Section 27 - Ranarex Gravitometer

Issued August 2005 STE Instrumentation
Section 27
Instrumentation – Ranarex
Gravitometer
Table of Contents
Introduction and Objectives……………………………………………………27-2
Specifications……………………………………………………………………27-3
General Information……..………….…………………...………………..Section 1
Installation………………………………………………………………....Section 2
Operation…………………………………………………………………..Section 3
Maintenance and Servicing………………………………………………Section 4
Calibration...………………………………………………………………..Section 5
Parts Lists…………………………………………………………………..Section 6
1 Ranarex Gas Gravitometer

Introduction
The section contains information on the Ranarex Gas Gravitometer
Objectives
After completing this section, you should be able to
• Understand the Specification of the Ranarex Gas Gravitometer.

• Understand the workings of Ranarex Gas Gravitometer.
• Know how to install and maintain Ranarex Gas Gravitometer.

Ranarex Gravitometer
SPECIFICATIONS
PORTABLE TYPE GRAVITOMETER
Case :
Portable with carrying handle
Size: 13%"W x 13h"H x 10%"D, excluding handle and gas hose connections
Weight: Approximately 38 lb
Readings :
Indicating dial
Drive Motor:
115 volt, +lo% 50 or 60 Hz, single-phase
Permanent split-capacitor (no arcing during Start, Run or Stop)
Explosion-proof motor not available
Accuracy :
Within 0.5% of actual value at any reading within range
Portable Gravitometers:
Dual-range: 0.52-1.03 and 0.97-1.90
GENERAL
Materials:
Case and Chassis: Aluminum
Impellers, Impulse Wheels: Molded phenolic
Drive: Stainless steel shafts; sealed ball bearings
Pivots: Stainless steel shafts in jewels
Internal trim: Aluminum and stainless steel
Ambient Temperature Rating:
Saturated gas and air: 40 to 120°F2 (4" - 50°C).
Normal gas and dry air: 0 to 130°F2 (-18" - 54°C).

SECTION I
GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1 RANAREX GAS GRAVITOMETERS
RANAREX gravitometers measure the relative density (specific gravity) of gases
as compared to air at standard temperature and pressure (STP). For all gases
there is a definite relation between the composition of the gas mixture and its
relative density. The instrument is calibrated over two ranges to indicate relative
density.
RANAREX gravitometers excel over more complex and costly analyzers in total
performance, including simplicity, fast response, accuracy, sensitivity,
ruggedness and lowest long-term cost.
1.2 THEORY OF OPERATION

The RANAREX gravitometer uses dynamic forces to measure the relative density
of a gas. The operating principle is described below. The instrument contains two
cylindrical gas-tight measuring chambers, each having separate inlet and outlet
connections. Each chamber contains an impeller and an impulse wheel. These
wheels oppose each other on separate shafts in a way that resembles an
automotive fluid coupling or torque converter. An electric motor and drive belt
rotate both impellers at the same speed.
The impellers draw the sample gas and dry reference air into their respective
chambers. The torques created on the impulse wheels are proportional to the
densities of the gas and of the reference air. The impulse wheel shafts are
coupled using a cam and flexible tape in a way that causes the torques to
balance. The ratio of the sample impulse wheel torque to the reference impulse
wheel torque represents the relative density of the gas. A mechanism and
graduated dial are used to indicate the relative density

Figure 1 illustrates the measuring system for two operating conditions. The left
view shows the position of the cam and reference wheel when the reference gas
is admitted into both chambers. In this case, the impeller wheel torques will be
equal. As a result of this condition and the linear profile of the cam, the
graduated dial is calibrated to indicate 1000.
The right view of Figure 1 shows the position of the cam and reference wheel
when an unknown gas is admitted to the upper chamber and reference air is
admitted into the lower chamber. The lighter gas (in the upper chamber) creates
a smaller torque than the air in the lower chamber. As a result of this condition,
the cam will rotate until the cam radii allows the opposing torques to balance.
The cam rotation is calibrated to indicate the ratio of the torques, or relative
density.
To measure relative densities above 1.000, the unknown gas is admitted to the
lower chamber and the dry reference air is admitted to the upper chamber. The
principle of operation is the same. The graduated dial has two scales. The inner
scale is used for relative densities below 1.000. The outer scale is used for
relative densities above 1.000.
GENERAL INFORMATION
Due to the nature of the design, the pressures and temperatures of the gas and
reference air are equalized. Any changes in pressure, temperature, and motor
speed affect both torques equally. Since the torques produce opposing forces the
effects of varying pressure, temperature and motor speed are canceled.
An air drier is built into the gravitometer to dry incoming ambient air for use as
the reference gas. The gravitometer is equipped with a selector valve that is used
to direct sample gas and dry reference air to the correct chambers. The three
positions are used for checking the instrument ZERO, for measuring gas relative
densities below 1.000, or for measuring gas relative densities above 1.000.
The motor is designed for operation on 115 VAC + l o % , 60Hz. When the
gravitometer is to be used in an area where AC power is not available, a DCAC
invertor may be used to convert the DC voltage supplied by an automobile
alternator or other DC source to the correct AC voltage.
1.3 CONDITIONING THE GAS AND AIR SAMPLES

