Solutions to the Knowledge Assessment

Chapter 5 : Arithmetic Progression (AP)

1. (c) Given, 3, 10, 17 ...... and 63, 65, 67 ...... Then, Tn = 363
We have, 3 + (n - 1) ´ 7 = 63 + (n - 1) ´ 2 Þ a + (n - 1) d = 363
[Q for 3, 10, 17, ...... a = 3, d = 7 and for 63, 65, 67, Þ 3 + (n - 1) ´ 12 = 363
...., a = 63, d = 2] Þ 3 + 12 n - 12 - 363 = 0
Þ 3 + 7 n - 7 = 63 + 2 n - 2
Þ 12 n - 9 = 363
Þ 7 n - 7 = 60 + 2 n - 2
Þ 12 n = 372 Þ n = 31
Þ 5 n = 65
Hence, 31st term is the required term. (1)
Þ n = 13
n 6. The given AP is 17, 14, 11 ...... 40.
2. (b) We have, S = (a + l)
2 We have, l = last term = - 40
Where, a is the first term and l is the last term and d = common difference = 14 - 17 = - 3 (1)
2S \ 8th term from the end = l - (8 - 1)d
Þ =n
a+ l = - 40 - 7 ´ (-3)
Also, l = a + (n - 1)d = - 40 + 21 = - 19 (1)
l-a l-a 7. Let the four numbers be a - 3 d , a - d a + d
Þ d = =
n - 1 2S - 1 and a + 3 d .
a+l Then, sum = 50
l2 - a2 Þ (a - 3 d ) + (a - d ) + (a + d ) + (a + 3 d ) = 50
Þ d =
2S - (l + a) Þ 4a = 50
l2 - a2 25
On comparing with , we get Þ a=
k - (l + a) 2
Again, greatest = 4 ´ (least)
k = 2S
a + 3 d = 4(a - 3 d )
3. (b) Given 3x, (x + 8) and (5x + 2 ) are in AP.
Þ a + 3 d = 4 a - 12 d
3x + (5x + 2 )
\ x +8= 3
2 Þ 3a = 15 d Þ d = a
15
8x + 2
Þ x + 8= 3 25 5
2 Þ d = ´ Þd =
15 2 2 (1)
7
Þ x + 8 = 4x + 1 Þ 3x = 7 Þ x = 25 15
3 \ The numbers are a - 3 d = - =5
2 2
4. (b) Let the digits at ones, tens and hundreds places 25 5 25 5
be (a - d ), a and (a + d ) , respectively. a -d = - = 10, a + d = + = 15
2 2 2 2
Then, the number is 25 15
(a + d ) ´ 100 + a ´ 10 + (a - d ) = 111a + 99 d a + 3d = + = 20
2 2
The number obtained by reversing the digits is Hence, the numbers are 5, 10, 15 20. (1)
111a - 99 d .
Also, (a - d ) + a + (a + d ) = 15 …(i)
8. Given, first term = a and common difference = d
and 111a - 99 d = 111a + 99 d - 594 …(ii) \ an = a + (n - 1)d …(i)
Þ a = 5 and d = 3 and ak = a + (k - 1)d …(ii)
So, the number is 111 ´ 5 + 99 ´ 3 = 852 On subtracting Eq. (ii) from Eq. (i), we get
an - ak = [a + (n - 1) d ] - [a + (k - 1) d ]
5. Here, a = 3 and d = 15 - 3 = 12
Þ an - ak = a + (n - 1) d - a - (k - 1) d
\ 21st term is given by
Þ an - ak = (n - 1 - k + 1) d (1)
T21 = a + (21 - 1) d = a + 20 d = 3 + 20 ´ 12 = 243
\ Required term = 243 + 120 = 363 (1) Þ an - ak = (n - k ) d
Now, an - ak = (n - k ) d
Let it will be nth term.
