Hvac Design PDF

HOTEL HVAC SYSTEM DESIGN
IN PARTIAL FULLFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS IN
SUBMITTED BY:
SUBMITTED TO:
INSTRUCTOR
I. Topic Objectives
* To apply the basic knowledge learned in HVAC Systems Design Course.
* Perform cooling load calculations.
* Design air distribution system.
* Choose the right equipment for the project.
* Understand the concepts of thermodynamics and heat transfer as applicable to commercial HVAC
industry.
II. TITLE PAGE
HOTEL HVAC SYSTEM DESIGN
III. PREFACE
This design is dedicated to help students understand Heating, Ventilation and Air conditioning
systems through the use of this design concept. This design will help students in the computations of Heat
Loads, the Design Condition of a Condition Space, Factors affecting External Heat Load and Internal Heat
Load, the Ventilation of the design, the Infiltration of outside Air design in the Conditioned Space, the
Psychometric Processes involved in the design, the Distribution of Air and the Selection of Air Handling
Unit, Chiller and Ducting. This design is an application of the course, HVAC SYSTEMS DESIGN
The tables, charts, figures, illustrations and references are included to reinforce the content of this
study while improving understandability. Dedication has been taken to maximize the learnings of HVAC
systems to the readers of this design project. We hope that this design will fulfil its objectives and thus be
useful for the next generations of students.
IV. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors wish to convey their deepest appreciation and gratitude to the significant people who
contributed to the success of this design:
TABLE OF CONTENTS
❖ Topic Objectives
❖ Acknowledgements
❖ Preface
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Statement of the problem
1.3 Definition of terms
1.4 Purpose of HVAC
1.5 Principles of load calculations
1.6 Principles of Cooling load
1.7 Indoor design condition
1.8 Outdoor design condition
❖ CHAPTER I : Vicinity, Maps, Layouts, elevation and Drawings

• Introduction
• Vicinity map
• Lay outs :
a) Architectural
b) Lighting
c) Equipment / Appliances
d) A/C equipment
e) Ductwork
❖ Elevation Drawings
❖ CHAPTER II : EXTERNAL LOAD
• Introduction
• Formulas
• External load Calculations
• Summary of external loads
❖ CHAPTER III : INTERNAL LOAD

• Introduction
• Formulas
• Internal load Calculations
• Summary of Internal loads
❖ CHAPTER IV : VENTILATION AND INFILTRATION

• Definition of Ventilation
• Definition of Infiltration
• Formulas
• Calculations
• Summary of ventilation/infiltration loads
❖ CHAPTER V : SYSTEM HEAT GAIN

• Introduction
• Calculations
• Summary of Heat gains
❖ CHAPTER VI : PSYCHOMETRICS
• Introduction
• Basic air properties
• Calculations
❖ CHAPTER VII : AIR DISTRIBUTION
• Introduction
• Ducting table
❖ CHAPTER VIII : EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATION
• Calculations
❖ CHAPTER IX: RECOMMENDATIONS
• Tips on Minimization of Heat Gains
• Energy savings
• Maintenance
❖ REFERENCE
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Relaxation is a great way to help with stress management. It isn’t just about peace of mind
or enjoying a hobby, thus it’s a process that decreases the effects of stress on a person’s mind and
body. Relaxation can help a person cope with everyday stress and with stress related to various health
problems and physical exhausted. People always want to rest on typical days especially on special
occasion, events or even just for summer vacation. People book either a hotel just to spend time with
their love ones.
Hotel is a Five Star Class hotel located at Pasay City. This study aims to design an HVAC
SYSTEMS in which is asked to calculate the heat gain loads through walls, roof, ceiling and door
and also to calculate the exfiltration load which leads to calculate the grand total heat load of the
room. We also need to calculate internal loads. After the calculations, the design also needs to
figure out what desired equipment to be used to satisfy the conditions.
We also need to specify the economic analysis and environmental considerations of this
design.
1.2 Statement of the Problem

Design the centralized air conditioning system 300 TONS OF REFRIGERATION (Chilled Water
System) of the building using the following data and conditions:
1. Summer month - March
2. Exposure - 12 Degree North Latitude
3. Sun Time - 1 P.M.
4. Daily Range - 16oF
5. Summer Ambient Temperature - 96oF DB and 81oF WB
6. Inside Room Design

a. Restaurant - 74oF DB and 50% RH
b. Offices and Lobbies - 78oF DB and 55% RH
c. Hotel Rooms - 70oF DB and 50% RH
- Regular glass
- Medium coloured with
7. Glass Windows
inside cloth
- 1.3 m x 1.65 m
8. Glass Doors (Balcony) - 0.9 m x 2.2 m

- Hollow concrete block
- Sand and gravel aggregate
- 12 inches thick
9. Outside Walls
- No interior finish
- Granite finishing 1 cm
thick
- Concrete slab 6 inches
thick
- 2 inches fibre-board
10. Roof
insulation
- Suspended acoustic tile
ceiling
- Acoustic tile glued 3/4
11. Ceiling inches thick
a. Restaurant - Medium density fibreboard
b. Offices and Lobbies - Aluminium linear ceiling
c. Hotel Rooms - Suspended acoustic tile
ceiling
- Hollow concrete block 8
inches thick
12. Partition
- Gypsum board 1/4 inches
thick
13. Floor - Floor tile 8 inches thick

- Sand aggregate
a. Floor to floor height - 4 meters
b. Floor to ceiling height - 2.5 meters
14. Apply the factor with sash and diversity factor
15. Safety Factor - 10%

16. Lighting Load
a. Restaurant - 1 x 36 Watts T-5
b. Office and Lobbies - 2 x 36 Watts T-5
c. Hotel Rooms - 3 x 36 Watts T-5
17. Schedule of Occupancy and Power in Watts:
A. Ground Floor
No. of Power Lights

Room (Watts)
People (Watts)
Restaurant 1 35 - 25 × 3 × 18
Restaurant 2 25 - 20 × 3 × 18
Restaurant 3 25 - 20 × 3 × 18
Lift Lobby 4 - 4 × 2 × 36
2 × 900
Bar and Lounge 20 10 × 3 × 18
(Coffee Brewer)
2 × 155
Main Lobby 15 10 × 2 × 36
(Computer Unit)
18 × 155
Office 20 20 × 2 × 36
(Computer Unit)
B. Second Floor
No. of Power Lights

Room (Watts)
People (Watts)
8 × 155
Executive Lounge 2-1 16 19 × 3 × 18
(Computer Unit)
8 × 155
(Computer Unit)
8 × 155
(Computer Unit)
8 × 155
(Computer Unit)
8 × 155
(Computer Unit)
Lift Lobby 2 - 5 × 2 × 36
Service Lift Lobby 2 - 4 × 2 × 36
1 × 200 (Mini-
Hotel Room 201 4 fridge) 1 × 36
1 × 100 (LCD TV)

1 × 200 (Mini-
1 × 100 (LCD TV)

