, find the ww and range of R. ww ww
3. O
i . Arg
. O rg
Relation R is given byOthe
i . . rgrgset {( x, y ) / y =x +i.O
O 3, rxg∈
. O rg{0,1, 2,3, 4,5}} . Determine i . O . rgrg its
O
l a a i
asal domain and range. l
asala a i l
asala a i l
asal a a i asla
a ad
.P.P .P.Pa ad .P.by
Pa ad .P.P a ad a ad
.P.P
www 4. Representwww each of the given www
relations (a) an arrow www
diagram, (b) a graph and www
(c)rgragset in roster form,i.wherever rgrg possible. (i) {(x,y)| rgrxg= 2y, x∈{2,3,4,5},i.O y r∈{1,2,3,4}
l a ia. O
i . O l a a O
i . O l a ia. O
i . O l a a i . Ogrg
d ad
l
saasa (ii) {(x,y)| y = x+3, d adsaax, l
say are natural numbers d ad
l
sa<asa10} d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
a a 5. A company.Phas
.P.P aa .P.P aa .P.P a a(A), Clerks (C), .P.P aa
w ww
w w ww.P four categories w
w ofwemployees
w w given by Assistantsw ww
w wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
Managers (M) and an Executive Officer (E). The company provide 10,000, 25,000,
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
l a a i 50,000 and 1,00,000
l a a i as salaries to the people
l a a i who work in the a
categories
l a i A, C, M
d adsaasa l
d adsa asa l
d adsa asa l
d a
d sa asa l
d a
d saasla
aa and E respectively. a a If A1, A2, A3, A4 .and aa a, aC2, C3, C4 were Clerks; aa
w ww
w
.P.P
w ww
w
.P.P
w wwP.P A5 were Assistants;
w w ww
w
.PC.1P
wwww.P.P
ww M1 , M w2w, M3 were managers and wwE1, E2 were Executive officers ww and if the relationwR w is
i . O . rgrg by xRy, where i.xO.isO
defined
O rgthe
rg salary given to person i . O . rgrgy, express the relation
O i . O . rR
O grgthrough
a i a i a i a i
d adsaaslala an ordered pairdand ad
lala
saasan arrow diagram. d adsaaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
Example rgrg1.6 rgrg rgrg rgrg
l a ia. O
i . O l a ia. O
i . O l a ia. O
i . O l a ia. O
i . O
a saasal
Let X={1,2,3,4} and
a sa asal
Y={2,4,6,8,10} and R =
a sa asal
{(1,2),(2,4),(3,6),(4,8)}. Show
a sa asal R is a
that
a saasla
d
a ad function and find.P.its d d
a adomain, aad d d
a ad d
a ad
w .P.P
w w w P co-domain .and
w w P.P range?
w .P.P
w w .P.P
w
w
www w
www w
www w
www w
www
Example
i .O . rgrg1.7
O i .O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
l al a i l al a i l al a i l a a i
a elements of f asaasla
l
d a saasAarelation ‘f’ is defined d a asa f ( x)= x 2 − 2, where
saby d a saasxa∈ {−2, −1, 0,3} (i)dList a saasthe
aa
.P.P d . aa
P.P d .P.P aa d . P.Paa d . adad
P.P
www w (ii) Is f a function?ww w w www w www w www w
ww ww ww ww ww
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d ad
Example
saasa l 1.8
d adsaasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
a aIf X = {–5,1,3,4} and
.P.P .P.Ya a= {a,b,c}, then which.P.of
P a athe following relations .P.P aare
a functions from .P.P aa
w ww
w w ww
w w ww P
w w ww
w wwww
ww X to Y ? (i) R w1w= {(–5,a), (1,a), (3,b)}ww (ii) R2 = {(–5,b), (1,b), ww (3,a),(4,c)} ww
(iii) R
. O Ogrg{(–5,a), (1,a), (3,b),(4,c),(1,b)}
3r=
. O rgrg
O . O rgrg
O . O rgrg
O
a i i . a i i . a i i . a i i .
d adsaaslala d adsaaslala d adsaaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa Example 1.9 ww .PPaa .P.Paa .P.Paa a
.P.Pa
ww
ww
ww
wwww . 2 wwwwww
wwwwww
wwwwww
Given f ( x= ) 2 x − x , find (i) f (1) (ii) f (x+1) (iii) f (x) + f (1)
. O r
O gr g . O r
O gr g . O rgrg
O .O rgrg
O
l
asal a ia i . l
asala ia i . l
asala ia i . l
asal a ia i . asla
a ad Exercise 1.3 .P.P
.P.P a ad .P.P a ad .P.P a ad a ad
.P.P
www www www www www
1. Let f= {( x, y ) | x, y ∈ N and y= 2 x} be a relation on N. Find the domain, co-domain and
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d adsaasa l
range. Is this relation
d ad
a
saasa l
function?
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasla
aa
.P.P .P.Paa .P.P aa .P.P aa aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w wwww
ww ww wwPage 16
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.Oi.O ala
d
d a aad a
d a aad a
d
w
ww w ww w w www w www w www w
2. Let rX g = {3, 4, 6, 8}. Determine
g r g gwhether the relation = Rg g{( x, f ( x)) | x ∈ X , f (=
r xr)g gx 2 +1} is
i .Oi . O r i .Oi. O r i .O i . O r i .Oi . Or
l al a
saasaa function from Xdadtosaa l a l a l
saasa al a saasal a l a saasla
d ad sa
N?
d a
d d a
d d a
d
aa
.P.P .P.P aa P.Paa
.evaluate .P.Paa aa
.P.P
w ww
w 3. Given thewfunction ww
w f : x → x2 − 5x w +w 6w,w (i) f (−1) (ii) w ww w
f (2a) (iii) f (2) (iv) f (x w −1).
w
w w
ww ww ww ww ww
4. A graph representing the function f (x) is given in Figure
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a i a i a i a i
d a
d saaslalait is clear that f (9)
d a
=
d saaslala
2.
d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa (i) Find the following .P.Paa values of the function a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
wwww w ww
w w www w www w ww
w
ww w w (b) f (7) (c) f (2) w(d) f (10)
(a) f (0) w ww ww
i .
(ii) O . rgrgwhat value of x isi.fO
O
For .
(x) rgr=g1?
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
l
asal a a i l
asal a a i l
asala a i l
asal a a i asla
a ad
.P.P
(iii) Describe the
.P.P a ad
following (i) Domain a ad
(ii)
.P.P
Range.
.P.Pa ad a ad
.P.P
www (iv) What wwiswthe image of 6 underww f ?w www www
5. aLeti . O . rfgr(x)
O g = 2x+5. If x ≠ 0.O.then
i rgrgfind f ( x + 2) − f (2)
O i . O . r.grg
O i . O . rgrg
O
l a i l a a i l a a i l a a i
d a
d saasa l
d ad saasa l
d a
d
xsasa
a
l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P .P.P aa .P.Paa f (0) + f (1) ww .P.Paa aa
.P.P
w ww
w 6. A function w wf w
w is defined by f ( =
x ) w
2 w
xw−w 3 (i) find w w. w ww
w
ww ww ww 2 ww ww
(ii)
.O O grg x such that f (x) =.O0.O
rfind rg(iii)
rg find x such that i.O rgrg= x.
fi.(x)
O .O rgrg
O
l a ia i . l a ia i . l a a l a ia i .
d a
d
l
saasa(iv) find x such that d ad saf a(x) l
sa = f (1−x) . d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P .P.P aa .P.Paa .P.Paa aa
.P.P
w ww
w w w
w w w ww w w ww w w w
w w
ww 7. An openwbox w is to be made from w awsquare piece of material, ww ww
24 cm
i . O . rgrgon a side, by cutting
O i . O . rgrg squares from thei.corners
equal
O O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a i
la turning up the sides a i
lashown in Figure sExpress a
aslala the i a i
d a
d saaslaand d ad saaslaas d a
d a d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pboxa a a a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
ww wthe ofwx..P.P ww ww
ww w wwww
ww volume Vwofw as a function w ww ww
ww ww ww
= − = ( )
2 2
8. A function rrg g f is defined by f ( x
rrg) g 3 2 x . Find x such that
rrg g f ( x ) f ( x ) . rgrg
O O O O O O O
s as laa ia. i .
l plane is flying at asspeed as laa ia. i .
l of 500 km per hour. s aslaalia. i .
s as laa l i.O by the
ia.
s asla
d
a ada a9. A d
a ada a d
a ad a a Express the distance d
a ad a da travelled d
a ada a
w .P.P
w w .P.P
w w w.P.P w .P.P
w w .P.P
w
w
www plane aswwww function of time t in w
hours.
www w
www w
www
10. The data in the adjacent table depicts the length of a woman’s
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i O
.this. rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa l
forehand and her
d
corresponding
ad saasa l height. Based
d a
d
on
saasa l data, a
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P student finds aa
.aP.relationship
P betweenwthe .P.Paheight
a (y) and the .P.Paa aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w w w w www w ww
w
ww forehand ww length (x) as y = a x+b,wwhere w a, b are constants.ww ww
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa l
d ad saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w www w www w ww
w
ww ww ww ww ww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a i a i a i a i
d a
d saaslala d ad saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa .P.Paa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
wwww ww ww ww ww ww ww ww ww
ww ww ww ww ww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
l
asal a(i)
a i Check if this relation l
asal ais a i
a function. l
asala a i l
asal a a i asla
a ad (ii) Find a and.Pb.
.P.P a ad
.P .P.Pa ad .P.Pa ad a ad
.P.P
www (iii) Find ww w
the height of a woman w ww forehand length isw40
whose ww cm. www
(iv)
.O O grg the length of forehand
rFind .O rgrgof a woman if her iheight
O .O rgrgis 53.3 inches. i.O.O
O rgrg
l a ia i . l a ia i . l a a i . l a a i
d a
d saasa l
d ad saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasla
aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w www w www w ww
w
ww ww wwPage 17
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.O i.O
s a laalia.O i.O
s a laalia.O i.O ala
d
d a aad a
d a aad a
d
w
ww w www w wwww www w www w
Example 1.10
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
l a
Using a i vertical line test, l a
determine
a i which of the a
following
l a i curves (Fig.(a), (b),
l a i
(c),(d))
a
d adsaasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
a a represent a function?
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w w www wwww w ww
w w ww
w
ww ww ww ww ww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a i a i a i a i
d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
asall a a i l
asala a i l
asala a i l
asala a i asla
a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P
www www www www www
i .O . rgr(a)
O g
i .O . rgrg(b)
O i .O . rgrg
(c)
O i .O . rgr(d)
O g
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w Example w
1.11www wwww w ww
w w ww
w
ww ww ww ww ww
Let A = {1,2,3,4} and B = {2,5,8,11,14} be two sets. Let f : A → B be a function given by
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
i Represent this i
function (i) by arrow diagram i (ii) in a table form i
d a
d
f
saasa l al
(x) a = 3x−1.
d ad
l
saasa al a
d a
d
l
saasa al a
d a
d saasa as a set of dadsaasla
l a(iii)
l a
a a ordered pairs (iv)
.P.P a
inaa graphical form .P.P
.P.P aa aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w w www wwww w ww
w w ww
w
ww ww ww ww ww
Example
i . O . rgrg1.12
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
ala i a i a i a i
d d saaslahorizontal
Using
a dsaaslala (b), (c)), determine
line testd(Fig.(a),
a d a
d
lala of the followingsfunctions
saaswhich d a
d aaslala are
d a
d saasla
a
.P.Paone – one. a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
asall a a i l
asala a i l
asala a i l
asala a i asla
a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P
www www www www www
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w w www wwww w ww
w w ww
w
ww ww ww ww ww
.O rgrg (a)
O .O rgrg
O
(b)
.O rgrg
O
(c) rgrg
ia.O
l a ia i . l a ia i . l a ia i . l a i.O
d a
d saa a l
sExample 1.13 d adsaas a l
d a
d saas a l
d a
d saas a l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww w www w w w
w w w w
w w
ww Let A = {1,2,3}w,wB = {4,5,6,7} and f =w{(1,4 w ),(2,5),(3,6)} be awfunction w from A to B. ww
Show that frg isrgone – one but not ontorgfunction. rg rgrg rgrg
a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O
d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa Example 1.14 ww a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
wwww w w wwww w ww
w w ww
w
ww If A = {−2,−1,0,1,2} w w w w
and f : A → B iswan onto function definedwby f ( x) = x 2 + x + 1 then w w find B.
