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Angle Relationships

The Anatomy of an angle:

An angle is a geometric
figure formed when two
rays intersect at a common
point called a vertex.

Adjacent Angles
Angles that share: ∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠
• a common vertex
• a common ray
but…
• do not share any
common interior points

Vertical Angles
Angles opposite each other ∠1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠2 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠
where two lines intersect. ∠3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠4 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠

Ver?cal angles are congruent.

∠1 ≅ ∠2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠3 ≅ ∠4
 Complementary Angles
Two angles that sum to 90°.

∠𝐺𝐹𝐸 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐽𝐼𝐻 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 38° + 52° = 90°

∠𝐴𝑂𝐷 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐷𝑂𝐵 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 30° + 60° = 90°

Supplementary Angles
Two angles that sum to 180°.

∠𝐵𝑂𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑦

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 120° + 60° = 180°

∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑋𝑂𝑌 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑦

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 60° + 120° = 180°

Linear Pairs
Two angles that form a straight
angle.

These angles must be adjacent.

∠𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑠.

 Lines 𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠

𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑘 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑠

𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠.

When parallel lines are cut by a transversal the

following angle relationships are formed.

In the diagram below, lines m and n are parallel and

line t is the transversal.

Alternate Interior Angles

Pair of angles found between the parallel ∠3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠6 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠
lines but on opposite sides of the transversal. ∠4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠5 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠

These angles are congruent to each other. ∠3 ≅ ∠6 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠4 ≅ ∠5

Alternate Exterior Angles
Pair of angles found outside the parallel lines ∠1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠8 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠
and on opposite sides of the transversal. ∠2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠7 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠

These angles are congruent to each other. ∠1 ≅ ∠8 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠2 ≅ ∠7

Corresponding Angles
Pair of angles on the same side of the 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠:
transversal; one of the inside of the parallel ∠1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠5; ∠2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠6;
lines and one of the outside. ∠3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠7; ∠4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠8

These angles are congruent to each other. ∠1 ≅ ∠5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠2 ≅ ∠6

∠3 ≅ ∠7 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠4 ≅ ∠8
Same-Side Interior Angles
Pair of angles found between the parallel
lines on the same side of the transversals. ∠3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠5 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠
∠4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠6 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠
These angles are supplementary. 𝑚∠3 + 𝑚∠5 = 180°
𝑚∠4 + 𝑚∠6 = 180°