FEMINISM is NOT ABOUT WOMEN ALONE,

it's not something that feeds the ego of

women and it's NOT SYNONYMOUS TO MAN
HATING, it's more of RECOGNIZING THE
IMPORTANCE of both gender in the society
FEMINISM as a concept of social science
SEEKS TO RAISE AWARENESS and
UNDERSTANDING ABOUT EQUALITY OF
GENDER.
 Feminist theory

This theory looks into how

gender system works. It
weighs whether a certain
behavior or social
behavior toward men and
women in a com- munity is
fair considering normative
and ethical values.
 aims to promote gender equality
social justice and women's rights
 The primary concern is to address
the oppression of women in the
society and the patriarchal structure
of most societies.
Gender Ideology
views regarding the rights,
-

roles and duties of men and

women in the society. It
describes the similarities
and differences of the
views on man, woman and
alternative gender identity.
 • the ideal role set to man and woman
Gender role brought great impact to choices of work,
how to behave as parent and as husband
ideology or wife. It could be classified as:
Traditional -it differentiate the role of
man and woman. Men are usually
expected to provide for the family and
women are to stay home and take
care of the children and do the
household chores.
Transitional-is between Traditional and
egalitarian.
Egalitarian - perceives that role should not be
divided by gender.
Gender Equality
defined as the equal rights and opportunities
for both men and women in the society. It
doesn't pertain to men and women being the
same but allowing equal access to
opportunities.
 History of Feminism
a.) The First Wave [19th and early 20th century]
•fought for women's suffrage and legal rights
•biggest achievement was winning some political power,
improved rights for women in marriage and property.
b.) The Second Wave [1960s & 1970s]
•demanded social and economic equality and
reproductive freedom for women.
•extended the fight beyond political rights to education,
work and the home.
•Betty Freidan argues women were unhappy because of
the Feminine Mystique (1963)
c.) The Third Wave [1990s - Present]
•embraced diversity and intersectionality among women
and challenged the essentialist and universalist
assumptions of the previous waves
•Widened the feminist movement and its ideas beyond
middle class, white women, addressing the different
disadvantages women experience because of, for
example, their race, ethnicity and class.
d.) Post-feminism [1980s - Present]
•The word 'post' suggests that feminism is not relevant
anymore because women have won equal rights.They
may still believe in equal rights for women, but either see
themselves as individuals, not part of a feminist
movement or don't want to use the word 'feminist.
 1.LIBERAL FEMINISM
•participation in decision making which may involve
political, economic and social aspects
•Liberal feminism's primary goal is gender equality in the
public sphere, such as equal access to education, equal
pay, and etc.

•women should be competitive to gain

economic and social rewards
•whatever happens at home is a private
matter (throws the idea of domesticity)
 2. MARXIST FEMINISM
• oppose to Liberal Feminism •views women's
subordination and oppression are necessary for
the development of capitalism.
•says that “with capitalism, the idea of feminism,
equality and empowerment for women cannot be
achieved”
•analyzes the ways in which women are exploited
through capitalism and the individual ownership of
private property
 3. RADICAL FEMINISM
•focuses on the feminist agenda
•views that feminism has to rise against patriarch
supremacy in context of abuses domestic violence or
rape

•suggest changes, such as finding

technology that will allow babies to
be grown outside of a woman's body,
to promote more equality between
men and women.
 LESBIAN FEMINISM
•started in the west
•pushes an alternative view of gender
and power
•it hopes to change the idea of
heterosexuality and male supremacy
 Important theorist
•Wollstonecraft
She was an 18th century
British writer and advocate
of women's equality and
education. Her book A
Vindication of the Rights
of Woman (1792) is
considered a trailblazing
work of feminism
 Important theorist
• Nancy Cott -
She is an American
historian and professor
who has taught at Yale and
Harvard universities. She
specializes in gender topics
in the US in the 19th and
20th centuries. She has
testified on same-sex
marriage in several US
states
 Important theorist
• Adrienne Rich
She was an American poet,
scholar, teacher, and critic
whose poetry and essays
explored the intersections
of gender, race, class,
sexuality, and nationality.
She was a prominent voice
in the feminist and lesbian
movements
 Important theorist
• Judith Butler
She is an American philosopher
and gender theorist who is known
for her concept of gender
performativity, which argues that
gender is constructed through
repeated acts and discourses. Her
book Gender Trouble (1990) is
influential in queer theory and
feminist philosophy
 Important theorist
• Patricia Hill Collins
She is an American sociologist
and professor who is
recognized for her research and
theory on the intersectionality
of race, gender, class, and
sexuality. She proposed a form
of standpoint theory that
emphasized the perspective of
African American women
 Important theorist
• Ayn Rand
She was a Russian-American
novelist and philosopher who
developed a system of
thought called Objectivism,
which advocates rational
egoism, individualism, and
laissez-faire capitalism. She
rejected the label of feminist
and criticized collectivist
forms of feminism
 HISTORY OF FEMINISM
• FEMINIST THEORY;
a.) The First Wave [19th and early 20th century
•aims to promote
gender equality social b.) The Second Wave [1960s & 1970s]
justice and women's c.) The Third Wave [1990s - Present]
rights d.) Post-feminism [1980s - Present]
• Gender Ideology
IMPORTANT THEORIST
• Gender 3 STRANDS OF
1.Wollstonecraft
role ideology FEMINISM
2. Nancy Cott
>Traditional 1.Liberal Feminism
3. Adrienne Rich
>Transitional 2. Marxist Feminism
4. Judith Butler
>Egalitarian 3. Radical Feminism
5. Patricia Hill Collins 6.
• Gender equality •Lesbian Feminism
Ayn Rand