BHAARATH PUBLIC SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL – CBSE

ITO CAMPUS, PALANI-624 601

CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

ON
COMPARATIVE STUDY AND QUALITATIVE
ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENTBRANDS OF
COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN MARKET

1
INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER PRINCIPAL

INTRODUCTION

NAME : C.S.NANTHINI

GRADE : XII

ENROLLMENT NO. :

DATE :

2
YEAR : 2023 -2024

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that C.S.Nanthini of Class - XII has

satisfactorily completed her Chemistry Investigatory Project on
the topic “COMPARATIVE STUDY AND QUALITATIVE
ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF
COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN MARKET” with the
guidance of Mrs.C.M.Vasuki (P.G.T – Chemistry), during the
academic session 2023-2024 as per the guidelines issues by
Central Board of Secondary Examination 2023-24.

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 Acknowledgement

I would like to express my special Thanks of gratitude to my

Chemistry teacher Mrs.C.M.Vasuki , as well as our
Principal who gave me this opportunity to do this
wonderful project work on topic “COMPARATIVE
STUDY AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF
DIFFERENTBRANDS OF COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN
MARKET” which also helped me doing a lot of research and I
came to know about many new things related to this topic. I am
really thankful to my parents and my friends who helped
me with their suggestions that have been helpful in
finalizing this project within the limited time. In the end, I

4
would wish to thank everyone, who motivated me to continue
my work.

INDEX
S.NO CONTENT PAGE.NO
1. AIM 6
2. PURPOSE 6
3. INTRODUCTION 7
4. THEORY 8
5. APPARATUS 9
6. DETECTION OF pH VALUE 10
7. TEST FOR CARBON 11
DIOXIDE

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 8. TEST FOR GLUCOSE 12
9. TEST FOR ALCOHOL 13
10. TEST FOR PHOSPHATE 14
11. TEST FOR SUCROSE 15
12. RESULT 16
13. CONCLUSION 17
14. BIBLIOGRAPHY 18

AIM
Comparative Study and Qualitative Analysis of Different
Brands of Cold Drinks available in Market.

PURPOSE
In recent days, soft drink brands have been put into various
questions regarding their purity. News flashed that they contain
harmful pesticides which aroused interest in knowing about the
composition of these drinks consumed highly worldwide. I
wanted to confirm if the claims were true. Another fact that
made me to do so was this that I am in touch with the

6
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS. SO I choose this project on
DETERMINATION OF CONTENTS OF COLD DRINKS out
of curiosity.

7
In recent days, soft
drink brands were
put
into various
questions regarding
their
purity. News
flashed that they
contain
8
harmful pesticide,
wh
In recent days, soft
drink brands were
put
into various
questions regarding
their

9
purity. News
flashed that they
contain
harmful pesticide,
wh
In recent days, soft
drink brands were
put

10
into various
questions regarding
their
purity. News
flashed that they
contain
harmful pesticide,
wh

11
In recent days, soft
drink brands were put
into various questions
regarding their
purity. News flashed
that they contain
harmful pesticide, wh
In recent days, soft
drink brands were
put
12
into various
questions regarding
their
purity. News
flashed that they
contain
harmful pesticide,
wh

13
In recent days, soft
drink brands were
put
into various
questions regarding
their
purity. News
flashed that they
contain
14
harmful pesticide,
wh
In recent days, soft
drink brands were
put
into various
questions regarding
their

15
purity. News
flashed that they
contain
harmful pesticide,
wh
In recent days, soft
drink brands were
put

16
into various
questions regarding
their
purity. News
flashed that they
contain
harmful pesticide,
wh

17
In recent days, soft
drink brands were
put
into various
questions regarding
their
purity. News
flashed that they
contain
18
harmful pesticide,
wh
In recent days, soft
drink brands were
put
into various
questions regarding
their

19
purity. News
flashed that they
contain
harmful pesticide,
wh
In recent days, soft
drink brands were
put