1 × 200 (Mini-
1 × 100 (LCD TV)

1 × 200 (Mini-
1 × 100 (LCD TV)

1 × 200 (Mini-
1 × 100 (LCD TV)

1 × 200 (Mini-
1 × 100 (LCD TV)

1 × 200 (Mini-
1 × 100 (LCD TV)

1 × 200 (Mini-
1 × 100 (LCD TV)

1 × 200 (Mini-
1 × 100 (LCD TV)

1 × 200 (Mini-
1 × 100 (LCD TV)

1 × 200 (Mini-
1 × 100 (LCD TV)

1 × 200 (Mini-
1 × 100 (LCD TV)

1 × 200 (Mini-
1 × 100 (LCD TV)
C. Third Floor
No. of Power Lights

Room (Watts)
People (Watts)
1 × 100 (Mini-
4 fridge) 1 × 36
E-K BAL 1 (Room 324)
1 × 200 (LCD TV)
1 × 100 (Mini-
4 fridge) 1 × 36
1 × 200 (LCD TV)
1 × 100 (Mini-
4 fridge) 1 × 36
1 × 200 (LCD TV)
1 × 100 (Mini-
4 fridge) 1 × 36
1 × 200 (LCD TV)
1 × 100 (Mini-
E-K BAL 5 (Room 318) 4 1 × 36
fridge)
1 × 200 (LCD TV)
1 × 100 (Mini-
4 fridge) 1 × 36
1 × 200 (LCD TV)
1 × 100 (Mini-
4 fridge) 1 × 36
1 × 200 (LCD TV)
1 × 100 (Mini-
4 fridge)
E-K BAL 8 (Room 312) 1 × 36
1 × 200 (LCD TV)
1 × 100 (Mini-
4 fridge) 1 × 36
1 × 200 (LCD TV)
1 × 100 (Mini-
4 fridge) 1 × 36
1 × 200 (LCD TV)
1 × 100 (Mini-
4 fridge) 1 × 36
1 × 200 (LCD TV)
1 × 100 (Mini-
4 fridge) 1 × 36
1 × 200 (LCD TV)
1 × 100 (Mini-
4 fridge) 1 × 36
1 × 200 (LCD TV)
1 × 100 (Mini-
4 fridge) 1 × 36
1 × 200 (LCD TV)
1 × 100 (Mini-
E-D/D 15 (Room 301) 4 1 × 36
fridge)
1 × 200 (LCD TV)
1 × 100 (Mini-
4 fridge) 1 × 36
E-K 16 (Room 302)
1 × 200 (LCD TV)
1 × 100 (Mini-
4 fridge) 1 × 36
HCK 17 (Room 307)
1 × 200 (LCD TV)
1 × 100 (Mini-
4 fridge)
E-D/D 18 (Room 309) 1 × 36
1 × 200 (LCD TV)
1 × 100 (Mini-
4 fridge) 1 × 36
E-K 19 (Room 311)
1 × 200 (LCD TV)
1 × 100 (Mini-
4 fridge) 1 × 36
E-K 20 (Room 313)
1 × 200 (LCD TV)
1 × 100 (Mini-
4 fridge) 1 × 36
E-K 21 (Room 315)
1 × 200 (LCD TV)
1 × 100 (Mini-
4 fridge) 1 × 36
E-D/D 22 (Room 317)
1 × 200 (LCD TV)
1 × 100 (Mini-
4 fridge) 1 × 36
E-K 23 (Room 319)
1 × 200 (LCD TV)
1 × 100 (Mini-
4 fridge) 1 × 36
E-K 24 (Room 323)
1 × 200 (LCD TV)
1 × 100 (Mini-
E-K 25 (Room 325) 4 fridge) 1 × 36
1 × 200 (LCD TV)

Lift Lobby 2 - 2 × 36
Service Lift Lobby 2 - 2 × 36
Guest Corridor 2 - 2 × 36
1.3 Definition of Terms
1. Absolute Humidity is the present amount of water vapor per unit volume of air.
2. Air Change is the amount of fresh air that is equal to the volume of the condition space.
3. Air-Conditioning is the simultaneous control of temperature, humidity, cleanliness and
motion of air in an enclosed space.
4. Air Exfiltration is the uncontrolled flow of indoor air through cracks, doors, windows
and other possible openings that is within the vicinity of the confined space because of
wind pressure.
5. Air Handling Unit or AHU is a type of air-conditioner that supplies, regulates and
conditions the air through ventilations or ducting system.
6. Air Infiltration is the uncontrolled flow of outdoor air through cracks, doors, windows
and other possible openings that is within the vicinity of the confined space because of
wind pressure.
7. Air leakage is the leakage of air, in or out of the building of space usually driven by
artificially induce or influencing pressure.
8. Building Envelope is the total area of the boundary surfaces of a building through which
heat, light, air and moisture are transferred between the in-space and outside space.
9. By Pass Factor is the fraction of air moving through a conditioning apparatus which is
considered to pass through completely unaltered. (1-BF) is frequently called the contact
factor and is that portion of the air leaving the apparatus dew point.
10. Centrifugal Fan is a mechanical device for moving air or other gases. The terms
"blower" and "squirrel cage fan", (because it looks like a hamster wheel), are frequently
used as synonyms. These fans increase the speed and volume of an air stream with the
rotating impellers.
11. Commercial Building is a building whose primary purpose is to provide space for
commercial activity. This includes office, plant and factory just to name a few.
12. Condensate is the moisture removed from the air when it is cooled below its dew point,
normally associated with the moisture removal during dehumidification process.
13. Condensation is the precipitation of liquid from its vapour phase yielding to a constant
pressure and lower temperature, especially the deposition of water from moist, warm air to
onto a relatively cold surface between two surfaces such as thin wall
14. Conductance Thermal is the time rate of the heat flow through a material medium in which
kinetic energy is transmitted by particles of the material from a particle to particle without
gross displacement of the particles.
15. Conductivity Thermal is the time rate of the heat flow through unit area and unit thickness
of a homogenous material under the steady conditions when a unit temperature gradient is
maintained in the direction perpendicular to area.
16. Cooling Load is the rate which the heat must be extracted from a space to maintain a desired
room condition.
17. Convection is transference of heat through a liquid or gas by the actual movement of the
fluid.
18. Dehumidification is the process of reducing the moisture content of the air.
19. Dehumidifier is an air cooler or washer used for lowering the moisture content of the air
passing through it. An absorbing device for removing the moisture air.
20. Dew Point Apparatus is the temperature which would result if the psychometric process
occurring in a dehumidifier, humidifier or surface- cooler were carried to the saturation
condition of the leaving air while maintaining the same saturation of the sensible to total heat
load in the process.
21. Duct is a passage way made of thin metals or other suitable materials, it is used for delivering
air or other gas at low temperature.
22. Duct Air Leakage is an air which leaks out from the supply air ducts
23. Enthalpy is a mixture of dry air and water vapour is the sum of the enthalpy of dry
air and the enthalpy of water vapour
24. Entropy is the ratio if the heat added to substance to the absolute temperature at which it is
added
25. Heat is a form of energy that is transferred by virtue of a temperature difference.
26. Heat latent refers to the heat added of removed during a change of state of a substance
wherein the temperature remains constant.
27. Heat sensible is the heat absorbed or evolved by a substance during a change of temperature
that is not accompanied by change of state.
28. Heat specific is the ratio of the amount of the heat required to raise the temperature of a given
mass of any substance one degree to the quantity required to raise the temperature if an equal
mass of a standard substance.
29. Heat transfer refers to the movement of heat energy from one body to another (solid, liquid
or gas or combination thereof) by means of radiation, convection or conduction.
30. Humidification is the process if increasing the moisture content of the air transferring a mass
of water to the atmospheric air.
31. Humidity is defined as the amount of moisture or water vapour in the air.
32. Humidity absolute is the amount of water vapour present in a unit volume of air, express in
kilogram per cubic meter.
33. Humidity specific is the amount of water vapour presents in the air expressed in kg of water
vapour per kg of dry air. It is also called humidity ratio.
34. Humidity relative refers to the ratio of the actual partial pressure exerted by the water vapour
in any volume of air to the saturation pressure corresponding to the dry bulb temperature of
the air express in percentage.
35. Infiltration is the air flowing inward through a wall crack or opening.
36. Psychrometric Chart is a graphical presentation of the physical properties of moist air at a
constant pressure.
37. Psychrometry is a branch of physics that deals with the measurement of an atmospheric
conditions and the study of the properties of mixtures of air and water vapour.
38. Saturation Ratio or Degree of saturation is the ratio of the actual specific humidity to the
specific humidity of saturated air at the same dry bulb temperature.
39. Dew point temperature is the temperature where the water vapour content of the moist air
humid air becomes saturated and any further cooling will cause condensation.
40. Dry bulb temperature is the temperature of air measured by an ordinary mercury
thermometer.
41. Wet bulb temperature is the temperature of air measured by an ordinary mercury
thermometer whose bulb is covered by wet cotton wick and expose to the current of rapid
moving air.
42. Vapor is a gas particularly one near the equilibrium with the liquid phase of the substance
and which does not follow the gas laws, usually used instead of gas for the refrigerant and in
general, for any gas below the critical temperature.
43. Ventilation is the process of supplying or removing air, by natural or mechanical means to
or from any space such as air may or may not have been conditioned.
1.4 Purpose of the HVAC
HVAC or Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning is a technology installed within structures to