To assure accuracy, the gas sample and the reference air must be measured at
the same temperature, atmospheric pressure and humidity content. The
sampling system must condition the gas and air to meet these requirements.
When these conditions are met, the analyzer and sampling system as a unit will
be self-compensating for all variations except the analysis and relative density of
the gas.
The RANAREX gravitometer measures relative density in accordance with the
definition:
"The ratio of the density of the gas, under the observed conditions
of pressure and temperature to the density of dry air at the same
pressure and temperature."

To provide the basis for accurate measurements a sampling system must satisfy
the following conditions:
1.3.1 Dry Reference Air

Provided by the built-in air drier. The drier uses silica gel as the desiccant and is
easily replaced when the silica gel becomes exhausted.
NOTE: The silica gel desiccant i s normally blue in color. The

desiccant must be replaced when the color has changed to pink.
1.3.2 Pressure
The gas sampling system must reduce the gas to barometric pressure to equal
the pressure of the reference air. The correct gas pressure corresponds to a
sample flow rate of 10-15 scfh for the portable RANAREX gravitometer. The flow
rate is measured by a rotameter. As an operating convenience, the flow scale is
graduated in relative density units. The operator can adjust the needle valve so
that the flow meter reads the approximate relative density of the gas. For gas
pressures above 20 psig, a suitable pressure reducing regulator must precede
the rotameter.
NOTE: The flowmeter can be used with inlet pressures up to 20 Psig. When
the sample pressure is above 20 Psig it must be reduced using an external
pressure regulator.
1.3.3 Temperature
The reference air is admitted to the gravitometer at the ambient temperature of
the instrument. For the gas and air to be measured at the same temperature, the
gas must be heated or cooled to ambient temperature. This is important if the
gas pressure has been reduced more than 100 Psig, or if the gas flows through a
temperature zone more than 10'~ (lZ°C) different from the ambient temperature
of the gravitometer. If the sample gas temperature must be adjusted, the gas
may be passed through a coiled 10 ft. (30m) section of metal tubing before
entering the gravitometer.
1.3.4 Moisture Content

Gases that are "wet" (dew point above 50°F, 10°C) must be measured against
humidified air. Gases that are "dry" (dew point below 50°F, 10°C) or gases which
would be dissolved by a humidifier, such as NH,, or gases which are corrosive
when moist, such as SO2, must be measured against dry air. Dry instrument air
may be reduced to barometric pressure and used as reference air. If instrument
air is not available, ambient air can be dried and, when specified, the
gravitometer will be equipped with an integral air drier.
1.3.5 Filtering
A commercial filter (25 micron) must be used ahead of the regulator and

flowmeter to protect the instrument. Other precautions must be used to prevent

liquids from entering the instrument. A Balston filter (or equivalent) may be
required.
NOTE: RANAREX instruments do not include the gas filter, pressure

reducing regulator or sample hose because most users have individual
preferences for these items and maintain their own stock.
1.3.6 Sampling Systems

Components for conditioning the gas and reference air may be furnished by the
purchaser. However, as a convenience and to assure correct selection, it is
recommended that they be purchased with the RANAREX gravitometer.
SECTION 2
INSTALLATION
1. Check all accessories.