20
into various
questions regarding
their
purity. News
flashed that they
contain
harmful pesticide,
wh

21
In recent days, soft
drink brands were
put
into various
questions regarding
their
purity. News
flashed that they
contain
22
harmful pesticide,
wh
INTRODUCTION

The era of cold drinks began in 1952 but the

industrialization in India marked its beginning with
launching of Limca and Goldspot by parley group of companies.
Since, the beginning of cold drinks was highly profitable
and luring, many multinational companies launched their
brands in India like Pepsi and Coke. Nowadays, it is
observed in general that majority of people viewed Sprite,
Miranda and Limca to give feeling of lightness, while Pepsi
and Thumps Up to activate pulse and brain. Soft drink, any of
a class of nonalcoholic beverages, usually but not necessarily
carbonated, normally containing a natural or artificial
sweetening agent, edible acids, natural or artificial flavours, and
sometimes juice. The term soft drink was originated to
distinguish the flavoured drinks from hard liquor, or distilled
spirits. The sweetener may be a sugar, high-fructose corn
syrup, fruit juice, a sugar substitute (in the case of diet sodas), or
some combination of these. Soft drinks may also
contain caffeine, colorings, preservatives and other ingredients.

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 THEORY
Cold drinks of different brands are composed of carbon
dioxide, Alcohol carbohydrates phosphate ions Glucose and
Sucrose These soft drinks give feelings of warmth lightness
and have a tangy taste which is liked by everyone CO2 gas is
dissolved in the drink to provide it with tangy taste.

Carbohydrates are naturally occurring organic compounds and

are major source of energy to our body general formula of
carbohydrates is CX (H2O)Y.

On the basis of molecular size carbohydrates are classified as:

Monosaccharide, disaccharide and polysaccharide glucose is a

monosaccharide with formula C6H12O6. Sucrose is a
disaccharide and is widely distributed in juices seeds and
flowers. Cold drinks are a bit acidic in nature and their acidity
can be measured by finding their PH VALUES. The pH values
also depend on the acidic contents such as citric acid and
phosphoric Acid.

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 APPARATUS
1. Test tube
2. Test tube holder
3. Test tube stand
4. Beaker
5. Burner
6. Stop watch
7. pH paper
8. Tripod Stand
9. China dish
10. Wire gauge
11. Water bat

CHEMICALS REQUIRED
1. Iodine solution
2. Potassium
iodide
3. Sodium Hydroxide
4. Benedict’s
reagent
5. Conc. HND
6. Ammonium
Molybdate
7. Lime water

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 DETECTION OF pH VALUE

Experiment:
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands ware taken in a
test tube and put on the ph Paper was noticed and was composed
with the standard pH.

Observation:
S.No. Name of Name of pH Value
drink drink
1. Coca Cola Pink 2.5-3
2. Sprite Red 3
3. Limca Pinkish 4
4. Fanta Light Orange 3-4

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Inference:
Soft drinks are generally acidic because of CITRIC ACID and
PHOSPHORIC ACID pH Value of different cold drink brands is
different due to variation in amount of acidic contents.

TEST FOR CARBON DIOXIDE

Experiment:

As soon as the bottles were opened one by one the samples were
passed through LIME WATER the lime water turns MILKY.

Observation:

S.No. Name of Time taken Conclusion

drink (in sec)
1. Coca Cola 26.3 CO2 present
2. Sprite 21 CO2present
3. Limca 25 CO2present
4. Fanta 36 CO2present

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Inference:
All soft drinks contain dissolved CO2.

Chemical Reaction involved:

Ca (OH)2+CO2→ CaCO3 +H2O

TEST FOR GLUCOSE

Experiment:
Glucose is reducing sugar acid its presence is detected by
the following test.