r g g r g g r g g r g g
a laalia.Oi.Or a laalia.Oi.Or a laalia.Oi.Or a laalia.Oi.Or asla
d a sa s d a sa s d a sa s d a sa s d a s a
a ad
.P.P
Example 1.15 a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P
w w w w w w f : N → N be defined w w w w w w w w w
www Let f be a function www www by f (x) = 3x+2 , x∈N www www
(i) Findrgthe images of 1, 2, 3 rgrg rgrg rgrg
l a ia.Oi . Org l a ia.Oi . O l a ia.Oi . O l a ia.Oi . O
d a
d saas(ii) l
a Find the pre-images
d ad
l
asa29, 53 (iii) Identifyathe
saof d d
l
saasatype of function dadsaasa l
d adsaasla
aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w w www w www w ww
w w ww
w
ww ww wwPage 18
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.Oi.O ala
s as laalia. i.O s as laalia. i.O s a slaalia. i.O s aslaalia. i.O saasla
d
aa a
d a aad ad a aad ad a aad a
d a aad a
d
w
ww w www w wwww ww w w ww w w
Example 1.16
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
l a
Forensic
a i scientists can l a
determine a i the height (in cms) l a of
a i a person based on the
l a i
length
a of their
d a
d saasa l
d adsa asa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
a a thigh bone. They
.P.P .P.Pausually
a do so using the.Pfunction aa h (b) = 2. 47b.+54.10 a a , where b is the .P.P aa
w ww
w w ww
w wwww.P w wwP.P
w w ww
w
ww length of the wwthigh bone. ww ww ww
(i) Check
i . O . rgrgif the function h isi.one
O O . rgr–gone
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a i
lalaAlso find the heightsof a i
aslaalaperson if the length a i
la thigh bone is 50 cms. a i
d a
d saas(ii) d ad a d ad slahis
saaof d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa (iii) Find the length a
.P.Pofa the thigh bone if the .P.Pa a of a person is 147.
height a
.P.P96 a cms. a
.P.Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
Example
i . O . rgrg1.17
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
l a a i
al f be a function from
asLet l a a i
asRalto R defined by f (x) l a
a=sa3x−5l a i l
aof a a i
aal and b given asla
d a sa d a sa d a sa . Find the values
d a sa s d a sa
a ad
.P.P .P.Pa ad .P.Pa ad .P.P a ad a ad
.P.P
w w w that w w w w ww w w w w w w
www www www www www
(a, 4) and (1, b) belong to f.
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
a a Example 1.18 .P.P
.P.P aa .P.Paa .P.P aa aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w wwww w ww
w w ww
w
ww ww ww ww t + tww
2
The distance S (in kms) travelled by a particle in time ‘t’ hours is given by S (t ) = .
.O r gr g .O rg r g r gr g r g
2r g
l alia i.O l i.O
aliathe l ia.O
athree i.O l ia.O
aeight i.O
d a
d saas
Find a the distance travelled
d adsa asbya particle after d ads a
(i)
a s a l and half hours. d a
d s as
(ii)
a a l hours d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P .P.Paa .P.Paa .P.P aa aa
.P.P
w ww
w and fifteen w ww
w
minutes. wwww w ww
w w ww
w
ww ww ww ww ww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a
lala i a i a i a i
d a
d saasExample 1.19 d adsaaslala d adsaaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa 2 x + 7, a
.−P.2Pa a
.P.Pa
wwww wwww wwww xw
w w<w w ww
w
ww ww ww  2 w w w w
If the function f : R → R is defined by f ( x=)  x − 2, − 2 ≤ x < 3 then find
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O  i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg values
O
the
a saaslaalai a sa aslaalai a saasla3axla−i 2, x≥3
a saaslaalai a saasla
d
a ad d
a ad d
a ad d
a ad d
a ad
w .P.P
w w .P.P
w ww.P.P f (1) − 3 f w
(4) w.P.P ww.P.P
w
www of (i) f(4)ww(ii) w w f(-2) (iii) f (4) www
+w2 f(1) (iv) wwww wwww
f (−3)
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
a aExercise 1.4
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w wwww w ww
w wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
1. Determine whether the graph given below represent functions. Give reason for your
i .O . rgrg
O i O rgrg
O
.graph.
. i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa l answers concerning
d ad
each
saasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P (i) .P.Pa a (ii) .P.Pa a (iii) .P.P aa (iv) aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w wwww w ww
w wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a i a i a i a i
d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa .P.Paa a
.P.Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
l
asal a a i l
asal a a i l
asal a a i l
asala a i asla
a ad
.P.P .P.Pa ad .P.Pa ad .P.P a ad a ad
.P.P
w w w w w w w ww w w w w ww
www www www www www
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasla
aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w wwww w ww
w wwww
ww ww ww Page 19
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a la alia.O i.O
s as laalia. i.O s aslaalia. i.O s aslaalia. i.O s as laalia. i.O saasla
d
d a aa d ad a aad a
d
w
ww w ww w w ww w w ww w w www w
x
2. Let
i .O . rfgr:gA → Bbe a function
O i .O .
defined
Orgrg by f ( x)= −i1.Owhere . rgrg A={2,4,6,10,12},
O i .O . rgrg
O
l a a i l a a i 2l a a i l a a i
d adsaasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P B={0,1,2,4,5,9}. .P.P a aRepresent f by (i) set .P.P aofa ordered pairs; (ii) a.Ptable; a a (iii) an arrow .P.P aa
w ww
w w ww
w w www w ww.P
w w ww
w
ww diagram; ww(iv) a graph ww ww ww
3. iRepresent
. O . rgrg the function fi.={(1,2),(2,2),(3,2),(4,3),(5,4)}
O O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrgthrough (i) an arrow
O i . O . O grg
rdiagram
a i a i a i a i
d a
d saaslala (ii) a table formad(iii) ad
la
saasalagraph d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa .P.Pa .P.Paa .P.Pa a a
.P.Pa
wwww 4. Show that www w
the function f : N → w Nw ww
wdefined
w by f (x) = 2x−1 wone-one
wisw w but not onto. wwww
ww ww ww ww
5. Show
i . O . rgrgthat the function fi.:ON.O
O rg→r gN defined by f (.m
i O .
)r=grm
O g 2 + m + 3 is one-one
i . O . rgrg
function.
O
l a a i
as6.alLet A= {1,2,3,4} aand l a a i
l . Let f : A → B sbeasadefined
asaB=N l a l a i 3 sa al l a a i asla
d a sa d sa d a a by f ( x ) = xd a a s
then, (i) find the d a sa
a ad
.P.P .P.P a ad .P.P a ad .P.P a ad a ad
.P.P
www range of ww f w (ii) identify the type wwofwfunction www www
7. In each rgrg of the following icases rgrstate
g whether the function rgrg is bijective or not.i.O Justify
rgrg your
i . O
i . O . O
i . O i . O
i . O i . O
d a
d saaslaala answer. (i) f : R →
d ad
laala by f (x) = 2x+1sas(ii)
saRasdefined d a
d a
laala f : R → R defined sby
d ad a aslaafla( x)= 3 − 4 x 2
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P .P.P aa aa
.Pfunction
.P .P.P aa aa
.P.P
w
ww
ww
w 8. Let A =
ww {−1,1}
w ww
w and B = {0,2}. If
ww w www
the f : A → Bw
ww
ww
defined
w by f (x) = a x+bwww wan
is
w w
onto rgrfunction?
g Find a and b.rg g rgrg rgrg
l a ia. O
i . O l a ia.Oi . Or l a ia.Oi . O l a ia.Oi . O
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l  x +a2,
d d
l
saasa if x > 1 d adsaasa l
d a
d saasla
ww
aa
.P.P ww .P.P aa
= f (wxww
)w.P.P
aa
2, if − 1 ≤ xw≤w w1w.P;.P aa
ww
aa
.P.P
w
ww w 9. If the ww w
function
w f is defined by ww  ww find the values of
www w
 x − 1, if − 3< x < − 1
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a i a i a i a i
d a
d saaslala (i) f(3) (ii) f(0) sas(iii)
d ad a
lalaf (−1.5) (iv) f(2)+f(−2).
d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa .P.Paa .P.Paa .Px.+
a
P1,a if − 5 ≤ x < 2 .P.Pa a
ww
ww
ww
ww wwww
ww ww ww
ww ww
w6w
wwwwww
10. A function f : [−5,9] → R is gdefined as follows : f g ( x=
) 5 x − 1, if 2 ≤ x < 6
2
. O r
O gr g . O r
O r g . O r
O r g  3 x − 4, . O rgrg
O
l
asal a ia i . l
asala ia i . l
asala ia i .  l
ifa i
asal x ≤ 9
a
6 i≤. asla
a ad
.P.P .P.P a ad .P.P a ad .P2.P af a(−d2) − f (6) a ad
.P.P
www Find (i) w
wwf(−3)+f(2) (ii) f(7) −wf(1) ww (iii) 2f(4)+f(8) ww(iv) w www
f (4) + f (−2)
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
11.
l a The
a i distance S an objectl a a i
travels under the influence
l a a i of gravity in time t a
seconds
l a i is given
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P 1 .P aa aa
.P.acceleration .P.P aa aa
.P.P
w ww
w by S (t= ) ww wgtw2 .+Pat + b where, (g isww w w
the P due to w ww
gravity),
w a, b are constants. w ww
w
ww ww2 ww ww ww
iCheck
.O . rgrgif the function S(t)
O i .O . rgone-one.
is
O rg i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saas12. l
a The function ‘t’ which
d ad
l
saasamaps temperature dinadCelsius l
saasa (C) into temperature d ad
l
saasain Fahrenheit d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P .P.P aa .P.9Paa .P.P aa aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w www w ww
w w ww
w
ww ww by t(C) = F where
(F) is defined ww= F C + 32 . Find, (i) ww t(0) (ii) t(28) (iii) t(−10) ww
5
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a i a i a i a i
saaslala saaslala saaslala saaslala
(iv) the value of C when t(C )= 212
d a
d d ad d a
d d ad d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa (v) the temperature a
.P.Pa when the Celsiusww a
PPa is equal to the Farenheit
.value a
.P.Pa value. a
.P.Pa
ww
ww
ww
ww wwww
ww ww . ww ww ww
wwwwww
Example
i . O . rgrg1.20
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
l a a i
al fg and gf when
asFind l a a i
asa fl( x=) 2 x + 1 and g (ax=)saasxa2l − 2l a a i l
asal a a i asla
d a sa d a sa d d a sa d a s a
a ad
.P.P
www www www www www
Example
i .O . rgrg1.21
O i .O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
d a
d
a l
saasRepresent the function d ad
l
saafs(ax=) 2 x 2 − 5 x + 3 as d a
d
asa l
asacomposition of two functions.
d adsaasa l
d adsaasla
aa
.P.P .P.P aa .P.P aa .P.P aa aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w www w ww
w w ww
w
ww ww wwPage 20
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.O i.O
s a laalia.O i.O
s a laalia.Oi.O ala
d
aa ad a aad a
d a aad a
d a aad a
d a aad a
d
ww.P.P ww.P.P ww .P.P ww.P.P ww.P.P
w
ww w ww w w ww w w www w wwww
Example 1.22
i .O . rgrg
O i .+O. Orgrg i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
l a a i = − = l a a i ,
 then
l a a i find the value of l a a i
d adsaasa If l f ( x ) 3 x 2 , g
d
(
a
d
x saasa
) 2 l
x k and if fg=
d
gf
a
d saasa l
d a
d
k.
saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P .P.P aa .P.P aa aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w Example 1.23 w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
Find k if ff (k) = 5 where f (k= ) 2k − 1 .
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a i a i a i a i
d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa Example 1.24ww .PPa a .P.Paa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
ww
ww
ww
ww ww . ww ww ww
wwww ww
wwwwww
If f ( x= ) 2 x + 3 , g ( x) = 1 − 2 x and h( x) = 3 x . Prove that f (gh)= (fg)h
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
l
asal a a i l
asal a a i l
asala a i l
asal a a i asla
a ad Example 1.25 .P.P
.P.P a ad .P.P a ad a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P
www Find x ifwgff(x) ww = fgg(x), given fw( xw =) w 3 x + 1 and g ( x)= x +w3w. w www
Exercise .O O grg
r1.5 .O rgrg
O .O rgrg
O .O rgrg
O
l a ia i . l a ia i . l a ia i . l a ia i .