A. All RANAREX gravitometers include:
1 Electric cord, 6 ft. of 18 gauge cable with male and female plugs
1 1-1/2 lb. can indicating silica gel
1 Filling funnel
1 Instruction Manual
B. When the RANAREX gravitometer is operated from a 12 volt DC battery,
the following is also furnished, unless excluded by Purchaser:

1 RANAREX Invertor
2 Battery Cables, 16 ft. of 12 gauge wire with battery clips
1 Inverter Instruction Manual (found in Reference Material section
of Gravitometer manual)
2. Select the location for the gravitometer. The instrument should not be near hot
or cold objects. Allow at least 5" clearance on the left side and 3" on the right
side for making connections and normal operating functions. If the instrument is
to be permanently mounted in one location, it should be secured with four 1/4-20
machine screws. These screws are used with the holes in the gravitometer base.
See Figure 2 for mounting dimensions of the gravitometer and the location of the
mounting holes. See Figure 3 for location of connections and external controls.
3. 'Install the power inverter. Read the instructions that are packed with
the inverter.
INSTALLATION
4. Fill the air drier. The air drier must be removed from the upper left side of the
instrument by loosening the two fasteners. Remove the plastic drier assembly
from the gravitometer far enough until the rubber tube can be removed from the
elbow at the rear of the drier. Remove the rubber plug on the front of the drier by
lifting the lever at the center of the plug (but do not turn the lever).
Hold the drier horizontal with the front face up and pour silica gel using the funnel
into the spout. Tap or shake the drier vigorously and continue to fill the drier to

the base of the spout. Replace the rubber plug, attach the rubber tube on the
elbow at the rear of the drier, install the drier into the gravitometer.
NOTE: I f the drier assembly is damaged, the entire assembly must be

replaced.
The moisture capacity of the silica gel will vary according to the atmospheric
humidity and it must be inspected at regular intervals. When the upper half of the
narrow compartment shows a change from deep blue color to gray-pink color, the
silica gel must be replaced.
Active silica gel has a deep blue color and must be kept in a tightly closed
container. Expended silica gel has a light grayish-pink color. The silica gel may
be reactivated and used over and over again. To reactive, heat the silica gel in
an open container to approximately 250°F until the dark blue color returns, then
store in a tightly closed container. Additional silica gel may be obtained from
Chandler Engineering as Part
5. Attach the outlet hoses. If the gravitometer is operated in a confined space,
such as inside a vehicle, the gas sample must be discharged outside the vehicle.
This will prevent contaminating the operating space with noxious or hazardous
gas and air mixtures. If measuring only gas below 1.000 relative density, attach a
hose to the port LIGHT GAS OUTLET on upper right side of gravitometer case. If
measuring gases above 1.000 relative density, attach a hose to the port HEAVY
GAS OUTLET. These hoses must remain attached when checking the
instrument "zero point".
6 . Gas filter. If the gas contains suspended particles larger than 25 microns, or if
the gas is "wet", filtering is required. If a commercial filter is not available, a
suitable moisture trap may be made from 1" (2.54cm) pipe 15" (38cm) long
mounted vertically. Cap both ends and install a drain valve in the bottom cap.
Install an inlet connection from the gas line 2" (5cm) from the bottom and place
the outlet to the gravitometer 2" (5cm) from top. Fill the pipe loosely with
commercial No. 0 steel wool. Drain the trap frequently to keep the steel wool free
from condensate.
7. Gas temperature. If the gas sample is at a pressure above 100 Psig, or if the
sample flows through a temperature zone more than 10°F (-12°C) different from
the ambient temperature of the gravitometer, sample temperature adjustment is
required. Install a section of 3/8" (lcm) metal tube 10 ft (3m) long, and locate it
near the gravitometer case. The tube may be coiled or bent to suit the space
available. The tube will serve as a heat exchanger to heat or cool the sample
gas.
8. Make the gas sample connection. Attach a pressure reducing regulator to the
sample tap and route the sample line to the gravitometer. The sample line must
be capable of delivering 12 SCFH gas, free of condensed liquids, at a pressure
not exceeding 15 Psig. It is recommended to use proper sample probes and
sampling techniques as defined in ASTM, GPA, and API standards.

SECTION 3
OPERATION
CAUTION: This type WAREX Gravitometer is provided with a Pointer Lock
(Figure 4), which must be locked at all times when the RANAREX motor i s
not operating. The function of the lock is to exert tension on the flexible
tape, which connects the cam and reference wheel (Figure 1 ) . This tension
maintains correct "tracking" of the tape when the RANAREX is stopped.
The user is cautioned to leave the lock applied until after the RANAREX
motor has been started and to apply the lock before shutting o f f the
motor, to avoid operating inconvenience and prevent damage to the
RANAREX .
The "LOCK" position of the pointer is at the upper right corner of the scale, near
the 0.970-1.030 graduations. The position of the locking mechanism is shown by
the arrow of the knob and the legends on the gravitometer front cover. To check
if the pointer is locked, turn the knob to "UNLOCK" and observe if the pointer
drifts downward, then turn the knob to the "LOCK" position and observe if the
pointer snaps into original position.
3.1 PROCEDURE
The correct procedure for operating the RANAREX gravitometer is described on
the instruction plate located over the center of the indicating scale and
reproduced as Figure 5 of this section. It is recommended that the user observe
the sequence of steps as listed. In this way, maximum accuracy will be achieved.
The following comments are also helpful :
3.1.1 Zero Adjustment:

