E.

DIATAS DUA PERLETAKAN

Berikut contoh soal untuk konstruksi balok terjepit sebelah:

1. Balok Diatas Dua Perletakan Memikul Sebuah Muatan Terpusat.

Penyelesaian :
a. Reaksi Perletakan.
 MB = 0,
RAV . L - P . b = 0
RAV = P . b/L
= (10 t) x (4 m)/(6 m)
RAV = + 6,667 ton ()

 MA = 0,
- RBV . L + P . a = 0
RBV = P . a/L
= (10 t) x (2 m)/(6 m)
RBV = + 3,333 ton ().

Kontrol :
 V = 0,
RAV + RBV – P = 0
6,667 t + 3,333 t - 10 t = 0 …..(memenuhi)
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b. Gaya lintang.
DA-C = + RAV = + 6,667 ton.
DC-A = + DA-C = + 6,667 ton.
DC-B = DC-A – P = 6,667 – 10 = - 3,333 ton.
DB-C = DC-B = - RBV = - 3,333 ton.

c. M o m e n .
MA = 0
MC = + RAV . a = + 6,667 t x 2 m = + 13,334 ton.m’, atau
MC = P.a.b/L

Lihat gambar bidang gaya lintang dan momen diatas.

2. Balok Diatas Dua Perletakan Memikul Muatan Terpusat Sembarang.

35
Penyelesaian :
a. Reaksi Perletakan.
 MB = 0,
o o
RAV . L - P1.(L –a1) – P2 sin 45 .(L – a2) – P3 sin 60 .(L – a3) = 0
o o
RAV = P1.(L – a1)/L + P2 sin 45 .(L – a2)/L + P3 sin 60 .(L – a3)/L
= 2 x (6 - 1)/6 + 3 x ½2 x (6 – 3)/6 + 4 x 0,866 x (6 – 4)/6
= 1,667 + 1,061 + 1,155
RAV = + 3,883 ton ()

 MA = 0,
o o
- RBV . L + P1.(a1) + P2 sin 45 .(a2) + P3 sin 60 .(a3) = 0
o o
RBV = P1.(a1)/L + P2 sin 45 .(a2)/L + P3 sin 60 .(a3)/L
= 2 x (1)/6 + 3 x ½2 x (3)/6 + 4 x 0,866 x (4)/6
= 0,333 + 1,061 + 2,309
RBV = + 3,703 ton ()

 H = 0,
o o
RA-H + P2 cos 45 – P3 cos 60 = 0
o o
RA-H = – P2 cos 45 + P3 cos 60 = – 3 x ½2 + 4 x ½ = – 2,121 + 2
= – 0,121 ton ()

Kontrol :
 V = 0,
o o
RAV + RBV – P1 – P2 sin 45 – P3 sin 60 = 0
3,883 t + 3,703 t – 2 t – 2,121 t – 3,464 t = 0
7,586 t – 7,585 t = 0,001  0 …..(memenuhi)

b. Gaya Lintang.
DA-C = + RAV = + 3,883 ton.
DC-D = + RAV – P1 = 3,883 – 2 = + 1,883 ton.
o
DD-E = + RAV – P1 – P2 sin 45 = 3,883 – 2 – 3 x ½2
= 3,883 – 2 – 2,121 = – 0,238 ton.
o o
DE-B = + RAV – P1 – P2 sin 45 – P2 sin 60
= 3,883 – 2 – 3 x ½2 – 4 x 0,866 = 3,883 – 2 – 2,121 – 3,464
DE-B = – 3,702 ton.
DE-B = – RBV = – 3,703 ton.

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c. Gaya Normal .
NA-D = + RAH = + 0,121 ton (tarik).
o
ND-E = + RAH – P2 cos 45 = + 0,121 – 3 x ½2 = + 0,121 – 2,121
= – 2 ton (tekan).
o o
NE-B = + RAH – P2 cos 45 – P3 cos 60 = + 0,121 – 2 x ½2 – 4 x ½
= 0,121 – 2,121 – 2
NE-B = 0 ton.

c. M o m e n .
MC = + RAV . a1 = + 3,883 x 1 = + 3,883 ton.m’.
MD = + RAV . a2 – P1 . (a2 – a1) = + 3,883 x 3 – 2 x (3 – 1) = 7,649 t.m’.
o
ME = + RAV . a3 – P1 . (a3 – a1) – P2 sin 45 . (a3 – a2)
= + 3,883 x 4 – 2 x (4 – 1) – 3 x ½2 x (4 – 3)
= + 15.532 – 6 – 2,121
ME = + 7,411 t.m’.