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
a a 1. Using the functions
.P.P .P.P a a f and g given below, .P.P afind
a fg and gf. Check awhether
.P.P a fg= gfw. w
aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w ww
ww ww ww ww ww
(i) if.O (.xOr)g=rgx − 6, g(x) = x2 i . O . rgrg(ii) f (=
O x)
2
, g(= x) i.O 2.xOr2gr−g1 (iii) f ( x)= x +i.6O., O grxg)= 3 − x
rg(
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d
x
a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
3
d a
d saasla
a a (iv) f ( x) =
.P.P 3 +w .P
x,w g(.Pax)a= x−4 (v) w a=
.xP).P
f (w a4 x − 1, g(x) =
2
1 + x ww aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w w w w w w w wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
2. Find the value of k, such that fg= gf
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a i a i a i a i
d a
d saas(i)lalaf ( x) = 3 x + 2, g(x) =
d a
d
6saxas−lakla (ii) f ( x) =
d2a
d
−askla
x sa lax) =
, g( 4x + 5
d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa x + 1 .P.Paa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
wwww w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w wwww
ww 3. If f ( x) =− w2w x 1, g(x) = , show that w w fg= gf= x w w ww
2
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
l a
asa(i)
4. a i
l If f ( x) = x − 1, g(s
2
x)as= l a a i
axl − 2 find a, if gf(aa)saas=a1l . l a a i l
asal a a i asla
d a sa d a a d d a sa d a sa
a ad
.P.P .P.P a ad .P.P a ad a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P
w w w (ii) Find k,wifwwf (k= w w w ) 2k − 1 and ff w w w w w w w w ww
www ww= 5 .
(k) www www
5. Let i .O . rg
O Ar,gB, C ⊆ N and a function i .O . rgrg f : A → B be defined
O i .O . rgby
O rg f ( x=) 2 x + 1 andi.O g.O r:gBrg→ C be
d a saasa l
d2 a as
sa a l
d a saasa l
d a saasa l
d a saasla
.P.P d
a a defined by g(x) =.P2.P d
ax a . Find the range of .P fga aand g f.
d aa
.P.P d aa
.P.P d
w ww
w w ww
w w ww.P
w w ww
w wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
6. Let f ( x= ) x 2 − 1 . Find (i) ff (ii) fff
.O . rgrg
O .O . rgrg
O .OO rgrg .O rgrg
O
l a ia i l a ia i l a ia5 i. l a ia i .
d a
d
l
sa7.asaIf f : R → R and gd:adRsa→ l
d d
l
asaR are defined by fa( sxa)as=ax and g ( x) = x then 4
d a
d
l
saascheck
a if f, g are
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w one-one and w ww
w
fg i
 s one-one? w ww
w w ww
w wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
8. Consider
i . O . rgrg the functions f (x),
O i . O . rggr(x),
O g h (x) as given below.
i . O . rgrgShow that (fg)h=
O i . O . O grg
rf(gh) in
a
lala i a
lala i a
lala i a
lala i
d a
d sa as d a
d sa as d a
d sa as d a
d saas d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa each case. (i) fw( xw ) .=a
Pxa− 1, g(x) = 3 x + 1 and.P.hP a a a
ww ( x) = x
.P a 2
.P.Pa .P.Pa
wwww w w w w w ww
w wwww
ww (ii)= f ( x) x=
w2w
, g(x) 2 x and h( x)= x + 4 (iii) f ( x) =
w w x − 4, g(x) =
w w x 2 and h( x=) 3x − 5 w w
i . O . rfg=rg{(−1,3),(0, −1),(2,i.−9)}
O O . rgrgbe a linear functioni.O
O from
. rgrg Z into Z. Find fi.(x).
O O . rgrg
O
9. laLet
asal a i l
asal a a i l
asala a i l
asal a a i asla
a ad 10. In electrical circuit
.P.P .P.P a adtheory, a circuit C(t) .P.isP d a linear circuit.PifP
a acalled d
.aitasatisfies the www a ad
.P.P
w w w w w w w w w w w w
www superposition wwwprinciple given by w Cw(atw www
1 + bt 2 )= aC (t1 ) + bC (t 2 ) , where a, b are constants.
www
Show i .O . rgrgthe circuit C(t) =i.3tO.O
O
that rgrlinear.
is g
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasla
aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w www
ww ww wwPage 21
r g r g r gr g r gr g r g r g
s a l alia.O
a i.O
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.Oi.O ala
s as laalia. i.O s as laalia. i.O s as laalia. i.O s aslaalia. i.O saasla
d
d a aad a
d a aad a
d
w
l a ia.Oi . rgrg
O 2.NUMBERS AND SEQUENCES
l a ia.Oi. Orgrg
l a ia.Oi . rgrg
O l a ia.Oi . rgrg
O
d adsaasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P .P.Paa aa
.P.P
w ww
w Example:2.1 w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
We have 34 cakes. Each box can hold 5 cakes only. How many boxes we need to pack and
i . O . rgrg cakes are unpacked?
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
howa i
many a i a i a i
d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
wwww wwww wwww ww ww wwww
ww Example:2.2 ww ww ww ww
Find the rgrquotient
g and remainderrgwhen r g a is divided by.bO.O in
rgrthe
g following cases .O.O rgrg
a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O a i i a i i
a sa
lal =−12 , b = 5 (ii)a
as(i)a a
a saasa=l 17 , b =−3 (iii)aa=−19
l a sa asal , b =−4
l a
a sa
l
asal a
a saasla
d
a ad d
a ad d
a ad d
a ad d
a ad
w .P.P
w w .P.P
w w .P.P
w w .P.P
w ww.P.P
w
www w
www w
www w
www w
www
Example:2.3
Show i .O . rgrgthe square of an odd
that
O i .O . O grg is of the form 4𝑞𝑞
rinteger i .O . r+grg1 , for some integeri.O
O q.. rgrg
O
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P .P.Paa aa
.P.P
w ww
w Example:2.4 w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
If the Highest Common Factor of 210 and 55 is expressible in the form 55x−325, find x.
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d
a l
saasExample:2.5 d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P aa
.Pnumber
.P aa
P.P
.445 .P.Paa aa
.P.P
w ww
w Find the greatest w ww
w that will divide w ww
w and 572 leaving w ww
remainders
w 4 and 5 wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
respectively.
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a i a i a i a i
d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa Example:2.6 a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
wwww wwwofw396, 504, 636. ww wwww ww ww wwww
ww Find the HCF ww ww ww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
l a
al a
asExercise i 2.1 l
asal a a i l
asal a a i l
asala a i asla
a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P .P.Pa ad a ad
.P.P
www 1. Find allwpositive ww integers, when w ww by 3 leaves remainder
divided www 2. www
2. A
i .O . rgrghas 532 flower pots.
man
O i .O . O grgwants to arrange them
rHe i .O . rgring rows such that each
O i .O . rgrg contains
row
O
d a
d
l
saasa 21 flower pots. Find d ad
l
asa number of completed
sathe d a
d saasrows l
a and how many flower
d a
d
l
saasa pots are left d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P .P.Paa aa
.P.P
w ww
w over. w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
3. Prove that the product of two consecutive positive integers is divisible by 2.
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d
4.
saasa l When the positive
d a
integers
dsaasa l a, b and c are divided
d a
d saasa lby 13, the respective
d a
d
l
remainders
saasa are 9,7
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P a a a+b+c is divisible .by
.Pthat aa aa aa
w ww
w
and 10. Show
w ww
w
.P w wwP.P13.
w w ww
w
.P.P
wwww.P.P
ww 5. Prove that ww square of any integerwleaves w the remainder either ww0 or 1 when divided by ww4.
6. aia .
UseO . rgEuclid’s
O rg Division Algorithm
i . O . rgrg to find the Highest
O i . O . O grg
rCommon Factor (HCF) i . O . rgrg
O
of
i a a i a
aslala i ala i
d a
d saaslal(i) 340 and 412 dadsaaslal(ii) 867 and 255 d a
d sa(iii)10224 and 9648 d a
d saasla(iv) 84, 90 and d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
wwww wwww wwww ww ww wwww
ww 120 ww ww ww ww
7. Find
i . O . rgrthe
O g largest number which
i . O . rgrgdivides 1230 and 1926
O i . O . rgleaving
O rg remainder 12O
i . inrgeach
. O rg case.
l a a i
asalIf d is the HighestaCommon l a a i
asal Factor of 32 and l a a i
al find x and y satisfying
as60, l
as= a a i
adl 32 x + 60 y . asla
d a sa8. d sa d a sa d a s a d a s a
a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P a ad
.Pgives
.P .P a ad
.P a ad
.P.P
www 9. A positivewww integer when divided www
by 88 the remainder www 61. What will be the www
remainder
rgrg when the samei.O number
rgrg is divided by 11? rgrg rgrg
l a ia. O
i . O l a a i . O l a ia.Oi . O l a ia.Oi . O
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
d adsaasla
aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P .P.Paa aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w wwww
ww ww wwPage 22
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.O i.O
s a laalia.Oi.O ala
d
aa ad a aa d a
d a aad a
d a aad a
d a aad a
d
ww .P.P ww .P.P ww .P.P ww.P.P ww .P.P
w
ww w www w ww w w www w www w
10. Prove that two consecutive positive integers are always coprime.
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P Example:2.7 .P.P aa .P.P aa aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w www w ww
w
ww In the given wwfactor tree, find the ww
numbers m and n. ww ww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a i a i a i a i
d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala 3. ALGEBRA d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
wwww w ww
w w ww
w w www w ww
w
ww Example 3.1 w w w w w w w w
The.father’s
i O . rgrg age is six timesi.his
O O . Ogrg age. Six years hence
rson’s i . O . rgrgthe age of father will
O i . O . rgrfour
be
O g
l a a i
al his son’s age. Find
astimes l a a i
al present ages (in years)
asthe l
asaofa a i
l the son and father.sasal l a a i asla
d a sa d a sa d a sa d a a d a sa
a ad
.P.P .P.P a ad .P.P a ad a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P
w w w w w w w w w w ww w w w
www www www www www
Example 3.2
i .O . rg2rxg− 3 y = 6, x + y = 1 i.O.O
O rgrg i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
Solve
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w www w ww
w
ww Example 3.3 ww ww ww ww
Solve the
i . O . rgrgfollowing system of
O i . O . rgrg equations in three
linear
O i . O . rgrg
variables
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saas3ax − 2 y + z= 2, 2 x + 3dyad−saazs=a 5, x + y + z= 6 dadsaasa
l l l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w www w ww
w
ww ww ww ww ww
Example 3.4
Inlaani . O . rgrg
O
interschool atheletic .
meet,
i O . rgwith
O rg 24 individual events, i . O . rgrgsecuring a total of i56
O . O . rgrg a
O
points,
i
alaplace secures 5 points, a i a i a i
d a
d saasfirst d a
d saaslalaasecond place secures d a
d
a
saasl3alpoints, and a d
third a
d
place
a
saaslalsecures 1 point. d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
wwww Having as w w
many ww
w third place finishers waswfirst
w w and second place w www
finishers, find how many w ww
w
ww w w w w w w w
athletesgfinished in each place.
i . O . r rg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
asall a a i l
asal a a i l
asal a a i l
asala a i asla
.P.P a ad .P.P a ad a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P
w w w w w w w w w w ww w w w
www Solve x +w y −wz =5; x − y + z =−2;w−w5wx − 4 y + z =−11
2w www www
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d
a l
saasExample 3.6 d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P aa
.3P.zP aa
.−P.xP aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w
ww
ww
w Solve 3 x +
www yw−w
w = 1; − 2 x − y + 2 z
ww=w ww
1;
w − y + z = 2 www www
www ww
w
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d
Example
saasa l 3.7
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P x y .P.P a az y z .P.P aa aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w Solve − 1w=www + 1 = + 2; + = 13ww ww w www w ww
w
ww 2 ww 6 7 3 2 ww ww ww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a
lala i a i a i a i
d a
d saasExample 3.8
d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa 1 a
.P.1Pa 1 1 1 1 w1w a
.P.P4a 2 a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
ww
ww
ww Solve : w+w w1www − = ;= ; ww w− w += 2 w w
w www
w w
w
ww
w
2 x 4 y 3z 4 x 3 y x 5 y z 15
Example
i . O . rgrg3.9
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
l
asThe a a i
al sum of thrice the afirst l al a
asanumber, i l a
asaand la i l a a i
asal is 5. If thrice asaasla
d a sa d sa d a sa d a sa
a ad
.wP.P .wP.P a ad second
.wP.P
number
a ad twice the third number
a ad
.wP.P adad
.wP.P
www the secondwnumber w
ww is subtracted from w
wthe
w sum of first number w w
w thrice the third wewget
and w
ww2. If
ww w ww ww w
the thirdgnumber is subtracted from
i . O . r rg
O i . O . rgrg the sum of twice ithe
O . O . rfirst,
O grg thrice the second,
i . O .
we
rgrgget 1.
