Basic mechanical engineering

Name: Jimmy Villegas Sadsad

Course,year& section:BSSE-3A

22 Principles of Plumbing from the Revised National Plumbing Code of the Philippines

1. CLEAN WATER: All premises intended for human habitation, occupancy or use shall be provided with a supply of pure
and wholesome water supplies nor subject to hazards of backflow or back-siphonage.

2. VOLUME AND PRESSURE: Plumbing fixtures, devices and appurtenances shall be supplies with water in sufficient
volume and at pressure adequate to enable them to function satisfactorily and without undue noise under all normal
conditions.

3. EFFIECIENCY: Plumbing shall be designed and adjusted to use the minimum quantity of water consistent with proper
performance and cleaning.

4.EXPLOSION: Devices for heating and storing water shall be so designed and installed as to prevent dangers from
explosion through overheating.

5.SEWER: Every building having plumbing fixtures installed and intended for human habitation, occupancy or USC on
premises abutting on a street, alley or easement where there is a public sewer, shall be connected to the sewer system.

6.PLUMBING UNIT: Each frunily dwelling unit on premises abutting on a sewer or with a private sewage-disposal system
shall have at least one water closet and one kitchen type sink. Further, a lavatory and bathtub or shower shall be installed to
meet the basic requirements of sanitation and personal hygiene.

7.VENTILATION: Plumbing fixtures shall be made of smooth non· absorbent material, free from concealed fouling
surfaces and shall be located in ventilated enclosures.

8.CLEANOUTS: The drainage system shall be designed, constructed and maintained to safeguard against fouling, deposit of
solids, clogging and with adequate clean outs so arranged that the pipes may be readily cleaned.

9.NAMPAP: All pipings of plumbing systems shall be of durable NAMPAP (National Master Plumbers Association of the
Philippines) APPROVED materials, free form defective workmanship,designed and constructed by Registered Master
Plumbers to ensure satisfactory service

10.TRAP: Each fixture directly connected to the drainage system shall be equipped with a water-sealed trap.

11.AIR CIRCULATION: The drainage piping system shall be designed to provide adequate circulation of air free from
siphonage, aspiration or forcing of trap seals under ordinary use

12.VENTI TERMINALS: Vent terminals shall extend to the outer air and installed to preempt cloggingand the return of
foul air to the building.

13.TEST: Plumbing systems shall be subjected to such tests to effectively disclose all leaks and defects in the workmanship.

14.SEWAGE HARM: No substance which will clog the pipes, produce explosive mixture, destroy the pipes or their joints or
interfere unduly with the sewage-disposal process shall be allowed to enter the building drainage system.

15.CONTAMINATION: Proper protection shall be provided to prevent contamination of food, water, sterile goods and
similar materials by backflow of sewage. When necessary, the fixture, device orappliance shall be connected indirectly with
the building drainage system.

16.WC LIGHT: No water closet shall be located in a room or compartment which is not properly lighted and ventilated.
17.SEPTIC TANK: If water closets or other plumbing fixtures are installed in buildings where there is no sewer within a
reasonable distance, suitable provision shall be made for disposing of the building sewage by some accepted method of
sewage treatment and disposal, such as a septic tank.

18.SEWAGE BACKFLOW: Where a plumbing drainage system may be subject tb backflow of sewage, suitable provision
shall be made to prevent its overflow in the building.

19.RMP: Plumbing systems shall be maintained in serviceable condition by Registered Master Plumbers.

20.ACCESSIBLE: All plumbing fixtures shall be installed properly spaced, to be accessible for their intended use.

21.STRUCTUIRAL STABILITY: Plumbing shall be installed by Registered Master Plumbers with due regard to the
preservation of the strength of structural members and the prevention of damage to walls and other surfaces through fixture
usage.

22.SEWAGE TREATMENT: Sewage or other waste from a plumbing system which may be deleterious to surface or sub-
surface waters shall not be discharged into the ground or into any waterway, unless first rendered innocuous through
subjection to some acceptable form of treatment

What are the different fitting and pipes?

When it comes to fittings and pipes, there are various types used in plumbing and other applications. Here are some
common fittings and pipes you might encounter:

1.**Elbow**:Elbows are fittings that allow a change in direction of the pipe. They come in different angles, such as 45
degrees and 90 degrees.

2.**Tee**:Tees are fittings that have three openings and allow the pipe to branch out into two directions.

3.**Coupling**:Couplings are used to join two pipes together. They are often used when pipes need to be extended or
repaired.
4.**Union**:Unions are similar to couplings but allow for easy disconnection of pipes. They consist of three parts: a nut, a
female end, and a male end.

5.**Reducer**:Reducers are used to connect pipes of different sizes. They have one end larger than the other.

6.**Flange**:Flanges are flat, circular fittings that are used to connect pipes together. They are often used in high-pressure
applications.

7.**Valve**:Valves are fittings that control the flow of fluids or gases through a pipe. They can be used to start, stop, or
regulate the flow.

As for pipes, there are different materials used, depending on the application. Some common types include:

1.**PVC**(Polyvinyl Chloride)**: PVC pipes are lightweight, durable, and resistant to corrosion. They are commonly used
for plumbing and irrigation systems.

2.**Copper**:Copper pipes are known for their excellent heat and electrical conductivity. They are commonly used for
water supply lines and heating systems.

3.**Galvanized Steel**:Galvanized steel pipes are coated with a layer of zinc to prevent rusting. They are commonly used
for water supply lines in older buildings.

4.**PEX**(Cross-linked Polyethylene)**: PEX pipes are flexible and easy to install. They are commonly used for water
distribution systems.

5.**HDPE**(High-Density Polyethylene)**: HDPE pipes are strong, durable, and resistant to chemicals. They are
commonly used for underground water and gas lines.

6.**Cast Iron**:Cast iron pipes are known for their durability and sound insulation properties. They are commonly used for
drainage systems.

TYPES OF PLUMBING MATERIALS

1. Copper: Copper pipes are durable, corrosion-resistant, and commonly used for water supply lines.

2. PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride): PVC pipes are lightweight, affordable, and widely used for drainage and vent systems.

3. PEX (Cross-linked Polyethylene): PEX pipes are flexible, easy to install, and often used for water supply lines.

4. Galvanized Steel: Galvanized steel pipes have a zinc coating to prevent corrosion and are commonly found in older
buildings.
5. CPVC (Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride): CPVC pipes are similar to PVC pipes but can withstand higher temperatures,
making them suitable for hot water supply lines.

6. Cast Iron: Cast iron pipes are strong and durable, commonly used for sewer and drain lines.

7. ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene): ABS pipes are black plastic pipes commonly used for drain, waste, and vent
systems.

8. Polyethylene: Polyethylene pipes are used for water supply lines and irrigation systems, known for their flexibility and
resistance to chemicals.

9. Brass: Brass pipes are corrosion-resistant and often used for water supply lines and fittings.

10. Stainless Steel: Stainless steel pipes are durable, corrosion-resistant, and suitable for both water supply and drainage
systems.

11. Polypropylene: Polypropylene pipes are lightweight, easy to install, and used in both residential and commercial
plumbing systems.

12. Ductile Iron: Ductile iron pipes are strong, durable, and commonly used for water distribution systems.

13. Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX-AL-PEX): PEX-AL-PEX pipes have an aluminum layer sandwiched between layers of
PEX, providing added strength and resistance to temperature fluctuations.

14. HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene): HDPE pipes are known for their high strength, durability, and resistance to
chemicals, often used for underground water and sewer lines.

15. Concrete: Concrete pipes are durable and commonly used for sewer and drainage systems, especially in larger
infrastructure projects.