KYRGYZ STATE MEDICAL ACADEMY BISHKEK KYGYZSTAN

Named after I.K AKHUNBAEV

PSYCHATRY INDEPENDENT WORK

TOPIC NO# 18
Rehabilitation, mental health and prevention of mental and behavioral
disorder.

Completed By student
Afaq Muhammad.
Course 5th_Group 24
 Date _09/12/2023_.
INTRODUCTION
The relationship between rehabilitation and psychiatry has been referred to as an
"uneasy alliance" (Bacharach, 1992). Terms like psychiatric rehabilitation and
psychosocial rehabilitation have been used interchangeably. While there is no
commonly endorsed definition of rehabilitation in psychiatry, there appears to be
several common concepts and values shared across 'models' or approaches. This
shared philosophy is succinctly summarized by Bacharach (1992). She defines
psychosocial rehabilitation as "a therapeutic approach to the care of mentally ill
individuals that encourages capacities through learning procedures and environmental
supports".
Psychiatric rehabilitation
Also known as psych social rehabilitation, and sometimes simplified to psych
rehab by providers, is the process of restoration of community functioning and well-
being of an individual diagnosed in mental health or emotional disorder and who may
be considered to have a psychiatric disability.
Society affects the psychology of an individual by setting a number of rules,
expectations and laws. Psychiatric rehabilitation work is undertaken by rehabilitation
counselors (especially the individuals educated in psychiatric rehabilitation), licensed
professional counselors (who work in the mental health field), psych rehab
consultants or specialists (in private businesses), university level Masters and PhD
levels, classes of related disciplines in mental health (psychiatrists, social
workers, psychologists, occupational therapists) and community support or allied
health workers represented in the new direct support professional workforce in the
United States (e.g., psychiatric aides).
These workers seek to effect changes in a person's environment and in a person's
ability to deal with his/her environment, so as to facilitate improvement
in symptoms or personal distress and life outcomes. These services often "combine
pharmacologic treatment (often required for program admission), independent living
and social skills training, psychological support to clients and their families,
housing, vocational rehabilitation and employment, social support and network
enhancement and access to leisure activities.The key role of professionals to generate
insight about the illness with the help of demonstration of symptoms and prognosis to
the patients.
There is often a focus on challenging stigma and prejudice to enable social inclusion,
on working collaboratively in order to empower clients, and sometimes on a goal of
full recovery. The latter is now widely known as a recovery approach or model.
Recovery is a process rather than an outcome. It is a personal journey that is about the
rediscovery of self in the process of learning to live with the debilitations of the
illness rather than being defined by illness with hope, planning and community
engagement.
Yet, new in these fields is a person-centered approach to recovery and client-centered
therapy based upon Carl Rogers. and user-service direction (as approved in the U.S.
by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services).
Theory:
The theoretical base for psychosocial then psychiatric rehabilitation is community
support theory as the foundational theory; it is aligned with integration and
community integration theories, psychosocial theories, and the rehabilitation and
educational paradigms. Its fluid nature is due to variability in development and
integration into other essential fields such as family support theories (for this
population group) which has already developed its own evidence-based parent
education models.
The concept of psychiatric rehabilitation is associated with the field of community
rehabilitation and later on social psychiatry and is not based on a medical model of
disability or the concept of mental illness which is often associated with the words
"mental health". However, it can also incorporate elements of a social model of
disability as part of progressive professional community field. The academic field
developed concurrently with the formation of new mental health agencies in the US,
now often offering supported housing services.
Mental Health:
Mental health refers to cognitive, behavioral, and emotional well-being. It is all about
how people think, feel, and behave. People sometimes use the term “mental health”
to mean the absence of a mental disorder. Mental health can affect daily living,
relationships, and physical health.
Prevention:
Prevention efforts can vary based on the, audience they are addressing, level of
intensity they are providing, and the development phase they target. Figure 1 depicts
the different types of prevention as defined by the Institute of Medicine. As
prevention efforts move from universal prevention interventions to treatment they
increase in intensity and become more individualized.

Interventions may vary not only based on level of intensity, as seen in Figure 1, but
also on the development phase of the youth. Figure 2 provides examples of
preventive interventions for each of the developmental stages through young
adulthood.

Mental Health Behavioural Disorders

A behaviour disorder is a disorder where in conscious choice is necessary.
The classic example of a behaviour disorder is a substance-related disorder (such as
substance abuse or substance dependence) as the person suffering from the disorder
makes the conscious decision to use the substance.
A behaviour disorder is a disorder wherein conscious choice is necessary.
The classic example of a behaviour disorder is a substance-related disorder (such
as substance abuse or substance dependence) as the person suffering from the
disorder makes the conscious decision to use the substance. Another example of
behaviour disorders are eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa.
A mental disorder that is not behavioural in nature is something with symptoms that
are considered to be involuntary. Examples of these types of illnesses
include Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, mood disorders such as bipolar
disorder, and anxiety disorders such as social anxiety disorder.
While classic thinking may have suggested that non-behavior disorders are more
inheritable than behavior disorders, the study Psychiatric 'Diseases' Versus
Behavioral Disorders and Degree of Genetic Influence shows differently. According
to the study, the heritability estimates are as follows:
 Bipolar disorder – 85%
 Schizophrenia – 81%
 Alzheimer's disease – 75%
 Cocaine use disorder – 72%
 Anorexia nervosa – 60%
 Alcohol dependence – 56%
 Sedative use disorder – 51%
 Cannabis use disorder – 48%
 Panic disorder – 43%
 Stimulant use disorder – 40%
 Major depressive disorder – 37%
 Generalized anxiety disorder – 28%
While non-behavior disorders top the list, many behavior disorders are more
heritable than non-behavior disorders.