regulate and filter air in accordance to the desired condition of the condition space. It attains to provide
thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality. To achieve this a series of mechanical equipment are
used for a designed system that aims to attain the desired output. Also along with the desired of attaining
the desired condition of the condition space, is the full utilization of energy that is being used during the
operation of the system. Particular HVAC system basic objectives are:
• To ensure and maintain the comfort cooling or comfort heating within the conditioned space at an
acceptable range.
• To continuously supply oxygen for the use of the occupants inside.
• To prevent air contaminants such as odor, dust and carbon dioxide to remain within the conditioned
space.
• To remove internal heat gain or prevent internal heat loss that is caused by processes, equipment and
occupants.
• To provide a special environmental condition only suited for a particular product or equipment.
1.5 Purpose of Load Calculations
The first step of designing an HVAC system is by load calculations. Heating and cooling loads is the
measurement of energy needed to be added or removed from the conditioned space in order to meet.
• To identify the appropriate size and type of the equipment used for the HVAC system of the
conditioned space.
• To help achieve optimal building performance wherein it utilize the construction of the building
itself.
• To avoid any possible iterations to the conditioned space.
• To administer sufficient data for the best possible load reduction.
• To help determine analysis of partial loads as required for system design operation and control.
1.6 Principles of Cooling Load

Heat gain or instantaneous rate of the heat gain is the rate of heat wherein it travels or is being
yield at a given space with respect to time. According to www.engineeringtoolbox.com, it is the
design cooling load or heat gain is the amount of energy needed to be removed from the conditioned
space by the HVAC system in order to maintain the desired indoor design temperature with respect
to the worst case outdoor design temperature. The two types of cooling loads are:
• Sensible Cooling Loads
• Latent Cooling Loads
Sensible Cooling Load refers to the dry bulb temperature of the conditioned space. It
influences directly the heat to space that results to an increase in space temperature. The following
are the factors that influence sensible cooling load:
• Glass windows and doors
• Sunlight that passes through windows and other transparent surfaces
• Exterior walls
• Partitions
• Ceilings
• Roofs
• Floors over an open crawl space
• Air infiltrations from cracks, windows and doors
• People
• Operating equipment and appliances
• Lights
Latent Cooling Load refers to the wet bulb temperature of the conditioned space or the heat
contained in water vapor. Latent heat does not cause temperature rise but is considered to be load on
the cooling equipment. This is a type of cooling load that should be removed in order to condense
the moisture out of the air. The following factors influence the latent cooling load:
• People
• Equipment and appliances
• Air infiltration from cracks, windows and doors.
1.7 Indoor Design Conditions
The dry bulb temperature and the relative humidity at the air are needed to be maintained
within the room for the normal breathing of the occupants. Inline to this design, the team design a
HVAC system for a hotel in low dry bulb temperature and high relative humidity which causes
relaxation to occupants.
Hotels, as mention earlier are commonly maintained at a temperature of 70 degrees
Farenheight or above with a humidity of around 50%. With this statement, the indoor design
condition to be maintained inside the room will be:
Room Temperature 70℉
Relative Humidity = 50%

OUTDOOR DESIGN
The walls of the Marriot Hotel are faced in different directions as we

can see in the floor plan. The highest recorded dry bulb
temperature in Pasay City is 35 degree Celcius while the highest
relative humidity is 50% RH.
Highest Temperarure = 95℉
Highest Relative Humidity = 50%
Chapter 1: VICINITY MAP, LAYOUTS, AND ELEVATION DRAWINGS