The zero adjustment screw must be turned in the direction opposite to the
correction required in the pointer reading. For example, if the pointer must be
moved clockwise to 1.000 on the scale, the screw should be turned
counterclockwise. After making adjustments, allow the pointer to stabilize.
During normal operation, the zero adjustment screw will require less than a 1/4
turn to set pointer to 1.000. If more than 1/2 turn is ever required, stop the motor
and investigate the cause.
NOTE: Never turn the zero adjustment screw to the l i m i t of the

adjustments (clockwise or counterclockwise) with motor operating.
3.1.2 Response Time:

When measuring gas at the normal flow rate of 12 SCFH, the response time to
reach the final reading is 40-45 seconds. This time can be reduced by operating
at a higher flow rate, obtained by adjusting the flow meter valve so the float reads
higher than the actual gas relative density.
For example, when measuring 0.6 gravity gas, a flow meter setting of about 1.2
will reduce the response time to about 30 seconds. However, the flow must not
exceed the range of the flow meter.

3.1.3 Over-Pressure Protection:

If the flowmeter valve is opened before the selector valve is turned to "LG" or
"HG" , the valve cover will lift off the body to relieve the pressure and will be
reseated by the spring.
3.1.4 Purging to 1.000 After Measuring a Gas:

The instrument must be purged to bring the pointer within the range of the pointer
lock mechanism. If the pointer starts toward 1.000 and then hesitates and
remains at an intermediate reading, turn the selector valve halfway beyond "0"
toward the next position. If the pointer then continues toward and reaches 1.000,
check for an obstruction as described in the Troubleshooting Section.

SECTION 4
MAINTENANCE AND SERVICING
4 .1 LUBRICATION
The motor bearings, impeller bearings and idler pulley bearings have long-life
lubrication to provide long service. If the impeller bearings bind or become
extremely noisy, they may be lubricated as described in the section titled Impeller
Bearings, or the complete assembly may be replaced. The idler pulley bearing
should be inspected and re-lubricated if it does not turn freely or becomes noisy.
4 . 2 SELECTOR VALVE
If the sample selector valve is contaminated, it will require cleaning and
lubrication. Should this become repeatedly necessary, a gas filter should be
used. To clean the selector valve, remove the screw at the center of the valve
cover and withdraw the screw, 2 washers, spring and cover. Remove all old
grease and contamination from the surfaces and channels in the cover and valve
body. Lubricate the faces of the cover and body with silicone-based grease and
replace all parts. If the valve cover or valve body become scored, it is necessary
to lap/polish the mating surfaces to eliminate the scoring. Clean both surfaces,
apply fine valve grinding compound to them and reassemble the valve. Loosen
the detent spring which engages the "O”, "LG" and "HG" notches of the cover.
Repeatedly rotate the cover on the valve body beyond its normal operating
range, continuing until the scoring is removed. After the lapping/polishing
operation, thoroughly clean, lubricate and reassemble all parts.
4.3 POINTER LOCK

If the connecting tape leaves the cam or reference wheel while the gravitometer
is in transit, the pointer lock will require adjustment in the following sequence:
1. Remove the front cover to check if the sides of the U-hook at end of lock
spring are parallel with inner face of the cover, and if the set screw is fully
tightened in the shaft of the lock knob. Turn the spring and tighten the screw if
necessary.
2. Remove the indicating scale, track the connecting tape on the cam and
reference wheel, then set pointer approximately at the 1.000 position. Hold front
cover by hand in correct position on gravitometer casing. Turn the knob toward
the lock position to check if the U-hook straddles the radial edge of the cam. If
necessary, bend the spring in the correct direction at the knob shaft.
3. Hold the front cover to the casing by hand, turn knob toward lock position to
check if the spring takes up the slack in the connection tape before the lower end
of the spring snaps between the detent pins of the cover. If it does not, bend the
upper section of the lock spring, at the knob, toward the cam edge. This will be
toward the left when viewed from inside the cover.
4. Finally, with the cover held to the casing, check if the lower end of the lock
spring will snap between the detent pins and will be retained. If necessary, bend
the lower end of the spring toward, or away from, the front cover, as required.