 Þ a25 - a23 = (25 - 23) d [Q n = 25 and k = 23] n
Q Sn = [2 a + (n - 1) d ]
Þ 10 = 2d [Q a25 - a23 = 10, given] 2
d =5 né 1 ù
Þ \ - 25 = 2 (- 6) + (n - 1) æç ö÷
Hence, the common difference is 5. (1) 2 ëê è 2 ø ûú
9. The natural numbers between 200 and 1502 which n ( - 24 + n - 1)
Þ - 50 =
are exactly divisible by 3 are 201, 204, 207, …, 1497, 2 (1)
1500. æ n - 25 ö
Þ - 50 = n ç ÷
è 2 ø
These numbers form an AP whose first term, a = 201,
common difference, d = 3 and last term, l = 1500. Þ - 100 = n 2 - 25 n
Þ n 2 - 25 n + 100 = 0
Let the number of terms be n. Þ 2
n - 20 n - 5 n + 100 = 0
Then, an = l [by splitting the middle term] (1)
Þ a + (n - 1) d = 1500 Þ n (n - 20 ) - 5 (n - 20 ) = 0
Þ 201 + (n - 1)3 = 1500 (1) Þ (n - 5)(n - 20 ) = 0
Þ n - 5 = 0 or n - 20 = 0
Þ 201 + 3 n - 3 = 1500
Þ n = 5 or n = 20
Þ 3 n = 1302
Both the values of n are natural numbers.
Þ n = 434 …(i)
Hence, the sum of 5 terms or 20 terms of the given AP
n 434
Required sum = (a + l ) = (201 + 1500 ) will be - 25. (1)
2 2
= 217(1701) = 369117 13. In the given AP, let first term be a and common
difference be d.
Hence, the required sum is 369117. (1)
Then, Tn = a + (n - 1) d
10. Since, Puneet’s initially saving is ` 12 and further Þ T8 = a + (8 - 1) d , T38 = a + (38 - 1) d
increased his weekly saving by the same amount of
and T18 = a + (18 - 1) d
` 1.75, therefore his weekly saving from an AP
Þ T8 = (a + 7d ),T38 = (a + 37d ) (1)
Here, a = ` 12, d = ` 1.75 (1)
and T18 = (a + 17d )
in nth week, his saving = ` 20.75
Q nth term of an AP is an = a + (n - 1) d Now, T8 = 0 Þ a + 7d = 0
Þ 20.75 = 12 + (n - 1) ´ 175
. Þ a = -7d …(i) (1)
Þ (n - 1) ´ 175
. = 875
. \ T38 = a + 37d = (-7d + 37d ) = 30 d
875
. [using Eq. (i)]
Þ n - 1= =5
175
. and T18 = (-7d + 17d ) = 10 d [using Eq. (i)]
Þ n=6 (1) \ T38 = 30 d = 3 ´ (10 d ) = (3 ´ T18 )
11. We have, an = 5 - 6 n, n Î N ...(i) Hence, 38th term is triple its 18th term. (1)
Then, an + 1 = 5 - 6 (n + 1) = - 1 - 6 n ...(ii) Hence proved.
On subtracting Eq. (i) from Eq. (ii), we get 1 2
14. Given progression is 19, 18 , 17 , ...
5 5
an + 1 - an = (- 1 - 6 n ) - (5 - 6 n ) = - 6 (1) 91 87
or 19, , , ... …(i)
which is independent of n. 5 5
\ { an } is an AP. 91 91 - 95 4
Here, T2 - T1 = - 19 = =-
Also, a1 = 5 - 6 ´ 1 = - 1 5 5 5
87 91 4
\ Sum of n terms, and T3 - T2 = - =- (1)
5 5 5
æ a1 + a n ö æ -1 + 5 - 6 n ö éQ S = n (a +
Sn = n ç ÷ = n çè ÷ n l)ù Therefore, Eq. (i) is an AP with first term, a = 19 and
è 2 ø 2 ø êë 2 úû 4
common difference, d = - .