Introduction
The orientation of the Hotel, facing 12-degree north latitude. The Philippines is located near the
equator, that causes the areas near the equator to receive high amounts of sunlight due to the inclination of
the earth and so, the summer ambient resulting to reach temperature of its location to 96oF DB and 81oF
WB. The Hotel has an inside room design of a restaurant by 74oF DB and 50% RH, an office and lobbies
by 78oF DB and 55% RH, hotel rooms at 70oF DB and 50% RH. The glass works of this hotel uses regular
glasses with a size of 1.3m x 1.65m for glass windows, and 0.9m x 2.2m for glass doors. For outside walls,
they used hollow concrete blocks, sand and gravel aggregate, granite finishing 1cm thick. For its roof,
concrete slab 6 inches thick, 2 inches fibre-board insulation, and suspended acoustic tile ceiling were used
for its construction. Acoustic tile glued 3/4 inches thick, medium density fibre-board, aluminum linear
ceiling, and also suspended acoustic tile ceiling for the ceiling of restaurant, offices, lobbies, and hotel
rooms. For its partition, they used hollow concrete block 8 inches thick and gypsum board 1/4 inches thick.
And lastly for floor’s floor to floor height, and floor to ceiling height are floor tile 8 inches thick, and sand
aggregate.
Vicinity Map
Layouts
o Architectural
o Lighting
1st Floor
2nd Floor
3rd Floor
o Equipment / appliances
o A/C equipment
1ST Floor
2nd Floor
3rd Floor
o Ductwork if needed
1st Floor
2nd Floor
3rd Floor
Elevation Drawings
1st Floor
2nd Floor
3rd Floor
CHAPTER 2: EXTERNAL LOAD
INTRODUCTION
Heat can only be transferred by conduction or radiation, from one body to another from
hottest to coldest for example, how does a heat pass through the wall? It doesn’t directly
pass through it. If the heat is falling in a wall it will heat the wall up but the other side is at
a low temperature, the other side of the wall transfers heat to the cold side of the wall by
what we call conduction. If the heat is falling on the wall it will eventually heats up the
other side but, slowly. This is how a heat passes through the wall from one side to another.
While we have what we call solar heat gains it is a radiation from the sun that passes
through a window of a home or even a room in your window. We will show here how to
calculate heat gains using the formulas we provided.
FORMULAS :
• HEAT GAIN THROUGH WALL
𝑄𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙 = (𝑈𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙 )(𝐴𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙 )(𝛥𝑡)
Where :
𝑄𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙 = Heat gain through wall
𝑈𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙 = over all heat transfer coefficient through the wall (𝑊⁄𝑚2 . 𝑘 )
𝐴𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙 = Area of the wall 𝑚2
𝛥𝑡 = difference between outside and inside temperature ͦC
• HEAT GAIN THROUGH FLOOR
𝑄𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟 = (𝑈𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟 )(𝐴𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟 )(𝛥𝑡)
Where :
𝑄𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟 = Heat Gain Through Floor (kW)
𝑈𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟 = Over all heat transfer coefficient on the floor (𝑊⁄𝑚2 . 𝑘 )
𝐴𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟 = Area of the floor 𝑚2
• HEAT GAIN THROUGH THE CEILING

𝑄𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔= (𝑈𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 )(𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 )(𝛥𝑡
Where :
𝑄𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 = Heat Gain Through ceiling (kW)
𝑈𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 = Over all heat transfer coefficient on the ceiling (𝑊⁄𝑚2 . 𝑘 )
𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 = Area of the ceiling 𝑚2
• HEAT GAIN THROUGH DOOR
𝑄𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 = (𝑈𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 )(𝐴𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 )(𝛥𝑡)
Where :
𝑄𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 = Heat Gain Through door (kW)
𝑈𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 = Over all heat transfer coefficient on the door (𝑊⁄𝑚2 . 𝑘 )
𝐴𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 = Area of the door 𝑚2
• The over – all heat transfer coefficient, denoted as U , can be detrmined

by the formula
Where :
𝑓𝑜 = outside heat transfer coefficient (𝑊⁄𝑚2 . 𝑘 )

∆𝑥 = Prescribed thickness of the materials (m)
𝑘 = Thermal Conductivity Material (𝑊⁄𝑚 . 𝑘 )
𝐶 = Conductance of material (𝑊⁄𝑚2 . 𝑘 )
𝑓𝑖 = inside heat transfer coefficient (𝑊⁄𝑚2 . 𝑘
Calculations (EXTERNAL)
GROUND FLOOR
Outside temp = 35℃
Inside temp = 21℃
RESTAURANT 82 m x 231.99 m 70 people
Heat Gain through wall (𝑄𝑤𝑎 ) = (𝜇𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 )(𝐴𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 )(∆𝑡)
Materials
Concrete = 1.4 w/m℃
Gypsum board = 0.16 w/m℃
Metal Stud Framing with mineral = 31.2504w/m℃

• WALL
FACE LXW A K X
SIDE A 112m x 65m 7706.25 m2 1.4 0.20
SIDE B 112.5m x 65m 7706.25 m2 1.4 0.20
SIDE C 112.5m x 65m 7706.25 m2 1.4 0.20
SIDE D 112.5m x 65m 7706.25 m2 1.4 0.20
∆k∆T
Qwall = n ( )
x
(7706.85)(1.4)(1.4)
=4 ( )
0.20
𝑄𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑜𝑟
• ROOF/CEILING
A∆T
QR = x1 x2
+
k1 k 2
(7706.25)(14)
QR = 0.191 0.889
0.16 + 31.2504
𝑜𝑟
• FLOOR
Ak∆t
Qfloor =
x
(7706.25)(1.4)(1.4)
Qfloor =
0.80
• LIGHTING
QL = Number of lights x watts
QL = Number of people x watts
QL = (17)(60)
Qp = 121(280)
𝑜𝑟
Q R = Q w + Q c + Q F + QL + Qp
= 3020.85 + 882.73 + 188.80 + 1.02 + 33.88
Q 4127.28
m= =
Cp ∆t (1.0062)(14)
ROOM LOAD
FLOOR 2
MATERIALS
CONCRETE = 1.4 w/m℃
GYPSUM PLASTER BOARD = 0.16w/m℃
METAL STUD FRAMING WITH MINERAL = 31.2504w/m℃
(R-11.2x4:16”x 0.50 CF)
• WALL
FACE LXW A K X
SIDE A 68.5 X 112.15m 7706.25m 1.4 0.20
SIDE B 68.5 X 112.15m 7706.25m 1.4 0.20
SIDE C 68.5 X 112.15m 7706.25m 1.4 0.20
SIDE D 68.5 X 112.15m 7706.25m 1.4 0.20
t h= 35℃ ∆t = t h − t L
t L = 21℃ ∆t = 14℃
∆k∆t
Qw =n ( )
x
7706.25m(1.4)(1.4)
Qw = 4( )
0.20
• ROOF/CEILING
W = 2.5m ∆ = 7706.25 k2 = 31.2304 x2 = 0.0889m
L = 68.5m k1 = 0.16 x1 = 0.191m
A∆t
QR = x1+x2
k1 k2
7706.25(14)
QR = 0.191 0.0889
0.16 + 31.2304
• FLOOR
A = 7706.25m2 ∆t= 10℃
k = 1.4w/m℃ x = 0.80m
∆k∆t
QF =
x
7706.25(1.4)(10)
QF =
0.80
• LIGHTING AND PEOPLE
Q 𝑳 = Nw
= 189 (36)
nc = 189 , nP = 108
H = 280 W
Qp = 108 (280 W )
Q R = Q w + Q R + Q F + QL + Qp
= 3020.85 + 882.7205 + 134.8593 + 6.804 + 30.24
Kj
Cp = 1.0026 ∆t = 14℃
Kg .C
m1 = Q 4100 kW kg⁄
= = 292.0977 s
Cp∆t 1.0026 (14)
kg
@ 21℃ P= 1.19 v1 = 0.354m3/kg
m2
V 1 = m1 v
kg⁄ 3
V1= 292.0977 s x 0.854m /kg
V1 = 249.4514 m3/s
TONS OF REFRIGERATION
FLOOR 2
1
Q = 4100 x
3.5169 TR
Q = 1165.799
FLOOR 3
MATERIALS
CONCRETE = 1.4 w/m℃
GYPSUM PLASTER BOARD = 0.16 w/m℃
METAL STUD FRAMMING WITH MINERAL = 31.2504 w/m℃
(R-11.2x4:16”x 0.50 CF)