O
i
laala the numbers. i i i
d a
d saasFind d a
d saaslaala d ad saaslaala d a
d saaslaala d adsaasla
aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w www w ww
w
ww ww wwPage 23
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.O i.O
s a laalia.Oi.O ala
d
d a aa d a
d a aad a
d
w
ww w www w ww w w ww ww wwww
Exercise rgrg 3.1 rgrg rgrg rgrg
l a ia.Oi . O l a ia.Oi . O l a ia.Oi . O l a ia.Oi . O
d adsaasa1. l Solve the following
d ad
system
saasa l of linear equations
d a
d saasain l three variables :
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P (i) x + y + z=ww .P
5;.Pa2ax − y + z= 9; x − 2 y + .3Pz=.P aa .P.Paa aa
.P.P
w ww
w w w w ww 16
w wwww wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
1 2 1 1 2 3
(ii) rgrg − += 4 0; − += 1 r0;grg += 14 rgrg rgrg
a i . O
i . O x y y z ai.O i . O z x a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O
d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa (iii) x + 20 = w
3 y a
.P.P+a10 = 2 z + 5 = 110 − (w y+
a
) a
.Pz.P a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
wwww ww w ww w wwww wwww
ww ww 2 ww ww ww
2. Discuss
i . O . rgrg the nature of solutions
O i . O . rgrgof the following system
O i . O . rgrgof equations
O i . O . rgrg
O
l a a i l a a i
asal(i) x + 2 y − z =6; −a3saxas−a2ly + 5 z =−12; x − 2 z a= l a a i l a a i asla
a sa s3asal
a a sa asal a sa
d
a ad d
a ad d
a ad d
a ad d
a ad
w .P.P
w w w.P.P w .P.P
w w w.P.P ww.P.P
w
www (ii) 2 y w +ww
z= w3(− x + 1); − x + 3 y − zw= w
w−w4; 3x + 2 y + z =− 1
wwww w
www
2
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
l a a i y + z z + x x + lya a i l a a i l a a i
d a
d
l
saasa (iii) = d d
l
= asaasa; x + y += z 27
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P 4 .P3.Paa 2 .P.Paa .P.Paa aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w wwww wwww
ww 3. Vani, her wwfather and her grand father ww have an average agewof w 53. One-half of her grand ww
i . rgrg age plus one-third
father’s
.O O i .O . rgrher
of
O g father’s age plus.O
i one
. rgrg
O fourth of Vani’s age.O
i isO
. rg65.
rg Four
d a
d
l
saasa years ago if Vani’s d adsaasa l
grandfather was four timesd a
d saasas l
a old as Vani then how
d a
d saasold l
a are they all
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P
w ww
w now ? w ww
w w ww
w wwww wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
4. The gsum of the digits of a three-digit number is 11. If the digits are reversed, the new
i . O . r rg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a i a i a i a i
d a
d saaslala number is 46 more than
d adsaaslalfivea times the formersanumber.
d a
d a slala If the hundreds d a
d slalaplus twice
saadigit d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa the tens digit .Pis a a to the units digit,
.Pequal .P.Pa a find the original three
then a
.P.Padigit number ? ww a
.P.Pa
wwww w ww
w w ww
w wwww ww
ww w
5. There arew12 pieces of five, ten and
w w twenty rupee currencies w w whose total value is w w 105.
rg g r g g g g
r r value will be increased rrg g
a l aalia.Oi.Or first 2 sorts areainterchanged
When l a
a lia.Oi.Or in their numbers
a laalia.Oi.O its
a laalia.Oi.Oby 20.
asla
d a sa s d a sa s d a sa s d a sa s d a sa
a ad
.P.P Find the number .P.P a aofdcurrencies in each.Psort. a ad
.P .P.Pa ad a ad
.P.P
www www www www www
Exercise 3.15
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d
l
saas1.aGraph the following d ad
asa l
saquadratic equations and d a
d state l
saasa their nature of solutions. d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P .P.= aa
P .P aa
.P a2 a
.Px.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w (i) x 2
− 9 w
x +w20
w w 0 w
(ii) wx 2w
w − 4 x + 4 = 0 wwww
(iii) + x + 7 = 0 wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
(iv) rgxrg− 9 =
2
0 rgrg(v) x − 6 x + 9 =
2
0 rgrg (vi) (2 x − 3)( x +i2) =rg0rg
i . O
i . O i . O
i . O i . O
i . O . O
i . O
d a
d saas2.laalaDraw the graph dofadsa= la a
ysalx 2 − 4 and hencedsolve
a a
d saaslaalxa2 − x − 12 = 0 d a
d saaslaala d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P
w ww
w 3. Draw w
the w
w w
graph of = 2
+ and w w
w w
hence solve x 2
+ 1 = 0 wwww wwww
ww ww y x x ww ww ww
4. .Draw
i O . rgrgthe graph of y = xi.O.+O
O
2
r3grxg+ 2 and use it to solve i . O . rgrxg + 2 x + 1 =0
O
2
i . O . rgrg
O
a i a i a i a i
d a
d saas5.lalaDraw the graph dofadsaa ysl=alxa2 + 3x − 4 and hence d a
d
lala
saasuse it to solve x 2
+ d
3 xa
d−
lala
sa4as= 0 d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa .P.Paa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
wwww w ww
w w ww
w wwww wwww
ww 6. Draw the w w graph of y = x − 5 x − 6wand hence solve x − 5wx − 14 =
2
w 2
w 0 ww
7. i.O Draw
. rgrg the graph of y = i2.O
O r−gr3gx − 5 and hence solve
x.2O i . O . rgr2gx 2 − 4 x − 6 =
O 0 i .O . rgrg
O
l
asal a a i l
asala a i l
asal a a i l
asala a i asla
a ad 8. Draw the graph
.P.P .P.P a aofd y =( x − 1)( x + 3) and .P.P d solve x − x − .6P=
a ahence 2
a0ad
.P a ad
.P.P
www www www www www
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasla
aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w wwww w www
ww ww wwPage 24
s a l aalia.Oi.O
s a l alia.O
a i.O
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.Oi.O ala
d
aa ad a aa d a
d a aad a
d a aad a
d a aad a
d
w
ww w ww w w www w ww ww ww w w
l a ia.Oi . rgrg
O l a ia.Oi. O MATRICES
rgrg
l a ia.Oi . rgrg
O l a ia .Oi . rgrg
O
d ad
a l
saasExample 3.53 d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P P.P
.andaa aa
.P.P
w ww
w Consider thewfollowing ww
w information regarding w ww
w the number of men wwww women workers w ww
inw
ww ww ww ww ww
three factories I, II and III.
i . O . rgrg
O Factory i . O . rgrg Men
O Women
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a i a i a i a i
d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslaI la 23 da d saaslala18 d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa II a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
wwww wwww w w47
w w 36 wwww w ww
w
ww ww III
ww 15 16
w w w w
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
l a
al a
asRepresenti l
asala a i l a a i
al What does theaentry
in the form ofaasaamatrix. l a a i
asal in the second asla
d a sa d s
the above information
a a d s d sa d a sa
a ad row and first column
.P.P d
a arepresent?
.P.P a ad
.P.P .P.Pa ad a ad
.P.P
www www www www www
Example rgrg3.54 rgrg rgrg rgrg
l a ia. O
i . O l a ia.Oi . O l a ia.Oi . O l a ia .Oi . O
d a
d
If
saasa l
a matrix has 16 elements,
d a
d saasa l what are the possible
d a
d saasa l
orders it can have?
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P .P.Paa aa
.P.P
w ww
w w w
w w w w
w w www w w w
w w
Construct a 3x3 matrix whose elements are aij = i j 2 2
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
.P.P aa aa
.P.P .P.Paa aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w wwww w ww
w
ww ww ww  a − b 2a +w cw 1 5 ww
Find the value of a, b, c, d from the equation  = 
. O rgrg
O . O rgrg
O  2a − b.O3O rcgr+gd   0 2  . O rgrg
O
a
lalai i . a i i . a i i . a i i .
d a
d saasExercise 3.16 dadsaaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa 8 9 4 3 ww a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
wwww wwww w w wwww w ww
w
ww ww  ww w w w w
 −1
3 
i
1.laIn . O .
thergrmatrix
O g A=
7 Orgrg 5
i . . O  , write (i) lThe i . O . rgrg of elements i.O.O
O
number rgrg
asal a i l a a i 2 a a i l a a i asla
a sa asaasal  a saasal a sa asal a sa
d
a ad d
a ad 1 4 3 0  .P.P d
a ad d
a ad d
a ad
w .P.P
w w .P.P
w  w w w w.P.P w .P.P
w
w
www wwww 6 8 −11ww w
1 w wwww www w
(ii)OThe
i . i.O rgrgorder of the matrix i .O . rgrgWrite the elementsi.aO.22O
(iii)
O r,grag23, a24, a34, a43, a44. i.O.O rgrg
d a
d
l
saas2.a If a matrix has 18delements, a
d
l
saasa what are the possible d a
d
l
saasa orders it can have? d a
d a
l
asa if it has 6
sWhat d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P .P.Paa aa
.P.P
w ww
w elements?ww ww w ww
w wwww w ww
w
ww ww ww ww ww
g g g ( i
g + j )3
3. Construct r r g a3x3 matrix whose r r g
elements are given by r
(i) r ga = i − 2 j (ii) a = r r g
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.O i.O
s a laalia.Oi.O ij
s a laaliaij.O
i.O 3
saasla
d a
d a s d a
d a s d a
d a s d a
d a s d a
d
aa
.P.P 5 w a3 a
4 .P.P aa
.P.P .P.Paa aa
.P.P
w ww
w  w w w  w ww
w wwww w ww
w
ww 4. If= A w 1w −7 9  then find thewtranspose w of A. ww ww
i . O . rgrg 3 8 2 
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a i a i a i a i
d a
d saaslala  d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa 7 −a
.P.Pa
3 a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
wwww  ww ww w ww
w wwww w ww
w
ww w
5. If A=  −w 5 2  then find the transpose ww of −A. w w w w

rgrg 3 −5   rgrg rgrg rgrg
l a ia. O
i . O   l a ia. O
i . O l a ia. O
i . O l a ia . O
i . O
a saasal a saasal a saasal a sa asal a s aasla
d
a ad  5 .P.P d
a2ad 2  d
a ad d
a ad d
a ad
w .P.P
w w w w .P.P
w w w.P.P w .P.P
w
w
www 
wwww  w
www wwww www w
5
6. If A=  − 17 0.7 then verify ( AT )T = A .
i .O . rgrg
O 2  Orgrg
i . i.O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
l a a i  
l a a l a a i l a a i
d a
d saasa l  8 3 as1asa
d d a
l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasla
aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P .P.Paa aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w wwww w ww
w
ww ww ww Page 25
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.O i.O
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a slaalia. i.O s aslaalia. i.O s aslaalia. i.O s aslaalia. i.O saasla
d
aa ad a d
aa ad a aad a
d a aad a
d a aad a
d
w
ww w w
ww w wwww wwww wwww
l a ia.Oi . rgrg
O l a ia.Oi4.GEOMETRY
. Orgrg
l a ia.Oi . rgrg
O l a ia.Oi . rgrg
O
d adsaasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w Example:4.1 w ww
w wwww wwww wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a i a i a i a i
d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa Show that ∆PST a
.Pa∆PQR
.P~ (i) www
a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
(ii)
a
.P.Pa
wwww wwww wwww wwww
ww ww www ww ww
Example:4.2
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
l
asal a a i l
asala a i l
asala a i l
asala a i asla
a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P
www Is ∆ABC w w ?
~w∆PQR www www www
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w wwww wwww wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d
a l
saasExample:4.3 d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w wwww wwww wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
Observe
i . O . rgrgFigure and find ∠i.O
O P . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a i a i a i a i
d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
l
asal a a i l
asala a i l
asala a i l
asala a i asla
a ad Example:4.4 .P.P
.P.P a ad a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P
www A boy of height www 90cm is walking away wwwfrom the base of a lamp www post at a speed of 1.2m/sec. www
If the
i .O . rgrg
lamppost
O is 3.6m above i .O the
. rgrground,
O g find the lengthi .O . rgof
O rghis shadow cast after i .O . r4grseconds.
O g
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w wwww wwww wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
Example:4.5
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d
l
saasInaFigure ∠ A = ∠ dCED a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P aa
.P.~∆CED
P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w prove that w ww
∆CAB
w . wwww wwww wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
Also find the value of x.
