INDIVIDUAL RESEARCH PAPER

CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF MIGRATION FROM DARA

ADAM KHEL F.R KOHAT TO PESHAWAR CITY

78th Pre- Service Course for PMS & ETO’s Govt of KPK

By

SAJAD HUSSAIN, C-78th PMS OFFICER

A paper submitted to the Faculty of the National Management College, Lahore

(or National Institute of Management, Karachi, as the case may be), in partial
fulfillment of the requirements of the 78th PMS Course.

The paper is the end product of my own efforts, research and writing and has
not, in whole or in part, been submitted elsewhere for assessment and its contents are
not plagiarized. The paper reflects my own views and is not necessarily endorsed by
the faculty or the College (or the Institute, as the case may be).

Signature…………………
Date: ………………….
Paper supervised by:
Mr. Turab Khan Jadoon
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

All thanks are for Allah Almighty who enabled me to complete this
manuscript and all respects for the Holy Prophet (PBUH), who is an everlasting
model of guidance and knowledge for humanity.
I wish to express my profound indebtedness to my advisor Mr. Turab Khan
Jadoon, Instructor, Pakistan Provincial Services Academy Peshawar, whose
constructive criticism, dynamic supervision, enthusiastic guidance, keen interest and
technical help enabled me to evaluate and technically monitor this paper.
Special thanks to my friends PMS BATCH C-78 for moral and physical
support during the completion of my task.
Special mention must be made of my late parents, my brothers and sisters who
help me and support me in the successful completion of my task.
At last again special thanks to Mr. Turab Khan Jadoon sir.

(Sajad Hussain Afridi PMS)

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 ABSTRACT

Migration is the movement of individual or groups of individuals from an area

to another area. The present study was initiated during the year 2018 to find out the
causes and effects of rural urban migration. Dara Adam Khel was purposively
selected in which 125 respondents were contacted through interview schedule. The
study reveals that majority of the respondents have migrated for the business /
employment opportunities and due to low income and poverty in rural areas. After
migration the monthly income and education ratio of majority respondents have
significantly increased. After migration majority of the respondents were living in
nuclear family system with average family composition of 6 persons. Majority of the
respondents have migrated along with their families during the year 2008_2010. After
migration majority of the respondents were labours and living in rented houses.
Significant changes have occurred in the pre and post migration facilities available to
the respondents. Majority of the respondents have not changed their traditional types
of dresses and purdah system while most of them have favoured the females’ job.
Most of the respondents were facing some problems like accommodation, water
supply and sanitation/ drainage etc. in the urban community. It was recommended that
the rural urban migration can be controlled by providing employment opportunities
and economic activities in the rural areas and the problems of migrated people can be
overcome by providing better housing and social services to them.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.# SECTIONS PAGE #

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i
ABSTRACT ii
Section-I
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Statement of Problem and Justification 2
1.2 Research Question 3
1.3 Hypothesis 3
1.4 Objectives 3
1.5 Study Area 4
Section-II
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 5
2.1 Variables 6
2.2 Data Collections 6
2.3 Analysis 7
Section-III
3 LITERATURE REVIEW 8
Section-IV
4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 17
4.1 Introduction 17
4.2 Age of the Respondents 17
4.3 Marital Status 18
4.4 Educational Level of the Respondents 18
4.5 Migration with Family or Alone and the Period of Migration 19
4.6 Causes of Migration 19
4.7 Pre and Post Migration Monthly Income of the Migrants 20
4.8 Pre and Post Monthly Expenditure of the Respondents 21
4.9 Effects of the Migration on the Number of Earning Members 22
4.10 Pre and Post Migration Family System 22
4.11 Number of Family Members per Household after Migration 23
4.12 Present and Previous Occupation of the Respondents 23
4.13 Pre and Post House Conditions of the Respondents 25
4.14 Pre and Post House Possession of the Respondents 25
4.15 Existing Facilities Before and After Migration 26
4.16 Migration Effect on Respondent Education Ratio 26
4.17 Major Problem Faced by Migrants in the Urban Area 27
4.18 Change in Dress/Purdah with Migration 28
4.19 Trend regarding Female Job 28
4.20 Verification of Hypothesis 28

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 Section-V
5 Summary, Conclusions & Recommendations
5.1 Summary 30
5.2 Conclusions 31
5.3 Recommendation 32
Section-IV
6 REFERENCES 33
INTERVIEW SCHEDULE 35