CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study:
Over the years, several efforts have been made to ease the burden on examination officers when
it comes to computation of results. In higher institutions, the result computation produces
information to the administrator. The computations obtained are used to check the result of each
member participating in the system.

It is a firm fact that after every assessment or computation by the administrator, output must be
obtained. In any higher institutions, there is need to have record of every input to ensure every
participant has his/her result and to generate transcript whenever the need arises.

To achieve this in higher institution, it involves registration of the student which includes the
student’s personal data, the faculty, course of study, and so on. However, the problem is how to
carry out these activities presently, and all stages are handled by the examination officer.

Because of the fact that the world is becoming more and more computerized, there is need for
the implementation of this system because of the manual method in the checking of examination
result.
Therefore, the introduction of Online Students Result Checker will reduce the burden of manual
result checking to the nearest minimum. This project is going to deliver a well-articulated report
of Online Students Result Checker.

The system/software will be design or developed using HTML, CSS, PHP and SQL.
HTML and CSS are used for designing the interface while PHP is the script language and SQL is
to create database as the back end.

1
1.2 Statement of the Problem:
The Students are facing difficulties in checking their Examination results manually, because of
lack of computerized method that will help to upload the student result online.
 Inefficiency in sharing information amongst lecturers and even students
 Inefficiency in checking the result for students
 Data storage problems
 Human error in creating, using and maintaining data

1.3 Aim Objectives of Study:

The aim and objectives for students’ examination result is to study and document all
processes involved in the task of generating students’ examination result and eliminate errors
due to manual result checking. It also aims at designing and implementation of Student
Examination Result checking that will supersede the manual method of checking students’
results, it is also to enhance the speed of the results.
Finally to keep accurate record of students examination results in the school and prevent loss
of result, which are vital to the exams and records.

1.4 Justification of the Study:

Because of the fact that the world is becoming more and more computerized, there is need
for the implementation of this system because of the manual method of checking result and
lack of track of students’ results and their CGPA. This study enable staff knows where the
student’s Cumulative Grade-Point Average (CGPA) fall in the class of Diploma/NCE and
Degree also enable students know their grades. There is need for this study to be
implemented because of its benefits and functions.

2
1.5 Scope and Limitation of Study:
The implementation of Online Student Result Checker covers what the entire examination officer
will document manually in order to generate the transcript for the students all over Katsina State
Institute of Technology and Management (KSITM).
The limitations of this project are on the following:
 Lack of constant power supply
 Financial limitation
 Lack of the needed materials

1.6 Definition of Terms

During the execution of the project there are some relevant words that are used in the study
which are important to Explain. They are as follows:
COURSE: This is a programme of study or training, especially one that leads to a degree or
certificate from an educational institution; or a unit of study relating to a specific academic
discipline.
GPA: (Grade-Point Average): Is a system of judging a student’s performance in Tertiary
Institution.
CGPA :( Cumulative Grade Point Average):Is a measurement of average grade point obtain by
the student in all semester.
SOFTWARE: The program and other operating information used by computer; also a set of
programs written to carry out some task in the computer. Logical related programs that works
together to control hardware.
STUDENTS EXAMINATION RESULT: An official record of student’s work that show the
courses they have taken and the marks they have achieved.
DESIGN: The art or process of deciding how something will look, works etc.
STUDENT: A person who studies in a secondary or tertiary institution.
FACULTY: A group of related departments in an institution or university.
DEPARTMENT: This is a smaller subset within a faculty in charge of a course of study.
SEMESTER: A semester system divides the academic year into two terms when the students
are in school.

3
DATABASE: It is a systematically arranged collection of computer data, structured so that it
can be automatically retrieved or manipulated.
TRANSCRIPT A copy of a student’s permanent academic record which usually means all
courses taken, all grade received, all honors received and degrees conferred to a student.
PHP :( Hypertext Preprocessor) is a server scripting language, and a powerful tool for making
dynamic and interactive Web pages.

HTML :( Hyper Text Markup Language): is the standard markup language for creating Web
pages .Browsers do not display the HTML tags, but use them to render the content of the page

CSS :( Cascading Style Sheet) is a plain text file format used for formatting content on web
pages. And is used by web pages to help keep information in the proper display format.
SQL: (Structured Query Language): SQL is used to communicate with a database. According
to ANSI (American National Standards Institute),it is the standard language for
relational database management systems.

4
5