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a i a i a i a i
d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa Example:4.6 a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
wwww w ww
w wwww wwww wwww
ww In Fig , QAwand w PB are perpendiculars ww to AB. ww ww
If AO =r10
. O Ogrgcm, BO= 6 cm and.O PB=rgrg9 cm. Find AQ. i.O.O
O rgrg .O rgrg
O
l
asal a ia i . l
asala ia i . l
asala a i l
asala ia i . asla
d a sa d a sa d a sa d a s a d a s a
a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P
www Example:4.7 www www www www
The perimeters
i .O . rgrg of two similari.O
O . rgrg ABC and PQRi.are
triangles
O O . rgrespectively
O rg 36 cm and
i .O . O grgcm.
r24
d a
d
l
saIfasaPQ = 10 cm, find AB. d a
d saasa l
dadsaasa l
d adsaasa l
d adsaasla
aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w www
ww ww wwPage 26
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.O i.O
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.Oi.O ala
s aslaalia. i.O s aslaalia. i.O s as laalia. i.O s aslaalia. i.O saasla
d
d a aad ad a aad a
d
w
ww w www w www w wwww wwww
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
a
Example:4.8
d adsaasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasla
a a If ∆ABC is similar
.P.P atoa∆DEF such that BC.P=.P
.P.P a3acm, EF = 4 cm and.area a aof ∆ABC = 54 cm.P 2
. aa
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w wwwwP.P wwww.P
ww Find the area wwof ∆DEF. ww ww ww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a i a i a i a i
d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
i .
Example:4.9O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
l a a i
asal poles of height ‘a’asametres l a a i
asal and ‘b’ metres are l a a i
al metres apart. Prove
as‘p’ l a a i
asalthe height of asla
d a saTwo d d a sa d a sathat d a sa
a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.the
P a ad
P.P
.the .P.Pa ad
www the point of www
intersection of the lines www
joining top of each www
pole to foot of the www
opposite
polei.isO.O rgrg by ab metres

given i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
l a a i + l a a i l a a i l a a i
d a
d saasa l a b
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P aa
.P.P .P.Paa .P.Paa .P.Paa
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w wwww wwww
ww Example:4.10 ww ww ww ww
i .O . rgrga triangle similar toi.O
O ai.O
rgrg triangle PQR with i .O . O grg
rits 3 O
oflia.the. rgrg
O
Construct
l a a i l a a given l a a i sides equal to la i
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d adsaa5sa
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
P.P
.(scale 3 .P.Paa .P.Paa
w ww
w corresponding w ww
w
sides of the triangle PQRw ww
w factor < 1) wwww wwww
ww ww ww 5 ww ww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a
aslala i a i a i a i
d a
d saExample:4.11 d adsaaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa 7 a
.P.Pa
wwww w ww
w w ww
w wwwequal
w wwww
ww Construct awtriangle w similar to a given w triangle
w PQR with its w
sides
w to of the ww
4
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O 7i.O.O rgrg i . O . rgrg
O
l a a i
corresponding
asal sides of the l a a
triangle
asal i PQR (scale factor l
asal4a a i
> 1) l
asala a i asla
a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P .P.Pa ad .P.Pa ad .P.Pa ad
www w w www www www
Exercise 4.1w
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d
l
saas1.aCheck whether thedadwhich l
saasa triangles are similar d a
d
l
asa find the value of xa.saasa
saand d d
l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P aa
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w wwww w www
ww (i) ww ww (ii) ww ww
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P aa
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w wwww w www
ww ww ww ww ww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a i
lala A girl looks the sreflection a i
aslala of the top of the a i
lala post on the mirrorsawhich a i
d a
d saas2. d ad a d a
d saaslamp d ad a slala is 66 m d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa away from w a
Pa of the lamppost.wThe
.P.foot
the a a whose height is 12.5
.P.Pgirl a
.P.Pm a is standing 2.5 m .P.Pa a
wwww w w w w w w wwww ww ww
ww away from
w w the mirror. Assuming the w w
w mirror is placed on thewground facing the skywand w the
g
rr g g g
r r in a same line, find g g
r r height of the lamp ipost. r g g
a laalia.O
girl,i.Omirror and the lamppost
a laalia.O i.Oare a laal ia.O O
i.the a laal a.Oi.Or asla
d a sa s d a sa s d a sa s d a sa s d a s a
a ad 3. A vertical.Pstick
.P.P a adof length 6 m casts.Pa.P
.P ad 400 cm long on
ashadow .P.P adground and at the .P.P
athe a ad
www same time wwawtower casts a shadowww 28wm long. Using similarity, www find the height of the w
wwtower.
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
dadsaasa l
d adsaasa l
d adsaasla
aa
.P.P aa
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w wwww w www
ww ww wwPage 27
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.O i.O
s a laalia.O i.O
d
d a aad a
d a aad a
d
w
ww w www w wwww www w wwww
4. Two triangles QPR and QSR, right angled at P and S respectively are drawn on the same
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d adsaasa base
l QR and on the
d ad
same
saasa l side of QR. If PR
d
and
a
d saasa SQl intersect at T, prove
d a
d saasathat
l PT × TR =
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P ST × TQ. w.P.P aa .P.Paa aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w w w w wwww w ww
w wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
5.aIn i . Othe
. rgradjacent
O g figure, ∆ABC i . O . rgrisg right angled at C i.O.O
O rgrg i . O . rgrg
O
la i a i a i a i
d a
d saaslaand DE ⊥ AB. d
Provead saaslala∆ABC ~ ∆ADE
that d a
d saaslala
and d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
wwww ww
wthe
w wwww w ww
w wwww
ww hence find ww lengths of AE andwDE w ww ww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
l a
as6.aIn a i
l the adjacent figure, l a
al a
as∆ACB~∆APQi l a l a i l
asala a i asla
a sa a sa . If BCa=saas 8acm, a sa a sa
d
a ad d
a ad d
a ad d
a ad d
a ad
w .P.P
w PQ = 4 cm, wBA.P.P
w = 6.5 cm and AP = w .P.cm,
w
2.8 P find CA and AQ. w .P.P
w ww.P.P
w
www w
www w
www w
www w
www
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
7.
l a Ifa i
figure OPRQ is a squarel a a i
and ∠ MLN = 90 ° .
l a a i l a a i
d a
d saasa l
d ad saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa Prove that (i) .∆LOP aa aa aa aa
w ww
w
.P.P
w wwP.P ~ ∆QMO ww
w ww.P.P
w ww
w
.P.P
wwww.P.P
ww ww (ii) ∆LOP ~ ∆RPN ww ww ww
i .O . rgrg
O (iii) ∆QMOi.~ O . O grg
r∆RPN i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
a saasa l
a saas2 a l
a saasa l
a saasa l
a saasla
aa
.P.P
d d aa
(iv)
.P.P
d d
QR = MQ × RN .P.Paad d aa
.P.P
d d aa
.P.P
d d
w ww
w w ww
w wwww w ww
w wwww
ww 8. If ∆ABCw~w∆DEF such that area of ww∆ABC is 9cm and thewarea
2 w of ∆DEF is 16cm w 2 w
and
i . O . rg2.1
O rg cm. Find the length i . O . rofgrgEF.
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
aBC i = a i a i a i
d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa 9. Two verticalwpoles .PPaa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
ww
ww
ww
wwwww. of heights 6 mwand wwwww
www ww
w wwwwww
3 m are erected above a horizontal
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
l a l
asagrounda i l a a
asal of y. i l
asal a a i l
asala a i asla
d a sa AC. Find the d a svalue
a d a sa d a sa d a sa
a ad
.P.P .P.Pa ad .P.Pa ad a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P
www 10. Construct ww w
a triangle similar to a given wwwtriangle PQR with its ww w
sides equal to of theww
2 w
rgrg rgrg rgrg 3 rgrg
l a ia. O
i . O l a ia. O
i . O l a ia. O
i . O l a ia.Oi.O
d a
d saas a l
corresponding sidesd ad s
ofaas a
the l triangle PQR (scale
d a
d saas a
factor l 2
). d a
d saas a l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P .P.Paa .P.Paa 3 aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w wwww w ww
w wwww
ww 11. Construct wwa triangle similar to a given ww triangle LMN with its wwsides equal to 4 of theww
l ia. O
i . O
acorresponding l i . O
i . O
alatriangle LMN (scalesa l i . O
i
ala 4 ). . O l alia.Oi.O
d a
d saas a l sidesd ad s
ofaas a
the d a
d a s a
factor d a
d saas a
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P .P.Paa .P.Paa 5 aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w wwww w ww
w wwww
ww 12. Construct wwa triangle similar to a given ww triangle ABC with itsww sides equal to
6
of the ww
a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O lalia.O
a i.O
s as la
lacorresponding sides s
of as lalatriangle ABC (scalesfactor
the as lala ). 6
s as saasla
a d a
d a a d ad a a d a
d a a d a
d a a d a
d
ww.P.Pa ww .P.Pa ww.P.Pa 4
ww.P.Pa ww.P.Pa
ww
ww w w w w ww w w w w ww
13. Construct w w triangle PQR with its w sides equal to of the w
7
a triangle similar to a given
i . O . O i . O . O i . O . O laalia.Oi.O
s as lai
laacorresponding sides s
of asthe
i
laalatriangle PQR (scale s as laalai 7 ).
factor s as s asla
d
a ada a d
a ada a d
a ada a 3 d
a ada a d a
a ad a
w .P.P
w w .P.P
w w .P.P
w w .P.P
w ww.P.P
w
www w
www w
www w
www w
www
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa l
d ad saasa l
dadsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasla
aa
.P.P .P.Paa .P.Paa aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w www
ww ww wwPage 28
r gr g r g r g r gr g r gr g
s a laalia.O i.O
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.O i.O
s a laalia.Oi.O ala
d
d a aad a
d a aad a
d
w
ww w ww w w www w www w w
ww w
l a ia.Oi . Orgrg 5. COORDINATE GEOMETRY l a ia.Oi. Orgrg

l a ia.Oi . rgrg
O l a ia.Oi . rgrg
O
d adsaasa l
d ad saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P Example 5.1 .P.P aa .P.Paa .P.Paa aa
.P.P
w ww Find the area w w w w w w w w w w w w
ww w wwof the triangle whose w
w vertices
w w are (−3,5) , (5, 6w)w and (5,−2)
w ww w
i . O . Orgrg i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a
lala i a i a i a i
d a
d saasExample 5.2
d ad saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa Show that the w a
.PPaP(−1.5,3 ), Q(6,−2) a
.Pa are collinear.
.,PR(−3,4) a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
www.
ww points ww ww ww
ww
ww ww wwww wwww ww
ww
Example
i . O . Orgrg5.3 i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
l a a i
l area of the triangle
asIfathe l a
al
asformed a i l a a i
asal ), B(k,−2) , andasaC(7,4) l a a i
asal (taken in asla
d a sa d a sa by the vertices
d a saA(−1,2 d d a sa
a ad
.P.P .P.P a ad .P.Pa ad .P.Pa ad a ad
.P.P
w w w w w w w w
k. w w w w w w w
www order) is 22wwwsq. units, find the value www
of www www
i .O . Orgrg i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d
a l
saasExample 5.4
d ad saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
a a If the points P(−1,
.P.P .P.P a−4
a ), Q(b,c) , and R(5, a a are collinear and if.P2b+c
.P.−1)
P aa aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w www w ww.P = 4 , then findwthe
w ww
w
ww values of bwand w c. ww ww ww
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d
a l
saasExample 5.5 d ad saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P
w ww
w The floor ofw w
awhall
w is covered with identical w www tiles which are in the w wshapes
w w of triangles. One w ww
w
ww such triangle wwhas the vertices at (−3,2) ww, (−1, −1) and (1,2). Ifwthe w floor of the hall is ww
completely
i . O . Orgrg covered by 110 tiles, i . O . rgfind
O rg the area of the floor. i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a i a i a i a i
d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa Example 5.6 ww .PPa a a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
ww
ww
ww
ww ww . wwww ww
wwwwww ww
ww
ww
Find the area of the quadrilateral formed by the points (8,6) , (5,11) , (−5,12) and (−4,3).
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
l a
al
asExamplea i l
asal a a i l
asal a a i l
asala a i asla
a ad
.P.P .P.P a ad .P.Pa ad a ad
.P.atP a ad
.P.P
w w w The given w w w
diagram shows a plan for w w w
constructing a new parking w w w
lot a campus. It is w w w
www www www www www
estimated that such construction would cost `1300 per square feet. What will be the total cost
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
for
l a a i
making the parking lot? l a a i l a a i l a a i
d a
d saasa l
d ad saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w www w ww
w w ww
w
ww Exercisew5.1 w ww ww ww
1.aiFind.O . Orgrthe
g area of the triangle
i .O . O grg by the points .OO
rformed i . rgrg i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d
l
saasa (i) (1, −1) , (−4,6)dadand saasa l
(−3, −5). (ii) (−10, d a
−4)
d
l
saas,a(−8, −1) and (−3, −5). d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P
w ww
w w wwhether
w w w www w ww
w w ww
w
ww 2. Determine ww the sets of ww
points are collinear? ww ww
(rg grg (ii) (a, b+c) , (b, c+a) rgand rgrg
1
a i .
(i)O
i . O −rg , 3) , (−5,6) anda(−8, i . O
i . r8).