• WALL
FACE LXW A K X
SIDE A 68.5 X 112.15m 7706.25m 1.4 0.20
SIDE B 68.5 X 112.15m 7706.25m 1.4 0.20
SIDE C 68.5 X 112.15m 7706.25m 1.4 0.20
SIDE D 68.5 X 112.15m 7706.25m 1.4 0.20
t h= 32℃ ∆t = t h − t L
t L = 21℃ ∆t = 11℃
∆k∆t
Qw = n
x
(7706.25)(1.4)(11)
Qw = 4
0.20
• ROOF/CEILING
W = 112.5 m x1 = 0.191
L = 68.5 m x2 = 0.0889 m
A = 7706.26 m
K1 = 0.16
K2 = 31.2304
A∆T
QR = x1+x2
k1 k2
7706.25(11)
QR = 0.191 0.0889
0.16 + 31.2304
• FLOOR
A = 7706.25 m2 ∆t = 12℃ th = 16℃
K = 1.4 w/m℃ x = 0.80 tL = 8℃
∆k∆t 7706.25(1.4)(8)
QF = =
x 0.80
• LIGHTING AND PEOPLE

QL = N w
= 189 (36)
nc = 189 , nP = 108
H = 280 kW
Qp = 108 (280 W )
𝑄𝑅 = 𝑄𝑤 + 𝑄𝑅 + 𝑄𝐹 + 𝑄𝐿 + 𝑄𝑃
𝑄𝑅 = 2373.525 + 693.5661 + 107.8875 + 6.804 + 30.24
𝐾𝐽
𝐶𝑝 = 1.0026 𝐾⁄𝑔 .C ∆𝑡 = 11℃
m= 𝑄 3300𝑘𝑊 𝑘𝑔⁄
= = 299.2220 𝑠
𝐶𝑝∆𝑡 1.0026 (11)
kg
@ 21℃ P= 1.19 v1 = 0.854m3/kg
m2
V1= mv1
= 299.2220 x 0.854
V1 = 255.5356 m3/s
TONS OF REFRIGERATION
= 4127.28𝑘𝑊 + 4075.4738𝑘𝑊 + 3300𝑘𝑊
=11502.7538kW or 3270.7521 Tons of refrigeration
CHAPTER 3: Internal Load:

Internal loads come from heat generated by people, lighting, and equipment.
These are also sometimes called core loads or internal gains. Lighting and most
equipment loads are sensible heat, while the metabolic heat generated by people
bodies is a combination of sensible and latent loads. Some buildings or spaces are
dominated by less common internal sources of sensible and latent internal loads such
as large kitchens, swimming pools and locker rooms and health clubs or industrial
processes also lighting, food, occupancy equipment or appliances.
The load calculations on the internal source are the following:

Heat Load Due to Lighting
Heat Load Due to Number of Occupancy

Table 19.1 HEAT LIBERATED DUE TO OCCUPANCY
Heat Liberated (W)
Metabol Room Dry Bulb

ic Temperature (
Rate
ACTIVIT W 26
Y
S L S L S L S L
Seated at 11 90 25 80 35 75 40 65 5
Rest 5 0
Office at 14 100 40 90 50 80 60 70 70
Work 0
Standing 15 105 45 95 55 82 68 72 78
0
Eating in 16 110 50 100 60 85 75 75 85
0
Restaurant
Light Work 23 130 105 115 12 10 35 80 15

in 5 0 0 5
Factory
Dancing 26 140 130 125 14 10 160 90 17
5 0 5 5
*Based on C.P. ARORA
Heat Load Due to Equipment / Appliances
Table 19.2 Appliance Load (W)
Appliance Sensib Late Total

le nt
Coffee Brewer gallon 265 65 329
Coffee Warmer gallon 71 27 9

8
Egg Boiler 353 235 590
Food Warmer per square meter of plate 1150 1150 2300
Griddle Frying 912 500 1412
with Frying Top of 46cm x 36 cm
Toaster 360 slices / h 1500 382 1882
*Based on C.P. Arora Book

*Different Heat Loads of Appliances can be found in any Air-Conditioning Manuals
CALCULATIONS:
E-K BAL 2 (ROOM 322) – HOTEL ROOM
• AREA
Calculate the area in square feet of the space to be cooled, and multiply by 31.25
Area = length (ft.) x width (ft.) x 31.25
Area= (3.3m) x (9.6m) - (2.1x3.6)m x 10.764ft2/1m2 x (31.25)

Area= 8113.365 Btu
• WINDOWS
North window = Area of North facing windows (m. sq.) x 164
North window = (10ft)x(8ft)x(1m2/10.764ft2) x
164 North window = 1218.8777
North window has no shading (Multiply by 1.4)
North window = 1218.8777 x
1.4 North window =
1706.4288 Btu
Total window = North window + South
window Total window = 1706.4288 Btu
• OCCUPANTS
Calculate the heat generated by occupants, allow 600 BTU per person.
Occupant = number of people x 600
Occupant = 4 x 600
Occupant = 2,400 Btu
• EQUIPMENTS
Mini Refrigerator- 100

watts Television- 200
watts
Equipment = total equipment watts x 3.4
Equipment = 300 x 3.4
Equipment = 1,020 Btu

• LIGHTING
Calculate the heat generated by lighting. Find the total wattage for all lighting and
multiply by 4.25
Lighting = total lighting watts x 4.25
Lighting= 144 x 4.25
Lighting= 612 Btu
• TOTAL HEAT LOAD
Add the above together to find the total heat load.
Total heat load BTU = Area + Total Window + Occupant + Equipment + Lighting
Total heat load BTU = 8,113.368 + 1706.4288 + 2400 + 1020 + 612
Total heat load BTU=
13,851.7938 Btu BAR AND
LOUNGE
• AREA
Area= (6.3m) x (10. 0m) x 10.764ft2/1m2 x (31.25)
Area= 21,191.625 Btu
• WINDOWS
164 North window = 3047.1943

1.4 North window = 4266.0721
Btu
window Total window = 4266.0721 Btu
• OCCUPANTS
Occupant = 20 x 600
• EQUIPMENTS
2 Mini Brewer- 1800 watts
• LIGHTING
multiply by 4.25

