SENTENCES WITH REDUCED CLAUSES. It is possible in English for a clause to appear in a complete form or in a reduced form, My friend should be on the train och by artving athe station mow, Although ¥ 0s not aly fica, the exam took lot of ime The first sentence shows an adjective clause in its complete form, whichis arvioing atthe station now, and in its reduced form, arriving atthe tation now. The second sentence shows an adverb clause in its complete form, although it was not really difficult, and its reduced Form, although not rally difcute ‘The two types of clauses that can reduce in English are: (1) adjective clauses and (2) adverb clauses, Ics important to become familiar with these redueed clauses USE REDUCED ADJECTIVE CLAUSES CORRECTLY Adjective clauses can appear in a reduced form. In the reduced form, the adjective clause ‘connector and the beverb that directly follow it are omitted. “The woman a saving usis the tour guide. The letter shih ste at nek aved tay. “The pitener thay onthe tales ul of fed ta, Each of these sentences may be used in the complete form or in the reduced form. In the reduced form the connector whe, which, or thatis omitted along with the heverb igor eas. I there is no Beverb in the adjective clause, itis sil possible to have a reduced form. ‘When there is no beverb in the adjective clause, the connector is omitted and the verb is c’hanged into the ng form.opting 1 don'tundersand the article ich apron tay’ per In this example there is no beverb in dhe adjective clause ahich appears in today’s paper so the connector which is omited and the main verb appears changed to the -ing form eppearing Teshould be noted that not all adjective clauses can appear in @ reduced form. An ade Jective clause can appear in a reduced form only i the adjective clause connector is fo Towed direetly by a verb. In other words, an adjective elause can only be reduced ifthe connector is also a subject ‘The woman that Just mets the tour gude, (das mat reduc) ‘The Fewer which you sent meartived yesterday. (das nal edu) In these two examples the adjective clauses cannot be reduced because the adjective clause connectors that and which are not directly followed by verbs Hat is directly fol- Towed by the subject /, and whichis directly followed by the subject you ‘A final point to note is that some adjective clauses are set off from the rest of the sere tence with commas, and these adjective clauses can also be reduced. In addition, when an adjective clause is set off with commas, the reduced adjective clause can appear at the front ofthe sentence.“The White House, shich is lost in Weshingan isthe home ofthe president, “The White House, ised in Nashinglon, the home ofthe president ovate Washingt, the White Howe ithe home of the present. “The present, sho i no roprg ta give spc, is meeting with hiss ‘The president, naw reporing a give seh is meeting wit his adsors Now preparingto cea such the president is meeting with his advisors. In these two examples, the adjective clauses are set off from the res ofthe sentence with ‘commas, o each sentence can be structured in three different ways: (1) with the com- plete clause, (2) with the reduced clause following the noun that it describes, and (3) With the reduced clause atthe beginning ofthe sentence. Example on several ciferent television programs, the witness gave ‘Geallicting accounts of what had happened (8) He appeared (8) Who appeared (6). Appearing (0) Appears In this example, answer (A) is incorrect because there are no causes, He appear... and Je witness eave... , and there is no connector to join them, Answer (B) is incorreet because an adjective clause such as who appeared cannot appear atthe beginning ofa sentence (unless i is in a reduced form). Answer (C) is the correct answer because ic is the re- ‘duced form of the elanse who appeared, and this reduced form ean appear atthe front of the sentence. Answer (D) isnot the ceduced form of a verb; its merely a verb inthe pre sent tense; a verb such as appears needs a subject and a connector to be correct,The following chart lst the structure for reduces adjective elauses and rules for how and when reduced forms can be used REDUCED ADJECTIVE CLAUES Se Gopcnecoremctosiercy bana ve) ah ay tee adjective cause conaecor/subject apd the be-verb * tithe sno be-verb.omethe connectorsubect and change ehe main vb 0 the “ng form, *Ony reduce anasjecve case I the connector subjects direct flowed bythe verb. + Wan a|octne dause fst off with comias.the reduced luse Gn be moved t the fron oftheServing stem offour years, the mayor ofthe town wil fae relecton next year ‘The brand new Caza, purchasing less chan ovo weeks ayo, was destroyed inthe accident ‘The fans who supporting ther team always come out tothe games in large numbers. “The suspect can be seen inthe photographs were jut eleaed bythe police ‘The food placing on the pienic table attracted a large numberof fies, Impressed with everything she had heard about the course, Maric signed her children up for i The passengersin the airport waiting room, heard the announcement ofthe canceled fight, groaned audibl. 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