O a i . O
i . O rg (c, a+b).
a i . O
i . O
d a
d saaslala 2
d ad saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa 3. Vertices ofwgiven .PPa a a
Pa and their areas w
.P.order a
Pa
.P.provided a
.P.Pa
ww
ww
ww
ww www. triangles are taken wwww win
w wwwware
w aside. In each
ww
ww
ww
case, find the value of ‘p ’.
O i . O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
l a a i
asal(i) Vertices : (0,0)asa, a(p,8) l a a i
al and (6, 2) l a a i
asal : 20 sq.units
Area l
asala a i asla
d a sa d s d a sa d a sa d a s a
a ad
.P.P a ad
.:P.(p,p)
P .P.Pa ad .P.Pa ad a ad
.P.P
w w w (ii) Verticesw w w , (5,6) and (5,w−2)
w w Area : 32 w
sq.units
w w w w w
www www www www www
4. In each of the following, find the value of ‘a’ for which the given points are collinear.
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d
l
saasa (i) (2,3) , (4,a) and(6, d ad saas−3)a l (ii) (a, 2−2a)as,aa
d d
l
(s−a+1,
a 2a) and (−4−a,a6−2a)
d dsaasa l
d adsaasla
aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w www w ww
w w ww
w
ww ww ww
Page 29
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.O i.O
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.Oi.O ala
d
d a aad a
d a aad a
d
ww.P.P ww .P.P ww .P.P .P.P
ww ww.P.P
w
ww w www w www w wwww wwww
5. Find the area of the quadrilateral whose vertices are at
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
l a (i)
a i (−9, −2) , (−8−4), l a a i −3). l a(−9,0)
a i , (−8,6)( −1, −2) l a a i (−6, −3).
d adsaasa l
d ad
(2,2)
saasa l and (1,
d a
d
(ii)
saasa l
d a
d saasa l
and
d a
d saasla
a a 6. Find the value .of
.P.P aa a a is 28 sq.units, whose a avertices are (−4, −2) ,a a
w ww
w w wwwP.Pk, if the area of a quadrilateralw ww
w
.P.P
ww
.P.P
ww wwww.P.P
ww ww ww ww ww
(−3,k), (3, −2) and (2,3).
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
i i i i
d a
d sa7.aslaIf
alathe points A(−3,9s),asB(a,
d ad a
lala b) , and C(4, −5)sare
a
d a
d aaslacollinear
ala and if a+bs=as1la,lathen find a and
d a
d a
a
d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa b. a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
wwww w www w ww
w www
w wwww
ww w
8. Let P(11,w7 ), Q(13.5, 4) , and R(9.5, w w
w 4) be the mid- pointswof the sides AB, BC andwAC w
i . O rgrg
O
respectively
. of ∆ABC l.aFind i . O . rg
O rg coordina tes of the
the i . O rgrg A, B and C. Hence
O
vertices
. i . O . rgrfind
O g the
asall a a i asal a i l
asal a a i l
asala a i asla
a sa a sa a sa a sa a sa
a ad area of ∆ABC.Pand
.P.P
d d d
a acompare
.P
this with area ad∆PQR .
d
aof
.P.P .P.P
d
a ad .P.P
d
a ad
www 9. In the figure, www the quadrilateral swimming www pool shown is surrounded www www
i rgrg patio. Find thei.O
byOconcrete
. i.O area
. rgrgof the patio. A triangular
O i .O . rgrgshaped
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d
l
saasaglass with verticesdaat d
l
saaA(−5,
sa −4 ), B(1, 6) ,dand a
d saasC(7,l
a −4) has to be asaasa
d d
l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P aa
.Pbucket
.P aa
.Psquare
.P aa
.P.P .P.Paa
w ww
w painted. Ifwone www of paint covers w w6w
w feets, how many w ww
w w www
ww ww ww ww ww
buckets of paint will be required to paint the whole glass, if only one
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa coat
l of paint is applied.
d ad saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
a a 10. In the figure, .find
.P.P aa aa aa aa
w ww
w w wwwP.P the area of (i) triangle w ww
w
.P.AGF
P
w ww
w
.P.P
w www.P.P
ww ww ww ww ww
i . O . rgrg FED (iii) quadrilateral
(ii) triangle
O i . O . rgrg BCEG.
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a i a i a i a i
d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
wwww ww ww ww ww wwww ww ww
ww ww ww ww ww
i . O . rgrg
O . O . rgrg
O . O . rgrg
O . O . rgrg
O
d a saasall a a i
d a sa
l6.TRIGNOMETRY
asala ia i
d a sa
l
asal a ia i
d a sa
l
asala ia i
d a saasla
a ad
.P.P .P.Pa ad a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P .P.Pa ad
www Example:6.1 www www www www
Prove
i . O . rgrg tan 2 θ − sin 2 θ i=
that
O . Otan
. rg2rθg sin 2 θ
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa l
d ad saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
a a Example:6.2 .P.P
.P.P aa aa
.P.P aa
.P.P .P.Paa
w ww
w w www w w
w w w w
w w w www
ww Prove thatww sin A = 1 − cos A ww ww ww
i . O . rgrg 1 + cos A sini.AO.O
O rgrg i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa l
d ad saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P Example:6.3 .P.Paa aa
.P.P aa
.P.P .P.Paa
w ww
w w www 2
θ w ww
w w ww
w w www
ww Prove thatww 1 +
cot
= cos ecθww ww ww
1 + cos ec θ
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a
lala i a i a i a i
d a
d saasExample:6.4 d ad saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa Prove that wsec .PPaa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
ww
ww
ww
wwwww.θ − cos θ = tan θ sin wwwθwww ww
ww
ww ww
ww
ww
. O
Example:6.5
i . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
asall a a i l
asala a i l
asal a a i l
asala a i asla
d a sa + d a θsa d a s a d a sa d a s a
a ad Prove that
.P.P
1
.P.P ad cos ecθ + cot θ .P.P
cos
a= a ad a ad
.P.P .P.Pa ad
w w w w w w − θ w w w w w w w ww
www www 1 cos www www www
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa l
d ad saasa l
d adsaasa l
d ad saasa l
d adsaasla
aa
.P.P .P.Paa aa
.P.P aa
.P.P .P.Paa
w ww
w w www w ww
w w ww
w w www
ww ww wwPage 30
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.Oi.O ala
d
aa ad a aa d ad a aa d ad a aad a
d a aad a
d
w
ww w w
ww w ww w w www w wwww
Example:6.6
i .O . rgrg sec θ sin θ i.O.O
O rgrg i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d adsaasa l
Prove that
sin θ
− sasa=
d ad
cosa θ
l cot θ
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P .P.P aa .P.Paa aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
Example:6.7
i . O . rgrg sin 2 A cos 2 B i+.O
O . rgr2 gA sin 2 B + cos 2 A cos
O i . 2 rgrg
O . O + 2 2
= i . O . rgrg
O
Prove
a i that a i
cos a i B sin A sin B 1 a i
d a
d saaslala d ad saaslala d adsaaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa Example:6.8 ww .PPa a a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
ww
ww
ww ww .
ww ww wwww
wwww ww
wwwwww
If cos θ + sin θ = 2 cos θ , then prove that cos θ − sin θ = 2 sin θ
. O r
O gr g . O r
O gr g . O r
O grg . O rgrg
O
l a ia i . l a ia i . l a ia i . l a ia i . asla
a sa al
asExample:6.9 a saasal a sa asal a saasal a sa
d
a ad d
a ad d
a ad d
a ad d
a ad
w .P.P
w w (w P.P
.cos θ − θ )( θ − w .Pθ.P
w )( θ + θ ) = w .P.P
w ww.P.P
w
www Prove that w
www ec sin sec wwww cos tan cot 1 w
www w
www
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
l a i
Example:6.10
a l a a i l a a i l a a i
d a
d saasa l
sin Ad ad
l
saasasin A d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
a a Prove that
.P.P aa +
.+P.cos
P = .P.P
2 cos ecA aa aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w w w1w
w A 1 − cos A w ww
w w ww
w wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
.O
Example:6.11
i . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa l
d ad saasa l
Pd
2 sa
ad−a1 sa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
a a If cos ecθ + cot θ .=
.P.P Pa,athen prove that cos θ.P.=P aa aa aa
w ww
w w wwP.P
w w ww P 2 + 1
w w ww
w
.P.P
wwww.P.P
ww ww ww ww ww
i . O
Example:6.12
. rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a i a i a i a i
d a
d saaslala 2 da d saas2lala sin 2 A − sin 2 B dadsaaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
ww
a
.P.Pa Prove that
ww .P.PAa− tan B =
tan a
cos 2 Aw w2w.P a
B.P
a
ww
a
.P.Pa ww
a
.P.Pa
ww
ww ww
ww wwcosw wwww wwww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
l a
al a i
asExample:6.13 l
asal a a i l
asal a a i l
asala a i asla
a ad
.P.P P.P
.cos a3 ad 3 a3ad
.Psin
.P a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P
w w w w w w A − sin A   cos 3
w w
A +
w A  w w w w ww
www Prove thatwww  −  www = 2 sin A coswAww www
 cos A − sin A   cos A + sin A 
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d
a l
saasExample:6.14 d ad saasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P .P.P aa aa
.AP.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w sin A w ww
cos
w w ww
w wwww
ww Prove thatww + ww = 1 ww ww
sec A + tan A − 1 cos ecA + cot A − 1
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d
a l
saasExample:6.15 d ad saasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P aa 2
.1P.+P .P.Paa aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w tan A   1 − tan A w w2 w

w w ww
w wwww
ww Show that ww  = ww ww ww
 1 + cot 2 A   1 − cotA 
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a
lala i a i a i a i
d a
d saasExample:6.16 d ad saaslala d adsaaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa .P.Paa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
wwww ww(1w
w + cot A + tan A )( sin A −
w w
w w
cos A ) w ww
w wwww
ww Prove that w w w w = sin A cos A w
2 2 w ww
sec 3
A − cos ec 3
A
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
l
asal a a i l
asal a a i l
asal a a i l
asala a i asla
a ad
.P.P
Example:6.17
.P.P a ad .P.Pa ad a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P
w w w cos θ www sin θ w w w w w w w w w w ww
www ww that p 2 q 2 ( p 2 + q 2 +w3w) w www
2 2
If = p and = q , then w prove =1
sin θ g g cos θ
i . O . rr
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa l
d ad saasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasla
aa
.P.P .P.P aa .P.Paa aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w wwww w ww
w w ww
w w www
ww ww wwPage 31
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.Oi.O ala
d
aa ad a aa d ad a aad a
d a aa d a
d a aad a
d
w
ww w ww w w www w ww w w wwww
Exercise rgrg 6.1 rgrg rgrg rgrg
l a ia. O
i . O l a ia.Oi. O l a ia.Oi . O l a ia.Oi . O
d ad
l
sa1.asaProve the following d ad saasa
identities.
l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w w
4 w
w wwww
ww (i) cot θ + tan wwθ = secθ cos ecθ ww (ii) tan θ + tan θ =wsec
4 2
w θ − sec θ 2
ww
2. Prove
i . O . Orgthe
rg following identities i . O . rgrg
O i . O . Orgrg i . O . rgrg
O
a i a i a i a i
d a
d saaslal1a− tan 2 θ d ad saaslala d a
d saasθlala
cos d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa (i) = tan 2
θa a a
.P.Pa1 + sin θ
(ii) = sec θ − tan θ.P.Paa a
.P.Pa
ww cot 2 θ − 1 ww w.P.P ww ww ww
ww
ww ww w wwww ww ww wwww
3. Prove the following identities.
O i . O . Orgrg i . O . rgrg
O
l a i
as(i)al 1 + sin
a θ l
asθ ala a i 1s+a l
sin a a i
alθ + 1 − sin θ = l
asala a i asla
d a sa = s ec θ +
d a s
tana (ii) d a a s 2 d
seca θsa d a sa
a ad
.P.P 1 − sin θ w.P.P a ad .P.P a ad1 − sin θ 1 + sin θ .P.P a ad a ad
.P.P
w w w w w w w w w w w w ww
www 4. Prove thewfollowing ww identities. ww
w www www
(i) i .O
sec . Or6θgrg= tan 6 θ + 3tan 2 θ sec i .O2 rg
θO+r1
. g
O
a saasa l
a saasa l
a saasa 2 l
a saasa l
a saasla
a a (ii) ( sin θ + sec θ ).P.+P
.P.P
d d 2
a( a
cos θ + cos ecθ ) =
d d 2
1 + (.sec aθa+ cos ecθ )
d d aa d d aad d
w ww
w w ww
w w wwP.P
w w ww
w
.P.P
wwww.P.P
ww 5. Prove thewfollowing w identities. ww ww ww
rgrg rgrg cot θ − cos θ.O rgrgcosec θ − 1 rgrg
a saasa l
(i)alia.O
sec i . O
4
θ (1 − sin 4
θ ) − 2
a
tan
saasa
2 i.O
l θ
a l =
a i1. O (ii)
a
l alia.Oi =
saθas+acosθ cosec θ + 1 dadsaasa l a lia.Oi . O
a saasla
aad d aa d d aad cot
d aa aad d
w
ww w 6. Prove theww w w
following identities. www w ww w w wwww
sin rAgr−gsin B cos A − cos B rgrg sin A + cos rg
3 3
Arg sin A − cos A
3 3
rgrg
(i) i.O i . O + i .=O
i .0O (ii) i . O
i . O + = 2 i.O i . O
saaslalaa cos A + cos B sin A +ssin a
aslaBla sin a
saasAla+lcosa A sin A − cos Asaslala a saasla
a d a
d a d ad a a d a
d a d a
d a a d a
d
.P.Pa 7. (i) If sin θ +wcos .PPa 3 , then prove that Paθ + cot θ =
.P.tan .P.Pa .P.Pa
ww
ww
ww
ww www. θ = wwww ww 1
w3wwwww
wwwwww
3 tan θ − tan θ
(ii) IfOrgr3gsin θ − cos θ = 0 , then rshow
O g r g that tan 3θ =
O rgrg2 θ O rgrg
l a ia. i . O l a ia. i . O l a
1 i−
a. i
3 . O
tan l a ia. i . O
a sa asal a saasal a sa asal a sa asal a saasla
d
a ad 8. (i) If cos α =.P d
a ad cos α = n , then prove d d d
a2 ad d
a ad
w
www
w .P.P
w w
wwβw
cos
w w m.Pand
s inβ w
www
w .P.P
w
a athat
( m 2 + n 2 ) cosw2 w
www
βw .=P.nP
w
www
ww.P.P
rgrg rgrg rgrg 2 23 2

rgrg
saasa l a
(ii)lia.
