INTRODUCTION

In the middle of the 1900s, three big things happened that changed how countries and
people thought about rights and power. First, there was this important paper called the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It said everyone should have certain basic
rights no matter who they are. Things like being treated fairly and with respect.
At the same time, there was a big fight going on between two powerful groups, the
United States and the Soviet Union. They were arguing about their ways of doing
things, and this fight affected how they talked about rights. The United States focused
on freedoms like speaking your mind, while the Soviet Union cared more about things
like having a good job and healthcare but even after countries got their independence,
the places that used to be colonies still had a tough time being truly free. The countries
that used to control them still had a lot of power over them, especially in money and
politics. This made it hard for these places to grow and make their own decisions.
All these things happening together, the important rights paper, the big fight between
countries, and the old powers still having control, changed how people thought about
rights around the world. It showed that while everyone wanted rights for everyone, it
was also really complicated because of how countries and power worked.

UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS (UDHR)

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted by the United Nations
General Assembly in 1948, emerging in the aftermath of World War II with the aim of
establishing a universal framework for fundamental human rights applicable to all
individuals. Comprising 30 articles, this document delineates a comprehensive array of
rights encompassing civil, political, economic, social, and cultural spheres, devoid of
discrimination based on nationality, ethnicity, or religion. Its significance resonates
profoundly within international human rights law, serving as a cornerstone that has
influenced subsequent treaties and global legislation. Beyond its legal impact, the
UDHR holds immense moral weight, affirming the inherent dignity and entitlements of
every person, thereby serving as a guiding ethical benchmark for nations and societies
worldwide.