4.4 CARE OF THE CONNECTING TAPE

4.4.1 Tracking the Tape
Release the pointer lock and remove the front cover and indicating scale. If tape
does not track on both the measuring and reference wheels, turn both wheels
clockwise. Replace the tape onto each wheel, set pointer to approximately 1.000
and turn the reference wheel to take up slack in the tape. If tape has fallen
behind either wheel, extract it carefully by rotating the wheel as necessary, to
avoid kinking the tape.
4.4.2 Cleaning the Tape

Wipe off dust, finger marks, or oil with tissue or cloth. Do not use cleaning fluid
or solvent. At the same time clean the rims of the cam and reference wheel.
4.4.3 Replacing the Tape

If a new tape must be installed, loosen the clip screws at the ends of the tape,
remove retaining clips from the rims of the cam and the reference wheels and
remove the old tape. Hook the new tape over the screw heads and install clips
with curved end pointing in direction of tape. Adjust tape flush with edges of the
wheels and tighten the clip screws.
If spare tape is not available, a replacement tape can be made from 3M
Company "Scotch" brand #I75 Tenzar Recording Tape, or any other 1.5 MIL
Heavy Duty Mylar Recording Tape. Cut tape to 13-9/16" long and punch 2 holes
9/64" diameter spaced 13-1/16" center to center. Check the operation of the
pointer lock and if necessary, adjust it as described in Section 4.
4.5 DRIVE BELT TENSION

The correct tension required to prevent belt slippage without overloading the
bearings is maintained by a spring loaded idler pulley. If dust or dirt accumulates
between the idler pulley arm bushing and the pivot shaft, it will interfere with free
motion and must be removed. Before disassembling, scratch a mark on the face
of the adjusting collar and end of the pivot shaft to show the original positions.
Obtain a firm grip on the collar by inserting a pin in a hole in the rim or face and
loosen set screw. Allow collar to turn clockwise until spring tension is relieved,
then draw collar and arm off shaft. After cleaning, reassemble in original position.
The correct load of the idler pulley on the belt is 5 to 6 pounds which may be
measured with a spring scale. Remove belt and place scale hook around pulley
shaft. Pull on the scale in direction perpendicular to the normal position of the
idler pulley arm until the pulley is swung into its normal position. If necessary to
increase the load, turn the adjusting collar one quarter turn counterclockwise to
the next flat of the pivot shaft. Before loosening the set screw, obtain a firm grip
on the collar by inserting a pin in a hole in the rim of face.
4.6 IDLER BEARING

This bearing should be inspected and replaced if it does not turn freely or
becomes noisy.

NOTE: Bearing is lubricated as shipped. It cannot be disassembled but can

be relubricated when necessary.
1. Grip round shaft where it extends from pulley.

2. Remove adapter shaft by gripping hex section and turning for right-hand
thread. Unscrew adapter shaft completely but do not lose split lock washer.
3. Insert tip of grease tube (PN 187-14010 or equivalent) into the tapped hole in
the pulley shaft. Fill the hole with grease.
4. Replace adapter shaft in pulley shaft. Be sure split lock washer is in position in
recess around base of male thread.
5. Tightening the adapter shaft into the pulley shaft will force the grease into the
bearings. Excess grease will be forced out through the seals but do not use more
grease than needed to obtain smooth rotation of shaft in the pulley.
4.7 GRAVITOMETER DISASSEMBLY PROCEDURE

If the gravitometer must be disassembled, the following sequence must be
observed.
1. Front Cover: Release pointer lock and turn fully to UNLOCK position to set
lock spring below bottom of scale plate. Loosen the 8 fasteners but hold cover
from dropping downward on scale and pointer. If cover is placed flat on bench-
top, inside face must be upward to avoid damage to locking spring.
2. Rear Cover: Loosen the 8 fasteners to remove the rear cover.
3. Indicating Scale: Set pointer to about 0.950 and loosen scale fastening
screws one turn. Lift scale up so keyholes will pass over screw heads. Then
move scale downward holding it in until right side clears pointer.
4. Front Chamber Cover: Remove 8 screws around the rim of both chambers.
Grasp assembly by scale posts and zero adjust screw and pull forward. The
assembly may be set down on a bench-top against the 4 pins which project from
the rear, or it may be placed on the right edge, steadied by the zero adjust screw.
In this position exercise care that the pointer is not bent.
5. Rear Chamber Cover: First remove the Front Chamber cover. Then remove
the belt and unscrew both impellers from front of the chambers; impellers have
right hand threads. Remove 8 screws around rim of chambers and 2 inner
screws at lower section of casting. Grasp assembly by bearing housing and pull
outward from body. Assembly may be set on right edge, steadied by idler pulley,
or may be placed on bench with pulleys downward.
6. Operating Mechanism (Front chamber cover, chamber Body and ear
Chamber Cover) : Remove front and rear covers, as previously described, and
unscrew outlet nipples from right side of casing. Remove 2 outer screws from
base of assembly accessible through rear. Remove 2 screws with carrying
handle and internal spacer plate from upper section. Slide assembly to rear of
the instrument, supporting it by hand and guided by pins in lower section.
4.8 IMPELLER BEARINGS
The impeller ball bearings are lubricated with sufficient grease for 2-3 years of
operation. If the bearings do not turn freely or become noisy, the bearings should
be replaced. The bearing part number is 187-17004. A design modification has