Lighting= 2,295 Btu
• TOTAL HEAT LOAD
Total heat load BTU = 21,191.625 + 4,266.0721 + 2,400 + 6,120 + 2,295
36,272.6971 Btu OFFICE
• AREA
Area= (4.6m) x (13.5m) x 10.764ft2/1m2 x (31.25)
Area= 20,888.8875 Btu
• WINDOWS
South window = Area of North facing windows (m. sq.) x 164
South window = (10ft)x(35ft)x(1m2/10.764ft2) x
164 South window = 5,332.5901
window Total window = 5,332.5901 Btu
• OCCUPANTS
Occupant = 20 x 600
• EQUIPMENTS
18 Computer Units= 2790
Equipment = 2,790 x 3.4
• LIGHTING
multiply by 4.25
Lighting= 6120 Btu
• TOTAL HEAT LOAD
Total heat load BTU = 20,888.8875 + 5,332.5901 + 12,000 + 9,486 + 6,120

Total heat load BTU= 53,827.4776 Btu
E-K BAL 1 (ROOM 324)
• AREA
Area= (3.3m) x (9.6m) - (2.1x3.6)m x 10.764ft2/1m2 x (31.25)
Area= 8113.365 Btu
• WINDOWS
164 North window = 1523.5972
1.4 North window =
2133.0306 Btu
164 South window = 1523.5972
window Total window = 2133.0306 +
1523.5972
Total window = 3,656.6278 Btu
• OCCUPANTS
Occupant = 4 x 600
• EQUIPMENTS
Mini Refrigerator- 100

watts Television- 200
watts
• LIGHTING
multiply by 4.25
Lighting= 612 Btu
• TOTAL HEAT LOAD
Total heat load BTU = 8,113.365 + 3,656.6278 + 2400 + 1020 + 612
15,801.9928 Btu
EXECUTIVE LOUNGE
• AREA
Area= (5.4m) x (11.3m)m x 10.764ft2/1m2 x (31.25)
Area= 20,525.6025 Btu
• WINDOWS
164 North window = 1523.5972
1.4 North window =
2133.0306 Btu
164 South window = 1980.6763
window Total window = 2133.0306 +
1980.6763
Total window = 4,113.7069 Btu

• OCCUPANTS
Occupant = 16 x 600
• EQUIPMENTS
8 Computer Units
• LIGHTING
multiply by 4.25
Lighting= 3,442.5 Btu
• TOTAL HEAT LOAD
Total heat load BTU = 20,525.6025 + 4,113.7069 + 9,600 + 4216 + 3,442.5
Total heat load BTU= 41,897.8094 Btu
RESTAURANT
• AREA
Area = length (ft.) x width (ft.) x
31.25 Area= (m) x (m) x
10.764ft2/1m2 x (31.25) Area=
• WINDOWS
164 North window = 1218.8777
1.4 North window =
1706.4288 Btu
window Total window =
• OCCUPANTS
Occupant = 25 x 600
• EQUIPMENTS
Refrigerator- 200 watts
Equipment = 1
• LIGHTING
multiply by 4.25
Lighting= 4,590 Btu
• TOTAL HEAT LOAD

Total heat load BTU = 8,113.368 + 1706.4288 + 15000 + 1020 + 4590
Total heat load BTU= 30429.7968 BTU
SUMMARY OF INTERNAL LOADS
TOTAL INTERNAL HEAT LOAD
Ground Floor
Roo
m HEAT LOAD PER ROOM
Restaurant 1 30429.7968 BTU
Restaurant 2 30429.7968
BTU
Restaurant 3 30429.7968
BTU
36,272.6971 BTU
Bar and Lounge
53,827.4776 BTU
Offic
e
INTERNAL HEAT LOAD 181389.5651

BTU
Second Floor
Room HEAT LOAD PER ROOM

Executive Lounge 2-1 42,815.8094 BTU
Hotel Room 201 13,851.7938 BTU
392,430.56
BTU
TOTAL HEAT LOAD
Third Floor
Room HEAT LOAD PER

ROOM
E-K BAL 1 (Room 15,801.9928 BTU

324)
E-K BAL 2 (Room 13,851.7938 BTU
322)
E-K BAL 3 (Room 13,851.7938 BTU
321)
E-K BAL 4 (Room 13,851.7938 BTU
320)
E-K BAL 5 (Room 13,851.7938 BTU
318)
E-K BAL 6 (Room 13,851.7938 BTU
316)
E-K BAL 7 (Room 13,851.7938 BTU
314)
E-K BAL 8 (Room 13,851.7938 BTU
312)
E-K BAL 9 (Room 13,851.7938 BTU
310)
E-K BAL 10 (Room 13,851.7938 BTU
308)
E-K BAL 11 (Room 13,851.7938 BTU
306)
E-K BAL 12 (Room 13,851.7938 BTU
305)
E-K BAL 13 (Room 13,851.7938 BTU
304)
E-K BAL 14 (Room 13,851.7938 BTU
303)
E-D/D 15 (Room 301) 13,851.7938 BTU
E-K 16 (Room 302) 15,801.9928 BTU
HCK 17 (Room 307) 13,364.2427 BTU
E-D/D 18 (Room 309) 15,029.2990 BTU
E-K 19 (Room 311) 15,029.2990 BTU

E-K 20 (Room 313) 15,029.2990 BTU
E-K 21 (Room 315) 15,029.2990 BTU
E-D/D 22 (Room 317) 13,364.2427 BTU
E-K 23 (Room 319) 14,613.3895 BTU
E-K 24 (Room 323) 13,364.2427 BTU
E-K 25 (Room 325) 15,801.9928 BTU
INTERNAL HEAT 356,154.4052 BTU

LOAD
TOTAL INTERNAL HEAT LOAD = GROUND FLOOR + SECOND FLOOR + THIRD FLOOR
= 181389.5651BTU + 392,430.56 BTU +

356,154.4052 BTU
= 929974.5303 BTU
CHAPTER 4: VENTILATION AND INFILTRATION
Introduction
Air infiltration is the movement of the air into building whereas exfiltration is the movement if air
out of the building. Air leakage into building interiors has a considerable impact on the energy
demand of the building. This means that controlling how air moves into and out of the buildings
is a big part of hose energy efficiency can be improved for buildings.
Air flows into or out of the building because of pressure differences between the internal and
external environments of the building. These pressure differences can be caused by gusting
winds or differences in internal and external temperatures. The air flow through various
openings in the building envelope. These vary from large openings such as doors and windows
to small cracks and crevices caused by improper installations of envelope components.
Since this is a hotel and for some time later when the door is opened, the air inside will
infiltrate/exfiltrate then there will be a change of air inside for the occupants.
Ventilation
Ventilating or ventilation (the "V" in HVAC) is the process of exchanging or replacing air in any
space to provide high indoor air quality which involves temperature control, oxygen
replenishment, and removal of moisture, odors, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, carbon
dioxide, and other gases. Ventilation removes unpleasant smells and excessive moisture,
introduces outside air, keeps interior building air circulating, and prevents stagnation of the
interior air.
• What are the ventilation loads you anticipate in your report?