✦ Benedict’s reagent test:

Small sample of cold drink of different brands were
taken in a test tube and a few drops of Benedict’s reagent were
added to it test tube was heated for a few seconds Reddish
coloration confirmed the presence of glucose in the samples.

Observation:

S.No. Name of Observation Conclusion

drink
1. Coca Cola Reddish color Glucose is

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 ppt present
2. Sprite Reddish color Glucose is
ppt present
3. Limca Reddish color Glucose is
ppt present
4. Fanta Reddish color Glucose is
ppt present

Inference :
All the samples gave positive test for glucose with Benedict’s
reagent , hence all of them contain glucose.

TEST FOR ALCOHOL

Experiment :

Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in

separate test tube and iodine followed by Potassium iodide and
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) solution was heated in hot water for
30 minutes. Presence of yellow colored ppt. confirmed the
presence of alcohol.

Observation:

S.No. Name of Observation Conclusion

drink
1. Coca Cola Yellow ppt Alcohol present
2. Sprite Yellow ppt Alcohol present

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 3. Limca Yellow ppt Alcohol present
4. Fanta Yellow ppt Alcohol present

Inference:
All samples contain as they give positive test for it.

TEST FOR PHOSPHATE

Experiment:
Small samples of the drinks of different brands were taken in
separate test tubes and ammonium Molybdate followed by nitric
acid HNO was added to it. Presence of canary yellow ppt
confirmed the presence of phosphate ions in cold drinks.

Observation:

S.No. Name of Observation Conclusion

drink
1. Coca Cola Canary Phosphate present
yellow ppt
2. Sprite Canary Phosphate present
yellow ppt

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 3. Limca Canary Phosphate present
yellow ppt
4. Fanta Canary Phosphate present
yellow ppt

Inference:
All samples contain phosphate as they give positive test for it.

Chemical Reactions involved:

 NaHP04 + 12(NH4)2MnO4 + 21HNO3 + 3H →
(NH4)3PO4MoO3 + 21HN4NO + 12H2O.

TEST FOR SUCROSE

Experiment:
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in
separate china dish and were strongly heated until changed
occurred. Black colored residue left confirmed the presence of
sucrose in the taken samples.

Observation:

S.No. Name of drink Observation Conclusion

1. Coca Cola Black residue Sucrose present
2. Sprite Black residue Sucrose present
3. Limca Black residue Sucrose present
4. Fanta Black residue Sucrose present

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Inference:-
All cold drinks contain sucrose fanta contains it in higher
amount.

RESULT

After conducting several tests it was concluded that different

brands of cold drinks namely:
i. Coca Cola
ii. Sprite
iii. Limca
iv. Fanta
All contain glucose sucrose alcohol, phosphate and carbon
Dioxide all of them are acidic in nature.
On comparison we found out that coca cola is most acidic and
limca is least acidic amongst all the four brands taken. Sprite
had highest amount of CO2 dissolved while Fanta had the least.

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 CONCLUSION

➤Disadvantages of Cold Drinks:

 Soft drinks are a little more harmful than sugar solution as
they contain sugar in large amount which causes problem for
diabetic patients.
 They contain weight gain.
 They contain phosphoric acid which has a pH value of 2.8
which is enough to dissolve a nail in about four days.
 Soft drinks have the ability to remove blood so they are very
harmful to body.

➤Uses of Cold Drinks:

 Cold drinks can be used as toilet cleaners.
 They can remove rust spots from chrome car hampers
 They can lose a rust bolt

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 They can clean corrosion from car battery terminals.

➤Side Effects of Consuming Soft Drinks:

 Higher risk of cancer
 Greater risk of gout
 Leptin resistance
 Higher risk of dementia
 Weight gain
 Fatty liver
 Tooth decay

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Followings books and websites were a source for my

project:
1. Laboratory Manual of Chemistry.

WEBLIOGRAPHY

✺ https:// www.google.com
✺ https:// www.wikipedia.com
✺ https:// www.unoregon.edu

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