3. Balok Diatas Dua Perletakan Memikul Muatan Terbagi Rata.

Penyelesaian :
a. Reaksi Perletakan.
QR = q . L = (3 t/m’) x (6 m) = 18 ton.
 MB = 0,
RAV . L - QR . ½ L = 0
2
RAV = ½ q . L /L
RAV = ½ q . L …..(1)
= ½ x (3 t/m’)/(6 m)
RAV = + 9 ton ()
RBV = RAV = ½ q . L = 9 ton. (simetris)

35
b. Gaya lintang.
DA-B = + RAV = + 7 ton.
DB-A = + RAV – q . L = - RBV = - 9 ton.

c. M o m e n .
Momen maksimum terjadi ditengah bentang,
Mmaks. = + RAV . ½L – q . ½L . ¼L
2 2 2
= ½ q L . ½L – 1/8 q L = ¼ q L – 1/8 q L
2
Mmaks. = + 1/8 q L
2
Mmaks. = + 1/8 x (3 t/m’) x (6 m’) = + 13,5 t.m’.

d. Tinjau tampang X.
Momen pada tampang X, dihitung dari kanan kekiri,
Mx = RAV . x – q . x . ½ x
2
Mx = RAV . x – ½ q x …..(2)

Momen maksimum terjadi apabila gaya lintang sama dengan nol,

Dx = d(Mx)/dx = 0
2
(RAV . x – ½ q x )/dx = 0
RAV – q . x = 0
x = RAV/q …..(3)
= ½ q L/q = ½ L = ½ x 6
x = 3 m (ditengah bentang).

Substitusikan (3) dan (1) kedalam (2), maka momen maksimum,

2
Mmaks. = RAV . (RAV/q) – ½ q (RAV/q)
2
= (½ q L) . (½ q L/q) – ½ q . (½ q L/q)
2 2
= ¼ q L – 1/8 q L
2
Mmaks. = 1/8 q L …..(4)

Untuk x = 1 m dan x = 3 m dari perletakan A, besar momen,

2
MX=1m = 9 x 1 – ½ x 3 x (1 ) = + 7,5 t.m’.
2
MX=3m = Mmaks = 9 x 3 – ½ x 3 x (3 ) = + 13,5 t.m’.

Gaya lintang,
Dx = d(Mx)/dx = RAV – q . x …..(5)

Untuk x = 1 m dan x = 3 m dari perletakan A,

DX=1m = 9 – 3 x (1) = + 6 t.m’.
DX=3m = 9 – 3 x (3) = + 0 t.m’.

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4. Balok Diatas Dua Perletakan Memikul Muatan Segi Tiga.

Penyelesaian :
a. Reaksi Perletakan.
QR = q . ½ L = (3 t/m’) x ½ x (6 m) = 9 ton.
 MB = 0,
RAV . L – QR . 1/3 L = 0
RAV = + 1/3 QR = + 1/3 q . ½L
RAV = 1/6 q L
= 1/6 x (3 t/m’)/(6 m)
RAV = + 3 ton ()
 MB = 0,
– RBV . L + QR . 2/3 L = 0
RBV = + 2/3 QR = + 2/3 q . ½L
RBV = 1/3 q L
= 1/3 x (3 t/m’)/(6 m)
RBV = + 6 ton ()

Kontrol :
 V = 0,
RAV + RBV – QR = 0
3 ton + 6 ton – 9 ton = 0 ……(memenuhi)

b. Gaya lintang.
DA-B = + RAV = + 1/6 q L = + 3 ton.
DB-A = + RAV – QR = 1/6 q L – ½ q L = – 1/3 q L = – RBV = – 6 ton.

c. Tinjau tampang X.
Tampang X terletak sejauh x dari perletakan A, momen pada tampang X, dihitung dari
kanan kekiri,
qx = q . x/L
QX = qx . ½ x = (q . x/L) . ½ x qX (t/m’)
2
= ½ q x /L
Mx = RAV . x – QX . 1/3 x QX
2
= (1/6 q L) . x – (½ q x /L) . 1/3 x 2/3x 1/3x
3
Mx = 1/6 q L x – 1/6 q x /L …..(1) x

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Momen maksimum terjadi apabila gaya lintang sama dengan nol,
Dx = d(Mx)/dx = 0
3
= d(1/6 q L x – 1/6 q x /L )/dx
2
Dx = 1/6 q L – ½ q x /L …..(2)
2
1/6 q L – ½ q x /L = 0
2
x = 1/6 q L . 2 L /q
2
x =  (1/3 L )
x = 1/3 L3 …..(3)
= 1/3 . (6 m) .3
x = 3,464 m (dari perletakan A).