been implemented to this assembly to improve its operating performance at low

temperature as well as to simplify its service procedure.
The new design uses double seal ball bearings and additional o-rings to seal
between the bearing (Key No. 1246/PN 187-17004) and the impeller shaft (Key
No. 1247/PN 302-01889) and between the bearing and the impeller bearing
casing (Key No. 1248/PN 302-01888). Use Part Number 300-00258 if ordering
the complete bearing and shaft assembly. There is no need to fill the void
between the impeller shaft and casing with bearing grease (P/N 187-14010).
NOTE: All portable gravitometers with serial number P-259 and later
incorporate the new design b a l l bearing assembly.
4.8.1 Impeller Disassembly

a. Remove the front chamber cover assembly, impellers and rear chamber cover
assembly from the operating mechanism per instructions 1-5 in the section titled
Gravitometer Disassembly Procedure.
b. Temporarily reinstall front chamber cover assembly in instrument to avoid
damage while working on bearings.
c. Remove the nuts from the shaft without bending it.
d. Mark the pulleys and shafts so that they can be reinstalled in their original
positions.
e. Gently tap on the end of the shafts to push the front ball bearing out of
housing. Use small bearing puller to remove bearing from shaft.
f. Gently push or tap on threaded end of shaft to push the rear bearing out of the
housing. Use small bearing puller to remove bearing from shaft.
4.8.2 Impeller Assembly

a. Inspect and clean interior of impeller bearing casing and the shaft.
b. Insert shaft and bearing into bearing casing. Replace the nuts on the ends of
the impeller shafts. Install bearing on pulley end of shaft. Seat bearing bore
against shoulder of shaft and turn shaft by hand to check for smooth rotation.
c. Reassemble the rear chamber cover assembly, impellers, front chamber cover
assembly in reverse order of disassembly.
4.9 TROUBLESHOOTING
To be accurate the gravitometer must satisfy the following operating conditions:
* Sufficient flow of gas sample and reference air
* Impellers rotating at correct speed
* Pointer moves without friction
Instrument free of internal leaks
* Pointer statically balanced
* Air drier filled with active silica gel
* Instrument is properly calibrated
If there is reason to believe the gravitometer is reading incorrectly, tests and
remedies should be made in the sequence described below. If necessary to

disassemble the gravitometer, refer to the Gravitometer Disassembly Procedure

found earlier in this section.
1. Check the gas and air flow. Disconnect all inlet and outlet hoses, set selector
valve to "0" and purge the gravitometer. Verify that there is flow at the discharge
ports. If there is no evidence of flow, disconnect the hose from the rear of the air
drier and retest. If flow is established, empty the air drier, clean the outlet elbow,
fill with fresh silica gel (6-16 mesh) and retest.
If there is no evidence of flow, remove the cover of the selector valve, inspect
and clean the ports and channels of the cover and valve body and retest.
Finally, if there still is no evidence of flow, it indicates the passages within the
instrument are obstructed. Remove the rear chamber cover and check the
passages which extend from impeller bearing location to the elbows near the
bottom of the chamber cover. Also check the outlet tubes and nipples from both
chambers.
2. Check the impeller speed. Correct speed is approximately 2800 RPM as
measured with a strobe tachometer. If a tachometer is not available, remove the
drive belt and verify that the motor pulley, impeller pulleys, and the idler pulley
turn freely. If the impeller pulleys do not turn freely, lubricate the impeller
bearings as described earlier in the section titled Impeller Bearings or replace the
assembly. If the idler pulley does not turn freely, the motor should be replaced.
3. Check for frictionless indicator response. Remove front cover and connect the
instrument to a gas sample. Record the reading. Gently move the indicator to
each side of the true reading and release. Indicator should return to the same
reading from each direction, within -001 relative density within 15 seconds. If it
does not, the impulse wheel shafts and bearings should be cleaned. Remove the
front chamber cover of the operating mechanism and hold it upright by gripping
firmly in a vise, or stand it securely on right side edge. Loosen the set screws in
the hub of the cam and reference wheel and draw the impulse wheels with shafts
out of the bearings. Use care that the cam and reference wheels and the flexible
tape are not damaged while removed from the instrument. Tag the impulse
wheels to indicate the chamber from which they were removed. Polish the
shafts with crocus cloth or fine steel wool. Do not bend the shafts.
If the impulse wheel shafts show a bright polished groove where they rotate in
the jeweled bearings, or if the hubs of the cam and reference wheel show a
groove where they have been drawn against the ends of the impulse wheel
bearings, these grooves should be removed by lapping and polishing. If the wear
is excessive, the shafts must be replaced.
Gently blow out the impulse wheel bearings with clean air or gas and add a drop
of instrument oil to both ends of each bearing. Suitable oil is available from
Chandler Engineering.
Replace the shafts with wheels in their bearings in the correct chamber and turn
them slowly. If the protruding portion of the shaft wobbles or if the wheel does not
turn freely, the shaft should be replaced with a new one. A bent impulse wheel
shaft will cause the instrument to lose accuracy and sensitivity. Attach the
measuring and reference wheels to the impulse wheel shafts being certain that