The design is about a hotel having rooms, restaurant and lounge we anticipate 10 L/s as per
Ventilation rates for resident’s hotel bedrooms and restaurants.
Infiltration
Infiltration is the unintentional or accidental introduction of outside air into a building, typically
through cracks in the building envelope and through use of doors for passage. Infiltration is
sometimes called air leakage. The leakage of room air out of a building, intentionally or not, is
called exfiltration. Infiltration is caused by wind, negative pressurization of the building, and by
air buoyancy forces known commonly as the stack effect.
• How infiltration affects air conditioning design

Infiltration of air into a building with a high latent load (high moisture load) will cause
moisture to accumulate in building materials such as gypsum wallboard, with
subsequent material degradation and mold growth. This infiltration may also exceed the
ability of the HVAC system to remove moisture from the supply air.
Formulas:
Number of air change per hour
Exfiltration/Infiltration Air Flow
Sensible Heat Due to Infiltration/Exfiltration
Latent Heat due to Infiltration/ Exfiltration

Infiltration due to opening of doors
CALCULATIONS
Calculating Number of Air Change per Hour

For 1st Floor
𝑛
(6𝑚3 )(60 )
= ℎ𝑟
255.5356 𝑚3
= 1.4088 𝑜𝑟 2 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟
For 2nd Floor and 3rd Floor
𝑖𝑛
(3.96 𝑚3)(60 )
= ℎ𝑟
249.4514 𝑚3
= 0.9525 𝑜𝑟 1 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟
CALCULATING FOR INFILTRATION
AIR FLOW FOR 1ST FLOOR
(255.5356 𝑚3)(2)
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐
3600
ℎ𝑟
=
FOR 2nd FLOOR AND 3rd
FLOOR
(249.4514 𝑚3)(1)
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐
3600 ℎ𝑟
THE INSIDE AND OUTSIDE CONDITION OF THE ROOM

Dry Bulb Relativ Humidity Ratio,
Temperat e
ure Humidi
ty
Outside 35 50
0.0178
Condition
Inside 21
0.0157
Condition
NOTE: THE OUTSIDE CONDITION IS BASED ON THE OTHER SIDE
OF THE DOOR CALCULATING SENSIBLE HEAT DUE TO
INFILTRATION
FOR 1st
FLOOR 𝑄𝑠 = (1210)(𝐴𝐼𝑅 𝐹𝐿𝑂𝑊)(𝛥𝑇)
𝑚3) (35 − 21)

𝑄𝑠 = (1210) (0.14
𝑠
𝑄𝑠 = 2371.6 𝑊 𝑜𝑟 2.3716 𝑘𝑊
FOR 2nd FLOOR AND 3RD FLOOR

𝑄𝑠 = (1210)(𝐴𝐼𝑅 𝐹𝐿𝑂𝑊)(𝛥𝑇)
𝑚3) (35 − 21)

𝑄𝑠 = (1210) (0.07
𝑠
𝑄𝑠 = 1185.8 𝑊 𝑜𝑟 1.1858 𝑘𝑊
CALCULATING LATENT HEAT DUE TO INFILTRATION
FOR 1ST
FLOOR 𝑄𝐿 = (3010)(𝐴𝐼𝑅 𝐹𝐿𝑂𝑊)(𝛥𝑊)
𝑚3) (1.78 − 1.58)
𝑄𝐿 = (3010) (0.14
𝑠
𝑄𝐿 = 88.494 𝑊 𝑜𝑟 0.088 𝑘𝑊
FOR 2ND FLOOR AND 3RD FLOOR
𝑄𝐿 = (3010)(𝐴𝐼𝑅 𝐹𝐿𝑂𝑊)(𝛥𝑊)
𝑚3
𝑄𝐿 = (3010) (0.07 ) (1.78 − 1.58)
𝑠
𝑄𝐿 = 44.247 𝑊 𝑜𝑟 0.44 𝑘𝑊
CHAPTER 5: SYSTEM
HEAT GAIN
INTRODUCTION
Heat gain and loss can be predicted using generally accepted engineering principles. Heat
gain and loss is generally measured in BTU’ or British Thermal Units per hour.
It is the function of a cooling system to remove unwanted heat from a structure and relocate it
to the outside. This heat exchange is accomplished by the use of the refrigeration cycle as
performed by your air-conditioning system. Since it is the job of the cooling system to remove
heat, a cooling system’
capacity can be measured in BTU’ per hour. In other words, how many British Thermal Units of heat can
be moved from one place to another in one hour.
The function of the heating system is to replace heat lost through the heat transfer process.
Since it is
the job of the heating system to add heat, a heating system’ capacity can be measured in BTU’ per hour.
In other words, how many British Thermal Units of heat can be added to a structure in one hour.
Both systems combined should be referred to as a comfort system. However, a comfort system
is made up of more than just properly sized equipment. It includes proper supply air ducting to
deliver the proper amount of warm or cool air. It also includes a return air system that helps
produce adequate circulation. There are other functions that this comfort system should serve.
They include air circulation, air filtration, and humidity control.
CHAPTER 6:
PSYCHOMETRICS
INTRODUCTION:
Psychrometric chart is one of the chart that is commonly used in solving HVAC problems. The
properties of air such as wet bulb temperature, dry bulb temperature, dew point
temperature, relative humidity, humidity ratio, specific enthalphy and specific volume
are shown on this chart.
It is used to determine how these properties vary as the amount of moisture in the air
changes. The chart is based on the standard atmospheric pressure of 76mm Hg or
1.01325 bar.
Basic Properties of Air
Dry Bulb Temperature is the actual temperature of air measured by an ordinary

thermometer. SI unit is °Celcius. Other unit used is °Fahrenheit. This temperature is
located at the horizontal scale of the chart or abscissa.
Wet Bulb Temperature is the temperature of evaporation of which the air would
become saturated if moisture were added to it without the addition or substraction of
heat. These lines are oblique lines on the chart. SI unit is °Celcius. Other unit used is
°Fahrenheit.
Dew Point Temperature is the temperature of saturation of a given atmospheric
pressure. Here, the moisture began to condense in the form of dew. SI unit is °Celcius.
Other unit used is
°Fahrenheit.
Relative Humidity is the ratio of the absolute humidity to the maximum possible
density of water vapor in the air at the same pressure and temperature. It has no unit
and is the hyperbolic lines that are shown in intervals of 10%. The saturation curve is
at 100% RH, while dry air is at 0% RH.
Humidity Ratio is the weight of water in a sample of air compared to the weight of the
same sample of air without any moisture in it. It is measured in grams of water/kg of dry
air, or grains of water/pound of air. 1 pound is equal to 7,000 grains.
Specific Enthalphy is the total energy of the sample of dry air and water vapor. These
are oblique diagonal lines that are drawn from left to right and are parallel to one other.
Take note that these lines are not parallel to the wet bulb temperature lines though they
may look so. The SI unit is joules/kg of air or BTU/pound of dry air.
Specific Volume is the volume of dry air and water vapor occupied by one unit of mass
of dry air. The SI units are cubic meters per kilogram of dry air; other units are cubic feet
per pound of dry air.
CALCULATIONS:
USING PSYCHOMETRIC CHART THIS IS THE TYPICAL DIAGRAM AND
PLOTTING OF PROPERTIES OF OUR HVAC SYSTEM DESIGN
Load Calculation Sensible Heat (kW) Latent Heat (kW)
Total Solar Radiation
Total Occupancy 286 n/a
Total Lighting 14.7 n/a
Total Appliance 4.32 n/a
Total Heat Gain Envelope
Infiltration 876.5634 3623.4526
1181.4834 (RSH) 3623.4526 (RLH)
TOTAL
Supply Air Duct Heat Gain 8.48912099 0
Factor of Safety
8.48912099 (TSH) 0 (TLH)
TOTAL
Ventilation 3690.141 (OASH) 4267.8538 (OALH)
Effective Room Sensible Heat
𝐸𝑅𝑆𝐻 = 𝑅𝑆𝐻 + 𝐵𝑃𝐹 (𝑂𝐴𝑆𝐻) = 1181.4834 + (0.10) (3690.141)