Substitusikan pers.(3) kedalam (1), maka diperoleh momen maksimum,

3
Mmaks = 1/6 q L . (1/3 L3) – 1/6 q (1/3 L3) /L
2
= 1/6 q L {1/33 – 1/93}
2
Mmaks = 1/27 q L 3 …..(4)
2
Mmaks = 1/27 x 3 x 6 x 3 = 6,9282 t.m’.

Tabel nilai momen dan gaya lintang

X Dx Mx
m ton ton.m'.
0 3.000 0.0000
0.5 2.938 1.4896
1.0 2.750 2.9167
1.5 2.438 4.2188
2.0 2.000 5.3333
2.5 1.438 6.1979
3.0 0.750 6.7500
3.5 -0.063 6.9271
4.0 -1.000 6.6667
4.5 -2.063 5.9063
5.0 -3.250 4.5833
5.5 -4.563 2.6354
6.0 -6.000 0.0000

5. Balok Diatas Dua Perletakan Memikul Muatan Campuran.

Penyelesaian :
a. Reaksi Perletakan.
QR = (3 t/m’) x (3 m) = 9 ton.
 MB = 0,
RAV . (6 m) – P1 . (5 m) + P2 . (4 m) – q . (3 m) . ½ .(3 m) = 0
2
RAV x 6 – 4 x 5 + 2 x 4 – ½ x 3 x 3 = 0
RAV = (20 – 8 + 13,5)/6
RAV = + 4,250 ton ()

 MA = 0,
– RBV . (6 m) + P1 . (1 m) – P2 . (2 m) + q . (3 m) . (4,5 m) = 0
– RBV x 6 + 4 x 1 – 2 x 2 + 3 x 3 x 4,5 = 0
RBV = (4 – 4 + 40,5)/6
RBV = + 6,750 ton ()

Kontrol :
 V = 0,
RAV + RBV – P1 + P2 – QR = 0
4,250 t + 6,750 t – 4 t + 2 t – 9 t = 0
13 t – 13 t = 0 …..(memenuhi)

b. Gaya Lintang.
DA-C = + RAV = + 4,250 ton.
DC-D = DA-C – P1 = + RAV – P1 = 4,250 – 4 = + 0,250 ton.
DD-E = DC-D + P2 = + RAV – P1 + P2
= 0,250 + 2 = + 2,250 ton.
DE-B = DD-E – QR = + RAV – P1 + P2 – QR
= 2,250 – 9 = – 6,750 t.
DE-B = – RBV (memenuhi)
c. M o m e n .
MC = + RAV . (1 m) = + 4,250 x 1 = + 4,250 ton.m’.
MD = + RAV . (2 m) – P1 . (1 m) = + 4,250 x 2 – 4 x 1 = 4,500 t.m’.
ME = + RAV . (3 m) – P1 . (2 m) + P2 . (1 m)
= + 4,250 x 3 – 4 x 2 + 2 x 1 = 6,750 t.m’.
MB = + RAV . (6 m) – P1 . (5 m) + P2 . (4 m) – q . (3 m) . ½ .(3 m)
= + 4,250 x 6 – 4 x 5 + 2 x 4 – 3 x 3 x ½ x 3
= + 25,500 – 20 + 8 – 13,5
MB = 0 t.m’ (memenuhi).

d. Tinjau titik dimana gaya lintang sama dengan nol.

Gaya lintang dihitung dari kanan kekiri,
Dx = – RBV + q . x = 0
x = RBV/q = (6,75 t)/(3 t/m’)
= 2,25 m (dari perletakan B).

Momen pada titik x = 2,25 m dari B,

2
Mx = RBV . x – ½ q . x
2
= 6,75 x 2,25 – ½ x 3 x (2,25)
Mx = + 7,59375 t.m’ (maksimum).
 WORKSHOP/PELATIHAN
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5

B
A C D E F G

a1 b1
a2 b2
a3 b3
a4 b4
a5 b5
L = 4 + X/2

Diketahui : Struktur seperti tergambar

Memikul gaya-gaya,
P1 = 1 ton ; P2 = 1,5 ton ; P3 = 4 ton ; P4 = 3 ton ; P5 = 2 ton.
a1 = 0,2 L ; a2 = 0,3 L ; a3 = 0,6 L ; a4 = 0,7 L ; a5 = 0,8 L
L = 4 + X/2 (meter).
X = Satu angka terakhir NRP saudara.
Misal, NRP. 112013002, maka X = 2 meter.

Diminta : Gambarkan bidang-bidang momen (M) dan gaya lintang (D).