IfO
i . O cot θ + tan θ = x and
saasa l a lia.
sec O
i . O
θ − cos θ = y , then
saasa l a
provelia. O
i . O
that ( x y ) − ( xy )
2 3
saasal=a 1
lia.Oi . O
saasla
aad a
d aa d ad aad a
d aa d a
d aad a
d
w
ww
ww
w
.P.P 9. (i) If sin θ w
ww +ww w
cos.Pθ.P = p and sec θ − coswec
ww w
.P
wθw = .P
q , then prove that w
ww
w
qw( .2P.−P
pw 1) = 2p
wwwwww.P.P
. i.Ogrg (
(ii) IfOrsin θ 1 + sin θ ) =2
cos θ then
2
rgrgprove that cos θ −i.O 6
4cos rgrgθ + 8cos θ =
4 2
4 rgrg
l a ia l a ia.Oi . O l a a i . O l a ia.Oi . O
d a
d saasa l
cos θ 1 d ad saasa l 2
− d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
a a 10. If a, then
a prove that a 1 asina θ aa aa
w ww
w
.P.P
+ wθ w=w
w
.P.P
w +
w
.P=P
2 ww.
w ww
w
.P.P
wwww.P.P
ww 1 ww
sin a ww
a 1 ww ww
a saaslalaa i . O
i . Orgrg
a
7. MENSURATION
saaslalaa i . O
i . rgrg
O
a saaslala a i . O
i . Orgrg
a
a
saaslala
i . O
i . rgrg
O
a saasla
a d d a d d a d d a d d a d d
ww.P.Pa Example 7.1 ww .P.Pa ww.P.Pa ww .P.Pa ww.P.Pa
ww
ww w w w w w w w w w w ww
A cylindricalwdrum has a height of 20wcm and base radius of 14 w cm. Find its curved surface w
areai.O and
. Orgrthe
g total surface area.
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . Orgrg i .O . rgrg
O
l
asal a a i asall a a i l
asal a a i l
asala a i asla
a ad
.P.P
www Example www
7.2 www www 2
www
The curved surface area of a right circular cylinder of height 14 cm is 88 cm . Find the
O
l a
diameter
a i of the cylinder. l a a i l a a i l a a i
d a
d saasa l
d ad saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasla
aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w ww
w w www
ww ww wwPage 32
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.O i.O
s a laalia.Oi.O
d
aa ad a d
aa ad a aad a
d a aad a
d a aad a
d
w
ww w www w ww ww www w wwww
Example 7.3
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
A l a a i
garden roller whose length
l a a i
is 3 m long and whose l a i
diameter
a is 2.8 m is a
rolled
l a i
to level a
d ads aasa l
d ads aasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
a a garden. How much
.P.P aarea
.P.P a will it cover in 8.P aa
revolutions? .P.P aa .P.Paa
w ww
w w ww
w wwww.P w ww
w wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
Example
i . O . rgrg7.4
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a i
la litre of paint covers a i
lam , how many litres a i
lalapaint is required to paint a i
saasIflaone saasla10 saaslalathe internal saasla
2
d a
d d a
d d a
d saasof d a
d d a
d
a
.P.Pa and external surface a
.P.Paareas of a cylindrical a
.Pa whose thickness
.Ptunnel a
2 am, internal radius is
.isP.P a
.6P.Pa
wwww w ww
w wwww w ww
w wwww
ww w
m and heightwis 25 m. w w ww ww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
l a
al
asExamplea i l
asala a i l
asal a a i l
asala a i asla
a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P a ad
.Pheight
.P a ad
.P.the
P .P.Pa ad
w w w The radius w
of w
a w
conical tent is 7 m andw ww
the is 24 m. w w
Calculatew length of the w ww
canvas
www www www www www
used to make the tent if the width of the rectangular canvas is 4 m?
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
.P.P aa aa
.P.P .P.P aa .P.Paa
w ww
w w ww
w wwww 2 w ww
w wwww
ww If the totalwsurface w area of a cone ofwradius w 7cm is 704 cm , then ww find its slant height. ww
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d
a l
saasExample 7.7
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
a a From a solid cylinder
.P.P a a whose height is 2.4.Pcm
.P.P aa .P.P aa .P.Paa
w ww
w w ww
w wwww.P and diameter 1.4wcm, ww
w wwww
ww a conical cavity ww of the same heightwand w base is hollowed outw(Figure). w ww
Find i . O
the
. rgrtotal
O g surface area of.the
i O . rgremaining
O rg solid. i.O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a i a i a i a i
d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa Example 7.8 ww a
.PPa a
.P.Pa .P.Paa a
.P.Pa
ww
ww
ww
wwww . ww wwww
www ww
w wwwwww
Find the diameter of a sphere whose surface area is 154 m2.
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
asall a a i l
asala a i l
asal a a i l
asala a i asla
.P.P a ad a ad
.P.P .P.P a ad .P.Pa ad
www The radiuswof wwa spherical balloon increases www from 12 cm to 16wcm wwas air being pumpedwinto wwit.
Find the
i .O . rgrratio
O g of the surface area
i .O . rgof
O rg the balloons in thei.O two
. rgrgcases.
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
.P.P aa aa
.P.P .P.P aa .P.Paa
w ww
w w ww
w wwww w ww
w wwww
ww If the basewarea w of a hemispherical solid ww is 1386 sq. metres, then ww find its total surfacewarea? w
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P aa
.P.P aa
.P.P .P.P aa .P.Paa
w ww
w Example w
7.11ww
w wwww w ww
w wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
The internal and external radii of a hollow hemispherical shell are 3 m and 5 m respectively.
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
Finda i
the T.S.A. and C.S.A. aof i the shell. a i a i
d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa .P.Paa a
.P.Pa
wwww w ww
w wwww w ww
w wwww
ww Example 7.12 w w w w ww ww
A sphere,
i . O . rgrga cylinder and a cone
O i . O . rgare
O rg of the same radius, i . O . rgrg as cone and cylinder
where
O i .O . rgrare
O g of
l a a i
al height. Find thearatio
assame l a
asaof a i
l their curved surface l a
al
asareas.a i l
asala a i asla
d a sa d sa d a sa d a sa d a s a
a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P .P.P a ad .P.Pa ad
www Example 7.13
www www www www
Thei.slantO . rgrgheight of a frustumi.O
O of. ragrcone
O g is 5 cm and the.Oradii
i . rgrgof its ends are 4 cm
O i .O . rgrg1 cm.
O
and
d a
d saasFind l
a its curved surfaceasaarea.
d d
asa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasla
aa
.P.P aa
.P.P .P.Paa .P.P aa .P.Paa
w ww
w w ww
w wwww w ww
w w www
ww ww wwPage 33
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.Oi.O ala
d
aa ad a aad ad a aad ad a aad a
d a aad a
d
w
ww w www w wwww www w www w
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
l a
Example
a i 7.14 l a a i l a a i l a a i
d adsaasa l
d adsaasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
a a An industrial metallic
.P.P .P.Pa a bucket is in the shape .P.Paofa the frustum of a right .P.Pacircular
a cone whose top .P.Paa
w ww
w w ww
w wwww w ww
w w ww
w
ww and bottomww diameters are 10 m andw4wm and whose height isw4wm. Find the curved andww total
surfacergarea rg of the bucket. i.O rgrg rgrg rgrg
a i . O
i . O a i . O a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O
d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
wwww Exercisew7.1 w ww
w wwww w ww
w w ww
w
ww w ww w w w w
1. iThe. O . rgradius
O rg and height of ia.O . rgrg are in the ratioi.O
cylinder
O 5:7
. rgrand
O g its curved surface
i . O . rgrg is 5500
area
O
l a a i
asalsq.cm. Find its radius l a a i
al height.
asand l
asal a a i l
asala a i asla
a ad
.P.P .P.Pa ad .P.Pa ad .P.Pa ad .P.Pa ad
www 2. A solidwiron ww cylinder has total surface www area of 1848 sq.m.wIts wwcurved surface area iswfive ww –
sixth rgrof
g its total surface area. rgFind
rg the radius and iheight rgrgof the iron cylinder. rgrg
l a ia. O
i . O l a ia. O
i . O l a a. O
i . O l a ia.Oi . O
d a
d
l
saas3.a The external radius d ad
and
sa l
asathe length of a hollow
d adsaaswooden
a l log are 16 cmasand
d d a
l
asa13 cm
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P aitsa thickness is 4 cm then
P.P
.If .P.Pafind
a its T.S.A. .P.Paa .P.Paa
w ww
w respectively. w ww
w w www w ww
w w ww
w
ww ww ww ww ww
4. A right angled triangle PQR where ∠Q = 90° is rotated about QR and PQ. If QR=16 cm
i .O . rgrg
O i O
.the. rgrg
O i O
.of . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa l and PR=20 cm, compare
d adsaasa l curved surface
d ad
areas
sa asa l the right circular
d a
d sa
cones
asa l so formed by
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P the triangle. .P.P aa .P.Paa .P.Paa .P.Paa
w ww
w w ww
w w www w ww
w w ww
w
ww 5. 4 persons wwlive in a conical tent whose ww slant height is 19 cm. wwIf each person requirew22 w cm 2
iof
. O . rgrgfloor area, then find
the
O i . Othe
. rgrheight
O g of the tent. i.O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a i a i a i a i
d a
d saas6.lalaA girl wishes to d a
prepare
d
a
saaslalbirthday caps in d a
thed
aslalaof right circular cones
saform d a
d
la
saaslafor her birthday d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
wwww party, using wwwwa sheet of paper whose ww w w
area is 5720 cm2, how w ww
w
many caps can be madeww wwww
with
ww ww ww ww
radius rgrg5 cm and height 12i.O cm. rgrg rgrg rgrg
l a ia. O
i . O l a a i . O l a ia. O
i . O l a ia. O
i . O
a saas7.alThe ratio of the radii a saaof
s l right circular cones
atwo a sa asaofl same height is 1:3. a saasal the ratio of
Find a saasla
d
a ad d
a ad area when the height d
a aofdeach cone is 3 times d
adradius of the smaller
athe d
a ad
w .P.P
w their curved w w P.P
.surface w .P.P
w w .P.P
w w .P.P
w
w
www w
www w
www w
www w
www
cone.
8.lalia.O . rgradius
O rg of a sphere increases i .O . rgrg by 25%. Find thei.percentage
O O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg area.