the set screws bear on the flats of the shafts. A small amount of shaft end play
[.005" to 0.010" (.13-.25mm) maximum] must exist to prevent binding. Verify that
no parts of the indicating mechanism have been bent and that there is no binding
between parts.
4. Check for internal leaks. Operate the instrument connected to a gas sample
and obtain a relative density reading at the far end of the measuring range. Shut
off the gas flow by closing the flowmeter valve. The indicator should remain
steady or should not return toward 1.000 reading at a rate faster than .007 on the
inner scale in 3 minutes. If it does not meet this test, there is an internal leak. To
determine where the leak is located, stop the motor, remove the front and rear
covers and disconnect hose from the inlet port of the selector valve. Individually
pressurize (approximately 10 psig) the upper and lower chambers with gas and
use a gas leak detector to find the leak.
The leak is probably caused by loose screws or a gasket which has become
damaged. Verify that the Tygon7 tubes which join the internal connector to the
selector valve and to the elbows near bottom, of rear chamber cover are not
cracked or damaged.
5. Check the indicator balance. The measuring mechanism was statically
balanced by the manufacturer and does not change with wear or age. The
balancing weights behind the cam should not be disturbed. However, if required,
the balance can be verified and restored as described below.
Stop the motor and remove the front cover. Place the pointer consecutively at the
right side, bottom, and left side of the scale. In each position tap the front of the
gravitometer case to overcome static friction. The pointer should remain
stationary or very nearly so. If it drifts more than two small graduations on the red
scale, make compensating adjustments of the balancing weights on the threaded
rods. When loosening or re-tightening the balancing weights, use care that the
threaded rods, pointer and impulse wheel shaft are not bent or damaged.
Balancing the cam and mechanism is a trial and error process. The pointer may
be considered balanced if it remains steady or drifts only two scale divisions.
After rebalancing, do not permit the weights to be moved. A drop of low strength
Loctite7, lacquer, or fingernail polish on the weights and threaded rods will lock
the adjustments is place.
6. Check the silica gel in the air drier. If silica gel is exhausted, remove and
empty the air drier. Refill with active silica gel.
7. The gravitometer was accurately calibrated by the manufacturer and the
calibration does not change appreciably with wear or age. The adjustments
should not be changed without first checking every other possible source of error.
Calibration should proceed if all other sources of error are eliminated.
8. Sometimes during calibration, repeatability problems occur due to static friction
Gently tapping the side of the case will eliminate the static friction.
SECTION 5
CALIBRATION
To calibrate the instrument there are three adjustments:

