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TABLE OF CONTENTS
What is crime and violence?
1. Crime:
● Definition:
● Nature:
● Legal Perspective:
2. Violence:
● Definition:
● Types of Violence:
● Physical Violence:
● Verbal Violence:
● Psychological Violence:
How do they resemble each other?
1. Act of Harm:
2. Legal Dimensions:
3. Impact on Society:
4. Risk of Legal Consequences:
5. Connection to Social Issues:
6. Prevention and Intervention:
7. Psychological Impact:
Crime and violence in Pakistan
Crime Statistics
● Overall Crime Rate
● Violent Crimes
● Property Crimes
Root Causes
● Poverty and Inequality:
● Inadequate Law Enforcement:
● Social and Cultural Factors:
Contributing Factors
● Lack of Education:
● Poor Governance:
● War on Drugs:
● Weapons Proliferation:
Potential Solutions
● Enhancing Law Enforcement:
● Criminal Justice Reforms:
● Education and Awareness:
● Job Creation and Poverty Alleviation:
● Community Policing:
● Anti-Terrorism Measures:
Conclusion
Freedom of Expression and Attacks on Civil Society Groups
Freedom of Religion and Belief
Violence against Women and Girls
Children’s Rights
Disability Rights
Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Law Enforcement Abuses
Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
Refugees
Economic and Social Rights
Key International Actors
1. Crime:
● Definition:
Crime refers to any act or the commission of an act that is forbidden or the omission
of a duty that is commanded by a public law and that makes the offender liable to
punishment by that law.
● Nature:
Crimes can vary widely in nature and severity, ranging from minor offenses like theft
or vandalism to more serious offenses such as assault, robbery, or homicide.
● Legal Perspective:
Crimes are often categorized as either felonies or misdemeanors, depending on their
severity. Legal systems establish laws to define what constitutes a crime and
prescribe corresponding punishments.
2. Violence:
● Definition:
Violence is the use of physical force with the intent to injure, damage, or destroy. It
can manifest in various forms, including physical, verbal, or psychological harm
inflicted on individuals or groups.
● Types of Violence:
● Physical Violence:
● Verbal Violence:
● Psychological Violence:
1. Act of Harm:
● Both crime and violence involve acts that cause harm, either to individuals or
property. Crimes can manifest as violent acts, and violence can lead to
criminal charges.
2. Legal Dimensions:
● Crimes are typically defined by legal systems, and engaging in violent
behaviour can result in criminal charges. Acts of violence, depending on their
severity, can be classified as criminal offences.
3. Impact on Society:
● Both crime and violence have significant societal impacts. They can lead to a
breakdown of social cohesion, instill fear in communities, and undermine the
overall well-being of a society.
7. Psychological Impact:
● Both crime and violence can have psychological impacts on individuals and
communities. Victims of crime or violence may experience trauma, fear, and
long-term psychological consequences.
Root Causes
There are several root causes that contribute to the high crime rate in Pakistan:
● Poverty and Inequality:
Poverty and lack of opportunities drive individuals towards criminal activities.
Limited access to education, healthcare, and employment opportunities contribute to a
sense of hopelessness and desperation, leading individuals to engage in illegal
activities.
Contributing Factors
Several factors contribute to the escalation of crime and violence in Pakistan:
● Lack of Education:
Limited access to quality education is a significant contributing factor. Illiteracy and
poorly educated individuals are more likely to engage in criminal activities, as they
are unaware of the negative impacts of their actions.
● Poor Governance:
Weak governance structures, political instability, and a lack of effective governance
contribute to the breakdown of law and order. Corruption within the government, lack
of accountability, and ineffective implementation of policies exacerbate the crime
problem.
● War on Drugs:
The war on drugs has resulted in a proliferation of illegal drug trafficking and
addiction. The criminal networks associated with drug production and distribution
further fuel crime and violence in the country.
● Weapons Proliferation:
The easy availability of illegal weapons and ammunition contributes to the escalation
of crime and violence. Weak gun control measures and illegal arms trafficking
contribute to the unchecked proliferation of arms, leading to increased criminal
activities.
Potential Solutions
To combat crime and violence in Pakistan, several measures may be considered:
● Enhancing Law Enforcement:
Strengthening law enforcement agencies through proper training, modern equipment,
and improved investigative techniques can help reduce crime rates. Effective
patrolling, undercover operations, and intelligence gathering can help identify and
apprehend criminals.
Conclusion
Crime and violence pose significant challenges to the stability and security of Pakistan.
Addressing the root causes, strengthening law enforcement, and promoting social awareness
are crucial steps towards reducing crime and improving the overall quality of life for its
citizens. By implementing comprehensive strategies and collaborating with relevant
stakeholders, Pakistan can strive towards a safer and more peaceful future.
Pakistan’s political and economic crises deepened in 2023. Following a similar playbook as
its predecessors, the government of Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif clamped down on the
media, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and political opposition. The authorities used
draconian counterterrorism and sedition laws to intimidate peaceful critics. The government’s
term ended in August, and an interim government headed by Caretaker Prime
Minister Anwar Kakar took over. Elections previously scheduled for November were delayed
due to an incomplete census and constituency delimitation process.
Children’s Rights
Over 6 million primary school-age children and 13 million secondary school-age children in
Pakistan were out of school, most of them girls. Human Rights Watch found that girls miss
school for reasons including lack of schools, costs associated with studying, child marriage,
harmful child labor, and gender discrimination.
Employment of child domestic workers remains prevalent despite attempts to prohibit it. In
July, the case of Rizwana, a 14-year-old child brutally tortured for months while employed by
a judge’s family, spotlighted the issue of abuse and mistreatment of child domestic workers.
In February, an 11-year-old child domestic worker, Qabool, was beaten to death by his
employer in Karachi.
Child sexual abuse remains common. The children’s rights organization Sahil reported an
average of over 12 cases daily of child sexual abuse across Pakistan for the first 6 months of
2023.
Disability Rights
A lack of awareness about mental health in Pakistani society contributes to the abuse of those
with psychosocial disabilities (mental health conditions. Prisoners who ask for mental health
support are often mocked and denied services. The prison system lacks mental health
professionals, and prison authorities tend to view any report of a mental health condition with
suspicion. Psychological assessments for new prisoners are either perfunctory or not done at
all. The prevalence of the use of solitary confinement in Pakistani prisons poses additional
risks for people with psychosocial disabilities.
Refugees
In October, the government gave a 28-day deadline for “illegal immigrants” to leave the
country, warning that law enforcement agencies would forcibly deport them. According to
the Pakistani authorities, there are 1.73 million unregistered Afghans living in the country.
The government justified the decision to forcibly deport Afghans by claiming that Afghan
nationals were involved in most of the suicide bombing attacks in Pakistan in 2023. The UN
High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) responded to this in a statement saying, “any
refugee return must be voluntary and without any pressure to ensure protection for those
seeking safety.” The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights and UN independent human
rights experts also raised concerns that Afghans in Pakistan have been subjected to arrests,
exploitation, and undignified treatment.
In 2023, Pakistani authorities continued to intimidate and harass Afghans living in Pakistan.
Undocumented Afghans remained vulnerable to abuse by police and district administrations
and faced difficulties in accessing employment and education.