(1) 5
4 - 6n ö
= n æç ÷ Let the n th term of the given AP be the first negative
è 2 ø term. Then, n th term < 0
= n (2 - 3 n ) (1) Þ Tn < 0
11 1 é 4 ù
12. Here, a = - 6 and d = - - (- 6) = Þ 19 + (n - 1) æç - ö÷ < 0 [Q Tn = a + (n - 1) d ]
2 2 êë è 5 ø úû
Given, -25 is the sum of n terms of this AP, where n Î N. Þ 95 - 4n + 4 < 0
 Þ (99 - 4 n ) < 0 (1) 1
From Eq (i), we have a + 4 æç - ö÷ = 3
Þ 4 n > 99 è 2ø
99 Þ a - 2 = 3Þa = 5
Þ n>
4 Again, the sum of first sixteen terms
So, n = 25 i.e. 25th term is the first negative term of the 16 é 1 ù
S16 = 2(5) + (16 - 1) ´ æç - ö÷
given AP. (1) 2 ëê è 2 ø ûú
15. Here, T3 + T7 = 6 and T3 ´ T7 = 8 é
= 8 10 + æç
-15 ö ù
÷ = 80 - 60 = 20
êë è 2 ø úû
Let the first term = a and the common difference = d
\ nth term of an AP, Tn = a + (n - 1) d Hence, sum of first 16 term of the AP is 20. (2)
T3 = a + 2d and T7 = a + 6 d 16. Let a1, a2 be the first terms and d1, d 2 be the common
Q T3 + T7 = 6 differences of the two given AP’s.
\ (a + 2d ) + (a + 6 d ) = 6 [QTn = a + (n - 1) d ] Then, the sum of their nth terms are given by
Þ 2a + 8 d = 6Þ a + 4 d = 3 …(i) n
S n = [2 a1 + (n - 1)d1 ]
Again, T3 ´ T7 = 8 2
\ (a + 2d ) ´ (a + 6 d ) = 8 (1) n
and S n¢ = [2 a2 + (n - 1)d 2 ]
2
[Q T3 = a + (3 - 1)d , T4 = a + (4 - 1)d ]
n
Þ (a + 4 d - 2d ) ´ (a + 4d + 2 d ) = 8 {2 a1 + (n - 1)d1}
Sn 2
[(a + 4 d ) - 2d )] ´ [(a + 4 d ) + 2d ] = 8 \ =
Þ S n¢ n {2 a + (n - 1)d }
Þ [(3) - 2d )] ´ [(3) + 2d ] = 8 [from Eq. (i)] 2
2 2

Þ 32 - (2d )2 = 8 Þ 9 - 4d 2 = 8 2 a + (n - 1)d1
= 1
Þ - 4d 2 = 8 - 9 = - 1 2 a2 + (n - 1)d 2 (2)
-1 1
Þ d2 = = But it is given,
-4 4 Sn 5n + 1
1 =
Þ d =± S n¢ 2 n + 17
2 (1)
5n + 1 2 a + (n - 1)d1
1 \ = 1 …(i)
When, d = 2 n + 17 2 a2 + (n - 1)d 2
2
1 For finding the ratio of the mth terms of the two given
From Eq. (i), we have a + 4 æç ö÷ = 3
è2ø AP’s, we replace n by (2 m - 1) in Eq. (i), we get
Þ a + 2 = 3 or a = 3 - 2 = 1 2 a1 + (2 m - 1 - 1) d1 5(2 m - 1) + 1
=
n 2 a2 + (2 m - 1 - 1) d 2 2(2 m - 1) + 17 (1)
Now, on using S n = [2 a + (n - 1) d ], we get
2 2 a1 + (2 m - 2 ) d1 10 m - 4
16 é 1 15 Þ =
S16 = 2(1) + (16 - 1) ´ ù = 8 é2 + ù 2 a2 + (2 m - 2 ) d 2 4m + 15
2 ëê 2 ûú ëê 2 ûú
a1 + (m - 1) d1 10 m - 4
= 16 + 60 = 76 i.e. the sum of first 16 terms = 76 Þ =
a2 + (m - 1) d 2 4m + 15
(1)
1 Hence, the ratio of the mth terms of the two AP’s is
When, d =- (10 m - 4) : (4m + 15). (2)
2