DAM IS A BOON FOR EVERY LIVING BEING BUT IT MAY TURN INTO A DESTROYER IF NOT TAKEN CARE OFF WHY BOON? DAMS PROVIDE NUMEROUS BENEFITS, INCLUDING: ‘+ DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY + FLOOD CONTROL + HYDROELECTRIC POWER GENERATION + IRRIGATION + RECREATION ‘+ CONTRIBUTED TO NATION'S GROWTH WHY DESTROYER? DAMS BECOMES DESTROYER WHEN FAILURES ‘OCCURS. FOLIWING COMMON CASUES OF DAM FAILURE: + DESIGN ERROR ‘+ SEEPAGE THAT CAUSES EROSION OF THE FOUNDATION OR THE DAM + POOR INVESTIGATION ‘+ EXTREME WATER INFLOW FROM PROLONGED RAINFALL AND INADEQUATE SPILLWAY CAPACITY ‘TO PASS THE FLOOD CAUSED OVERTOPPING ‘+ EARTHQUAKE EVENT ‘+ POOR MAINTENANCE OR EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONDAM SAFETY ACT, 2021 - INDIA ‘THE PARLIAMENT OF INDIA HAS ENACTED THE “DAM SAFETY ACT, 2021 TO PROVIDE FOR SERVEILLANCE, INSPECTION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF THE SPECIFIED DAM FOR PREVENTION OF DAM FAILURE RELATED DISASTERS AND TO PROVIDE FOR INSTITUTIONAL (MECHANISM TO ENSURE THEIR SAFE FUNCTIONING AND RELATED MATTERS.” No, 41 oF 2021 e e ste 1AM T,202 The Garete of Fadia THE DAM SAFETY ACT, 2021 An Act w provide for surveillance, inspection. operation and maintenance of the ecified dam for prevention of dam failure related disasters and to provide for institutional mechanism to ensure thet safe functioning and for matters connected therewith or incidental theretoDAM SAFETY — ENSURES SAFETY FOR ALL DAM SAFETY CONCEPT IS BECOME NECESSITY AND IT COMPRISED OF THE FOLLOWING: + STRUCTURAL SAFETY: DESIGN OF DAM ACCORDING TO STATE-OF- PRACTICE ~ DAM SAFETY MONITORING: DAM INSTRUMENTATION, VISUAL rl INSPECTIONS, DATAANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION, DAM SAFETY Fi\, 190% MANAGENENT SYSTEM + OPERATIONAL SAFETY AND MAINTENANCE: RESERVOIR OPERATION UNDER NORMAL AND UNUSUAL CONDITIONS, QUALIFIED STAFF, WORKING OF SOFTWARES AND SYSTEMS, MAINTENANCE. + EMERGENCY PLANNING: EMERGENCY ACTION PLANS, WATER ALARM SYSTEMS, DAM BREACH ANALYSIS, EVACUATION PLANS ETC,[ere ore WHY DYNAMIC ANALYSIS ? + AFTER IMPLICATION OF DAM SAFETY ACT 2021, STRUCTURAL REVIEW/ DESIGN OF ALL CONSTRUCTED AND PROPOSED TO BE CONSTRUCTED DAMS BECOMES NECESSARY ACCORDING TO STATE-OF-PRACTICE. + PSEUDO-STATIC DESIGN METHOD IS NOW OBSOLETE AND IT DOES NOT PROPERLY REFLECT THE FOUNDATION - DAM STRUCTURE INTERACTIONS UNDER HIGH-RISK SEISMIC REGIONS. + DYNAMIC ANALYSIS CONSIDERING THE ACTUAL GROUND MOTION TIME HISTORY DATA PROVIDES ACCURATE REPRESENTATION THE DAM FOUNDATION-STRUCTURE INTERACTION EFFECTS.NUMERICAL MODELLING OF DAM-FOUNDATION SYSTEM — MIDAS FEA NXDAM-FOUNDATION SYSTEM WHEN FOUNDATION ROCK IS CONSIDERED IN FEM ANALYSES, ‘TWO MAIN APPROACHES EXISTS TO MODEL THE ROCK: 1. MASSLESS FOUNDATION Reservoir 2. FOUNDATION WITH MASS 1. MASSLESS FOUNDATION + FTISAN WELL ESTABUSHED & STANDARD METHOD Fomison CONSIDERED WEIS INERTIA AND DAMPING EFECTSNUMERICAL MODELLING