1. Zero Adjust. This is the only adjustment required in normal operation. The zero
adjust screw operates the chain, sprockets and lower impulse wheel bearing
which positions the lower impulse wheel longitudinally in the lower chamber to
match the torque of the upper chamber when operating on air. Refer to the
section titled Zero Adjustment in Section 3 for instructions for use of the zero
adjust.
2. Sensitivity. The longitudinal position of the upper impulse wheel in the upper
chamber governs sensitivity of the instrument. If the pointer is too sensitive, it
may be reduced by moving the upper impulse wheel closer to the front of the
chamber, by turning the upper impulse wheel bearing counterclockwise. If the
pointer lacks sensitivity (and if there is no evidence of mechanical binding), it
may be increased by moving the upper impulse wheel closer to the rear of the
chamber, by turning the upper impulse wheel bearing clockwise. This adjustment
requires loosening the 7/8" hex lock nut behind the measuring wheel, turning the
1/2" hex head of the bearing in correct direction, and tightening the lock nut. Turn
only one flat (1/6 turn) at a time and retest.
3. Span Adjustment. The span of the gravitometer is governed by the angular
position of the pointer on the measuring wheel. To permit adjustment, the pointer
is attached to the measuring wheel by two screws which pass through circular
slots in the pointer hub. If span adjustment is necessary, the pointer should be
moved in relation to the measuring wheel in the direction of the desired reading.
For example, if the pointer reads numerically too high on the red scale (too low
on the black scale), the pointer should be moved clockwise. Similarly, if the
pointer reads numerically too low on the red scale (too high on the black scale),
the pointer should be moved counterclockwise.
Before making an adjustment, mark the position of the pointer hub on the face of
the cam, then loosen the screws just enough that the pointer can be turned
against slight friction of the washers under the screw heads, but that it will not
slip freely. Make adjustments in small increments of 2 or 3 small graduations on
the red scale at one time and retest. When either the sensitivity or span
adjustment is changed, it is necessary to reset the zero adjust to 1.000 on air.
5.1 CALIBRATION PULLEY
A Calibration Pulley is fastened inside of every new instrument. This pulley can
be used, instead of a certified gas, to check the calibration of the instrument. The
pulley, Part No. 315-03031, is intended to make the instrument read 0.640
theoretical relative density. Because of the tolerance on the ,diameters of the
pulleys, the following test procedure must be used to determine the exact
relative density (k.001) the pulley will produce.
1. Operate Gravitometer with new silica gel in the drier and the selector valve
on "0" . If necessary, turn ZERO ADJUST until pointer reads 1.000.
2. Turn power OFF; remove Upper Impeller Pulley and measure its maximum
diameter at the crown with a micrometer.
3. Install the Calibration Pulley on the Upper Impeller Shaft. Measure its
maximum diameter at the crown, using the micrometer.
4. Continue to operate the gravitometer without making any adjustments.
Observe and record the relative density reading.

5. Divide the diameter of the standard Upper Impeller Pulley by the diameter of
the Calibration Pulley and square the answer. This value is the correct relative
density reading.
6. If it is necessary to test the calibration at different relative density values, a

Calibration Pulley is required for each test value.
7. After completing the tests, replace the Calibration Pulley with the standard
Upper Impeller Pulley and store the Calibration Pulley for future use. The
following additional calibration pulley sizes are available:

SECTION 6
PARTS LISTS





























Section 27 - Ranarex Gravitometer

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Section 27 - Ranarex Gravitometer

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Issued August 2005 STE Instrumentation

1 Ranarex Gas Gravitometer

• Understand the Specification of the Ranarex Gas Gravitometer.

2 Ranarex Gas Gravitometer

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1.2 THEORY OF OPERATION

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1.3 CONDITIONING THE GAS AND AIR SAMPLES

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1.3.1 Dry Reference Air

NOTE: The silica gel desiccant i s normally blue in color. The

1.3.4 Moisture Content

6 Ranarex Gas Gravitometer

flowmeter to protect the instrument. Other precautions must be used to prevent

NOTE: RANAREX instruments do not include the gas filter, pressure

1.3.6 Sampling Systems

1. Check all accessories.

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NOTE: I f the drier assembly is damaged, the entire assembly must be

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3.1.1 Zero Adjustment:

NOTE: Never turn the zero adjustment screw to the l i m i t of the

3.1.2 Response Time:

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3.1.3 Over-Pressure Protection:

3.1.4 Purging to 1.000 After Measuring a Gas:

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4.3 POINTER LOCK

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4.4 CARE OF THE CONNECTING TAPE

4.4.2 Cleaning the Tape

4.4.3 Replacing the Tape

4.5 DRIVE BELT TENSION

4.6 IDLER BEARING

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NOTE: Bearing is lubricated as shipped. It cannot be disassembled but can

1. Grip round shaft where it extends from pulley.

4.7 GRAVITOMETER DISASSEMBLY PROCEDURE

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been implemented to this assembly to improve its operating performance at low

4.8.1 Impeller Disassembly

4.8.2 Impeller Assembly

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disassemble the gravitometer, refer to the Gravitometer Disassembly Procedure

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6. If it is necessary to test the calibration at different relative density values, a

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