O
Thei l a a i l a a i increase inlaits a isurface
d a
d saasa d adsaasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
a a 9. The internal .and
.P.P a aexternal diameters of.Pa.P ahollow
a hemispherical .vessel a a are 20 cm and 28 .P.P aa
w ww
w w wwP.P
w w www w wwP.P
w w ww
w
ww ww
cm respectively. Find the cost towpaint w the vessel all overwatw 0.14 per cm . 2 ww
10. iThe
.O . rgfrustum
O rg shaped outeri.O . rgrg of the table lamp
portion
O i .O has
. rgrgto be painted including
O i .O . rgthe
O rg top
d a
d
l
saasa part. Find the total d adcost
l
saasaof painting the lamp d adsifaasthe l
a cost of painting 1asq.cm
d d
l
saasa is 2. d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P .P.Paa .P.Paa .P.Paa .P.Paa
w ww
w w ww
w w www w ww
w w ww
w
ww ww ww ww ww
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
a i a i a i a i
a saaslala a saaslala a saaslala a saaslala a saasla
ww
ww
ww
a
.P.Pa
d d
8.STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
wwwwww
a
.P.Pa
d d
ww
ww
ww
a
.P.Pa
d d
wwwwww
a
.P.Pa
d d
wwwwww
a
.P.Pa
d d
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
l a
al a
asExample i 8.1 l
asala a i l
asal a a i l
asala a i asla
a ad Find the range and
.P.P .P.P ad
acoefficient of range .Pthe
ofw .P
d
a afollowing data: 25, P.P
.67, ad 53, 18, 39, 44. .P.P
a 48, a ad
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
www www www www www
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasla
aa
.P.P .P.Paa .P.Paa .P.Paa .P.Paa
w ww
w w ww
w w www w ww
w w ww
w
ww ww wwPage 34
s a l alia.O
a i.O
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.Oi.O ala
s as laalia. i.O s aslaalia. i.O s a s laalia. i.O s aslaalia. i.O saasla
d
aa ad a aa d ad a aa d a
d a aad a
d a aad a
d
w
ww w www w ww w w ww ww www w
Example 8.2
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
l a
Find a i
the range of the following
l a a i distribution. l a a i l a a i
d adsaasa l
d ad saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P .P.Paa 16-18 w18-20 .P.Pa a 20-22 22-24
a a 24-26
.P.P 26-28
aa
.P.P
w ww
w Age (in w ww
years)
w ww
w wwww w ww
w
ww ww ww ww ww
Number
i . O . rgrg of students i.O
O 0O
. rgrg 4 6.OO
i . rgrg 8 2 .OO
i . rgrg 2
a i a i a i a i
d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
The range
i . O . rgrgof a set of data is i13.67
O . O . rgrgand the largest value
O i . O . rgr70.08.
is
O g Find the smallest
i . O . rgrvalue.
O g
l
asal a a i l
asala a i asall a a i l
asala a i asla
a ad
.P.P .P.Pa ad .P.Pa ad a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P
www Example www
8.4 www www www
The number
i . O . rgrg of televisions sold
O i . O . ringrgeach day of a weeki.are
O O . rg13,
O rg 8, 4, 9, 7, 12, 10. i . O .
Find
rgrg its
O
i
laala deviation. saslaala i i i
d a
d saasstandard d ad a d a
d saaslaala d a
d saaslaala d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w w www w ww
w wwww w ww
w
ww ww ww ww ww
Example 8.5
The i O rgrg of rainfall in a particular
O
.amount
. i .O . rgrg season for 6 days
O i .O . rgrggiven as 17.8 cm, 19.2
O
are i .O . rgcm,
O rg 16.3
d a
d saascm, l
a 12.5 cm, 12.8 cmaand
d d
l
saasa11.4 cm. Find its standard d a
d
l
saasa deviation. d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w w www w ww
w wwww w ww
w
ww ww ww ww ww
Example rgrg 8.6 rgrg rgrg rgrg
a i . O
i . O
lalamarks scored by 10sastudents a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O
d a
d saasThe d ad a slala in a class test d a
d saasla25,
are la 29, 30, 33, 35, 37,s38,
d a
d a
la 44, 48. Find
asla40,
d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa the standard deviation. a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa a
.P.Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
Example
i . O . rgrg8.7
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
l
asThea a i
al amount that the children l a a i
asal have spent for purchasing l a a i
asal some eatables inasaone l a a i
l trip of a
asaday asla
d a sa d a sa d a sa d d a sa
a ad
.P.P .P a ad
.P .P.Pa ad a ad
.P.P a ad
.P.P
w w w school are 5,
w w
10, w 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40.w w w
Using step deviation w w
method,
w find the standard w w w
www www www www www
deviation of the amount they have spent.
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa l
d ad saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
a a Exercise 8.4 .P.P
.P.P aa .P.Paa aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w w www w ww
w wwww w ww
w
ww ww ww ww ww
i .O . rgrg 2
O 2 i.O.O rgrg 1 i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
l a a i = = l a a i ∪ = l a a i∩ l a a i
d a
d
1.
saasa If
l P ( A )
3
, P ( B
d
)
ad saa
5sa
, lP ( A B )
3
then
d
find
a
d saasa P (
l A B ) .
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P .P.Paa aa
.P.=P .P aa
.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w 2. A and B w
arewwtwo
w events such that, w ww
P(A)
w 0.42 , P(B) = w
0.48ww,wand P ( A ∩ B ) = 0.16 w ww
w
ww ww ww ww ww
Findrg(i) rgP,(not A) (ii) P,(not
rgrg B) (iii)
rgrgP,(A or B) rgrg
a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O a i . O
i . O
laA and B are two mutually
saas3.laIf saaslala exclusive events sa a
ofaslaalrandom experimentas a
aslalP(not
and A) = saasla
a d a
d a d ad a d a
d a d d a a d a
d
ww.P.Pa 0.45, P( Aw∪wBw .)P.= a , then find P(B). .P.Pa
P0.65 ww ww.P.Pa ww.P.Pa
ww
ww www ww ww ww ww wwww
4. The probability that atleast one of A and B occur is 0.6. If A and B occur simultaneously
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
l
asal a a
with i probability 0.2, l
then
asala a i
find P ( A ) + P ( B ) . asall a a i l
asala a i asla
d a sa d a sa d a sa d a s a d a s a
a ad 5. The probability
.P.P .P.P d
aofahappening of an event .P.PaAaisd 0.5 and that of B .isP.P a adIf A and B are .P.P
0.3. a ad
www mutually w
w
wexclusive events, then find
wwwthe probability that neither www A nor B happen. www
i
6.laTwo.O . rgdice
O rg are rolled once.i.Find O . rgrthe
O g probability of getting
i .O . rgrgan even number oni.O
O .
the rgrfirst
O g die or
a i l a a i l a a i l a a i
d a
d
l
saasaa total of face sumda8. d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
d adsaasla
aa
.P.P aa
.P.P
w ww
w w www w ww
w wwww w ww
w
ww ww wwPage 35
s a l alia.O
a i.O
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.Oi.O ala
s as laalia. i.O s aslaalia. i.O s as laalia. i.O s as laalia. i.O saasla
d
aa ad a aa d a
d a aa d ad a aa d a
d a aad a
d
w
ww w ww w w wwww ww w w wwww
7. From a well-shuffled pack of 52 cards, a card is drawn at random. Find the probability of
i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d adsaasa it
l being either a red
d a
d
king
saasa or
l a black queen.
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
a a 8. A box contains
.P.P a a numbered 3, 5, 7,.P9,
.P.cards
P aa .P.P a a at random from the.P.P aa
w ww
w w ww
w wwww.P… 35, 37. A cardwisw wdrawn
w wwww
ww box. ww ww ww ww
Find
i . O . rgthe
O rg probability that the i . O . rgrg card have eitheri.O
drawn
O . rgrg of 7 or a prime
multiples
O i . O . rgrg
number.
O
ala i a a i a
lala i a i
d a
d saas9.laThree unbiased d
coinsa
d slaltossed
saaare once. Find d a saasprobability
the
d of getting d a saaslala2 tails or
atmost
d d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa .P.Paa a
.P.Pa .P.Paa a
.P.Pa
wwww atleast 2ww wwww
heads. wwww wwww wwww
ww ww ww ww
10. i .
TheO . rgprobability
O rg that a person i . O . rgwill
O rg get an electrification i . O . rgrcontract
O g 3
is and athe i . O rgrg
O
probability
.
l
asal a a i l
asala a i l
asal a a i 5 sasal l a i asla
d a sa d a sa d a sa d a a d a sa
a ad
.P.P .P.P a ad .P.Pa5 ad .P.P a ad a ad
.P.P
www that he www
will not get plumbing www 8
contract is . The probability www of getting atleast one www
contract
i .O 5.Orgrg i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa 7 l
is .
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P .P.P aa .P.Paa .P.P aa aa
.P.P
w ww
w What is w
the wprobability
w w that he will wwww
get both? w ww
w wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
11. In argtown rg of 8000 people,i.O 1300rgrgare over 50 years iand rg3000
rg are females. It iis.O known
rgrg that
i . O
i . O i . O . O
i . O i . O
d a
d saaslaa30%
la of the females are
d a
d
ala 50 years. What issathe
saaslaover d ad a
aa
slalprobability that a chosen
d a
d saaslaalaindividual d a
d saasla
aa
.P.P from the town aeither
.Pis.P a a female or over a ayears?
.P.50
P .P.P aa aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w wwww w ww
w wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
12. A coin is tossed thrice. Find the probability of getting exactly two heads or atleast one tail
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O
aor i consecutive two heads. a i a i a i
d a
d saaslala d a
d saaslala d a
d saasla
a
.P.Pa 13. If A, B, C are .P.Paa
any three events such that a
.P.Paprobability of B is .P.Pa
twice a as that of probability of a
.P.Pa
ww ww ww ww 1 w w
A and probability of C is thrice as that of probability of A and if P( A ∩ B) =,
i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rgrg
O i . O . rg6rg
O
l
asal a a i l a
asal 1 a i l
as9ala a i l a a i asla
a sa 1 a sa a sa 1asaasal a s a
P( B ∩= a(aAd∩= , P( A ∪ BP
.= ∪ ad) 10 , P( A ∩ B= ∩ CP
d
a ad C) d aC d a15d
ad, then find d
a ad
w .P.P
w w 4w.,P.PP C)
8 w w .P w . ) .P
w ww.P.P
w
www wwww w
www wwww w
www
P(A) , P(B) and P(C) ?
i .O . rgrg of 35, studentsi.are
aOclass O . Ogrg
rnumbered i .O . O grg
rThe i .O . rgisrg4:3. The
O
14.
l a In
a i l a a i from 1 to l a 35.
a i ratio of boys tolagirls a i
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasla
aa
.P.P roll numbers of .P.P astudents
a begin with boys .P.Paand
a end with girls. Find .P.P athe
a probability that a .P.P aa
w ww
w w ww
w wwww w ww
w wwww
ww student w w
selected is either a boy with ww prime roll number orwawgirl with composite rollww
number
i .O . rgrg or an even roll number.
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasla
aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w wwww w ww
w wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
SHRI KRISHNA ACADEMY
i . O
i . rgrg
O i . O
i . rgrg
O i . O
i . rgrg
O i . O
i . rgrg
O
a
lala a a a
da saasMATHS BOOK BACK d a slala MARK for TEST
saaONE d a
lala
sa,asMATHS QUESTION d a aslala FOR ALL asaasla
saBANK
a d
.P.Pa CHAPTERS w a d
Pa , CREATIVE w
.P.TEST a d
.P.PaMARK MATERIALS .P.Paa d adad
.P.P
www w ww for
w wwONE
w www w wwww
ww ww ww ww ww
for X, XI, XII.
 CREATIVE i . O . rgrg QUESTIONS i,MATERIALS(GUIDE),
O . O . rgrg
O i . FULL
O . rgrg TEST QUESTION
O i .O . rgPAPERS
O rg
l a a i
al MARK TEST QUESTION
as,ONE l
asala a i l a
asaXI,l a i l a a
asinalALL i asla
d a sa d a sa PAPER for
d a saX, XII AVAILABLE d a sa d a s a
a ad
.P.P .P.P a ad .P.Pa ad .P.P a ad a ad
.P.P
w
www
w w SUBJECTS. wwww w w w
www
w w wwww w w w
www
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i . O . Ogrg For MORE DETAILS

r i . O . rgrg - 99655 31727
O i . O . rgrg, 99768 73243
O i .O . rgrg
O
d a
d saasa l
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasa l
d a
d saasa l
d adsaasla
aa
.P.P
w ww
w w ww
w wwww w ww
w wwww
ww ww wwPage 36
r gr g r gr g r gr g r g r g
s a l alia.O
a i.O
s a laalia.O i.O
s a laalia.Oi.O
s a laalia.Oi.O ala

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s aslaalia. i.O s aslaalia. i.O s aslaalia. i.O s aslaalia. i.

l a ia.Oi . 1.RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

a i . Oi . O 2.NUMBERS AND SEQUENCES

polei.isO.O rgrg by ab metres

l a ia.Oi . Orgrg 5. COORDINATE GEOMETRY l a ia.Oi. Orgrg

rgrg rgrg rgrg 2 23 2

i . O . Ogrg For MORE DETAILS

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