OF DAM-FOUNDATION SYSTEM — MIDAS FEA NX BOUNDARY CONDITION ~ ‘+ THE FOUNDATION MESH NEEDS TO BE EXTENDED A DISTANCE AT LEAST EQUAL TO THE DAM HEIGHT IN THE UPSTREAM, DOWNSTREAM, AND DOWNWARD DIRECTIONS. (Ref 2-12 0.2 of £M 1110-2-6051) ‘+ THE BASE OF THE FOUNDATION MESH ARE FIXED AGAINST ALL ‘TRANSLATIONAL AND ROTATIONAL DEGREES OF FREEDOM, (Ref. 2-12 0.2 of EM 1110-2-6051) ‘+ALL LATERAL FACES OF THE FOUNDATION WERE CONSTRAINED BY DEFINING RESTRAINTS THAT PROHIBIT OUT-OF-PLANE DISPLACEMENTS. (Ref. 2-12 0.2 of £M 11102-6052) ‘+ AN INTERFACE ELEMENT AT THE INTERFACE OF ROCK-MASS AND DAM BLOCK FOUNDATION HAS BEEN CONSIDERED.2. FOUNDATION WITH MASS ‘+ THE INPUT EARTHQUAKE MOTION CHANGES AND AMPLIFIES WHILE MOVING THROUGH THE ROCK MASS. = IN + COMPUTATION OF THE BEDROCK MOTION USED AS INPUTATTHE | yf | = \ BOTTOM OF THE FOUNDATION FROM THE KNOWN MOTION AT ‘THE SURFACE IS CALLED DECONVOLUTION, + IN ORDER TO CREATE A FINITE OOMAIN THAT CAN BE TREATED AS. | -a fy INFINITE IN A MODEL WITH MASS FOUNDATION, WAVE it f REFLECTION SHOULD BE AVOIDED AT THE TRUNCATED a BOUNDARIES. SS + FOR THIS PURPOSE, VISCOUS BOUNDARY IS SIMULATED ON [ARTIFICIAL BOUNDARY NODES BY SETTING A SERIES OF FREQUENCY INDEPENDENT VISCOUS DAMPING ELEMENTS TO | maaSLESS FOUNDATION HAS BEEN ‘ABSORB THE WAVE ENERGY. CONSIDERED FOR NUMERICAL MODELLING OF + COMPUTATIONALLY MORE DEMANDING AND DIFFICULT TO DAM.FOUNDATION SYSTEM IMPLEMENT. ‘+ THE BENEFIT OF THE MODEL IS A MORE ACCURATE REPRESENTATION OF ACTUAL BEHAVIOUR OF THE WHOLE DAM- RESERVOIR-FOUNDATION SYSTEM.NUMERICAL MODELLING OF DAM-FOUNDATION SYSTEM — MIDAS FEA NX SEISMIC DESIGN 1. DESIGN EARTHQUAKE CRITERIA ‘+ OPERATING BASIS EARTHQUAKE (OBE) : AN EARTHQUAKE THAT CAN REASONABLY BE EXPECTED TO OCCUR WITHIN THE SERVICE LIFE OF THE PROLECT. ‘+ MAXIMUM DESIGN EARTHQUAKE (MDE): THE MAXIMUM LEVEL OF GROUND MOTION FOR WHICH A STRUCTURE IS DESIGNED OR EVALUATED. (Ref. 1-7a of EM 1110-2-6051) 2. METHOD OF ANALYSIS: ‘THE TIME-HISTORY METHOD OF ANALYSIS IS USED TO COMPUTE DEFORMATIONS, STRESSES, AND SECTION FORCES MORE ACCURATELY BY CONSIDERING THE TIME-DEPENDENT NATURE OF THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKE GROUND MOTION. THIS METHOD ALSO BETTER REPRESENTS THE FOUNDATION-STRUCTURE INTERACTION EFFECTS, (Ref. 1-7b of EM 1110-2-6051) (MESH SIZE FOR FEM MODEL HYBRID MESHER OF MESH SIZE 1.0 M FOR SPILLWAY BODY AND LARGER MESH SIZE FOR SURROUNDING ROCK-MASS,MATERIAL PROPERTIES — CONCRETE ‘+ THE CONCRETE STRENGTH IS INCREASED DURING RAPID LOADING, THEREFORE IT IS NORMAL TO INCREASE THE STRENGTH OF THE CONCRETE AND THE ELASTIC MODULUS BY 15-25 36 FOR DYNAMIC ANALYSES, ‘+ HERE FOR FEM ANALYSIS, LINEAR ELASTIC PROPERTIES HAS BEEN CONSIDERED. SINCE SPILLWAY MASS CONCRETE IS COMBINATION OF M25 & M15 CONCRETE GRADE, BEING CONSERVATIVE M15 CONCRETE GRADE USED FOR FEM ANALYSIS = —— =o 5 Gereal Thema Tine Dependant Tampere pant Sans Mata) 1364 mt Pim as) oy woh 285 WnETEFOUNDATION ROCK-MASS + LINEAR ELASTIC PROPERTIES HAS BEEN CONSIDERED. * BASED ON THE AVAILABLE IN-SITU INVESTIGATION RESULTS, FOLLOWING PROPERTIES HAS BEEN ADOPTED FOR DAM FOUNDATION MATERIAL: Deformation Modulus 6.52 Gpa Cohesion (kg/cm?) 4.96 Angle of Internal Friction (@) 39,69 DAMPING PROPERTIES — + GENERALLY DAMPING RATIO RANGING 5-10 % 15 OFTEN USED + HERE, THE DAMPING RATIO 5 PERCENT IS ADOPTED FOR THE DBE LOAD CASE AND 10% FOR THE MCE LOAD CASE.‘THE DAM IS SUBJECTED TO THE FOLLOWING TYPES OF Loaps: A. STATIC LOADS: 1. DEADLOAD Mrdostate 2. HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE a Hb 3, UPLIFT PRESSURE. a a om 4, SILT PRESSURE Uplit PressuB, DYNAMIC LOADS: 2. HYDRPDYNAMIC WATER PRESSURE + WESTERGAARD SIMPLE ADDED MASS APPROACH CONSIDERED AS PER IS. 1893:1984 Typica, ~~ “TvPicat Pri Bee FGh “StacnanB, DYNAMIC LOADS: 1. GROUND MOTION CHARACTERISTICS. = ae BASED ON SITE SPECIFIC DESIGN EARTHQUAKE || fx yr) Ono PARAMETER STUDY REPORT, DATA FOR TIME HISTORY OF EARTHQUAKE GROUND MOTION NORMALIZED TO UNIT ZPA ARE TAKEN FOR THE DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF THE DAM, FOR MCE AND DBE TIME HISTORY ANALYSIS, GROUND MOTION DATA HAS BEEN MULTIPLIED BY PGA VALUES 0.36g AND 0.185 RESPECTIVELY FOR HORIZONTAL ‘COMPONENTS AND 0.24g AND 0.128 RESPECTIVELY FOR VERTICAL COMPONENTS. ‘TOTAL 400-TIME STEPS ARE CONSIDERED IN THE ANALYSIS WITH CONSIDERATION OF TIME PERIOD BETWEEN 0 ‘SECONDS TO 20 SECONDS AS THE ACCELERATION VALUES IN TIME HISTORY CURVE TOUCHES MAXIMUM WITHIN THIS RANGE.Load Combratn lee care Resarvor aL, Naa year Sr avons) Contino 8, wh Emthqnke Deserpton Cambinason 6 But win Extreme Up Combination €, But with Extreme Ui (Oran ineperatve) Combinaton ©, win EemhquakeDEMAND-CAPACITY RATIO (DCR) FOR GRAVITY DAM ITs DEFINED AS THE RATIO OF THE CALCULATED PRINCIPAL STRESS TO TENSILE STRENGTH OF THE CONCRETE. THE ALLOWABLE TENSILE STRENGTH SHALL BE AS PER IS 6512-2019 (THE MAXIMUM PERMITTED DCR FOR LINEAR ANALYSIS OF DAMS IS 1 FOR DBE CONDITION & 2 FOR MCE CONDITION, © DcR>1, WILL START TO EXHIBIT NONLINEAR CUMULATIVE INELASTIC DURATION eee = = NONLINEAR BEHAVIOUR IS CONSIDERED = [ACCEPTABLE IF THE OCR <2 & THE a ‘CUMULATIVE DURATION OF STRESS Ua EXCURSIONS BEYOND THE TENSILE i STRENGTH OF THE CONCRETE FALLS BELOW 3 ‘THE PERFORMANCE CURVE. we 22 GL WHEN THESE PERFORMANCE CONDITIONS ARE NOT MET, THEN A NON-LINEAR TIME HERE, FOR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS, NON-LINEAR ANALYSIS APPROACH HAS BEEN CONSIDERED. HISTORY ANALYSIS '6 REQUIREDSe epee ecenen | NON-LINEAR ANALYSIS AND RESULTS — MIDAS FEA NX LOAD COMBINATION - G (DYNAMIC ANALYSIS) a [RESULTS OF TIME HISTORY DISPLACEMENTSLOAD COMBINATION - G (DYNAMIC ANALYSIS) RESULTS OF TIME HISTORY STRESSES - HEEL CORNER PORTIONNON-LINEAR ANALYSIS AND RESULTS - MIDAS FEA NX LOAD COMBINATION ~G RESULTS OF TIME HISTORY STRESSES 7a LOAD COMBINATION --G FOUNDATION BASE PRESSURE Pare « or