𝐸𝑅𝑆𝐻 = 1550.4975 𝑘𝑊
Effective Room Latent Heat
𝐸𝑅𝐿𝐻 = 𝑅𝐿𝐻 + 𝐵𝑃𝐹 (𝑂𝐴𝐿𝐻) = 3623.4526 𝑘𝑊 + (0.10) (4267.8538 𝑘𝑊)

𝐸𝑅𝐿𝐻 = 4050.23798 𝑘𝑊
Effective Room Heat Factor

𝐸𝑅𝑆𝐻 1550.4975 𝑘𝑊
𝐸𝑅𝐻𝐹 = =
𝐸𝑅𝑆𝐻 + 𝐸𝑅𝐿𝐻 1550.4975 𝑘𝑊 + 4050.23798 𝑘𝑊
𝐸𝑅𝐻= 0.2768381948
Grand Total Heat

𝐺𝑇𝐻 = 𝑇𝑆𝐻 + 𝑇𝐿𝐻 = 8.48912099 𝑘𝑊 + 0
𝐺𝑇𝐻 = 8.48912099 𝑘𝑊
Grand Sensible Heat Factor
𝑇𝑆𝐻 8.48912099 𝑘𝑊
𝐺𝑆𝐻𝐹 = =
𝑇𝑆𝐻 + 𝑇𝐿𝐻 8.48912099 𝑘𝑊 + 0
𝐺𝑆𝐻𝐹 = 1
Chapter 7: AIR DISTRIBUTION

7.1 Introduction
We design an air-cooled HVAC system for Manila Marriott Hotel and we used ducted
airways in order to offset heating loads and distribute the supply of cooled air efficiently
to each room. It would be much efficient for the air conditioning system (AC). We
specifically used a Variable- volume system (VAV) which falls under the categories of
Air-distribution systems. On variable- volume system, it provides ventilation and cooling,
usually through a single-duct system. The
variation we used on VAV designing is the underfloor air-distribution system. Under the
design of Duct, we specifically used galvanized metal because, it's the most common
material used in fabricating ductwork that prevent rusting and avoid cost of painting. They are
also facilitated with sound proofing and high degree insulation.
DUCTING TABLE: (Ground Floor)
SECTION VELOCITY DISCHARGE FRICTION LENGTH CIRCULAR

LOSS DUCT SIZE
(Fpm) (CFM) (FT)
(H2O / 100 (INCHES)
FT)
AB 1250 120,000 0.02 14 115
BC 1250 118,000 0.02 14 115
CD 1250 116,000 0.02 14 115
DE 1250 114,000 0.02 14 115
EF 1250 112,000 0.03 7 108
FG 1250 111,000 0.02 14 115
GH 1250 109,000 0.02 14 115
FI 1250 107,000 0.02 7 108
IJ 1250 105,000 0.02 7 108
JK 1250 103,000 0.02 12 111
DUCTING TABLE: (2nd Floor)

LOSS DUCT SIZE
(Fpm) (CFM) (FT)
(H2O / 100 (INCHES)
FT)
AB 750 2100 0.02 24 25
BC 750 2100 0.02 14 25

CD 750 2100 0.02 14 25
DE 750 2100 0.02 14 25
EF 750 2100 0.02 14 25
FG 750 2100 0.02 14 25
GH 750 2100 0.02 14 25
FI 750 2100 0.02 14 25
IJ 750 2100 0.02 14 25
JK 750 2100 0.02 14 25
KL 750 2100 0.02 14 25
LM 750 2100 0.02 14 25
MN 750 2100 0.02 14 25
NO 750 2100 0.02 14 25
OP 750 2100 0.02 14 25
PQ 750 2100 0.02 14 25
QR 750 2100 0.02 14 25
RS 750 2100 0.02 14 25
ST 750 2100 0.02 14 25
TU 750 2100 0.02 14 25
UV 750 2100 0.02 14 25
VW 750 2100 0.02 14 25
WX 750 2100 0.02 14 25
XY 750 2100 0.02 14 25
YZ 750 2100 0.02 14 25
DUCTING TABLE: (3rd Floor)

LOSS DUCT SIZE
(Fpm) (CFM) (FT)
(H2O / 100 (INCHES)
FT)
AB 750 2100 0.02 24 25
BC 750 2100 0.02 14 25
CD 750 2100 0.02 14 25
DE 750 2100 0.02 14 25
EF 750 2100 0.02 14 25
FG 750 2100 0.02 14 25
GH 750 2100 0.02 14 25
FI 750 2100 0.02 14 25
IJ 750 2100 0.02 14 25
JK 750 2100 0.02 14 25
KL 750 2100 0.02 14 25
LM 750 2100 0.02 14 25
MN 750 2100 0.02 14 25
NO 750 2100 0.02 14 25
OP 750 2100 0.02 14 25
PQ 750 2100 0.02 14 25
QR 750 2100 0.02 14 25
RS 750 2100 0.02 14 25
ST 750 2100 0.02 14 25
TU 750 2100 0.02 14 25
UV 750 2100 0.02 14 25
VW 750 2100 0.02 14 25

WX 750 2100 0.02 14 25
XY 750 2100 0.02 14 25
YZ 750 2100 0.02 14 25
CHAPTER 8: EQUIPMENT
SPECIFICATION EQUIPMENT
SCHEDULE AND ATTACHMENT:
FOR AHU UNIT:
AHU SELECTION DATA

AIR HANDLING
ITE UNIT
M AHU 3-1
CAPACITY IN TONS 2.8341
EFFECTIVE ROOM SENSIBLE HEAT IN BTU PER HOUR 31728.86
EFFECTIVE ROOM LATENT HEAT IN BTU PER HOUR 1750.86
EFFECTIVE ROOM TOTAL HEAT IN BTU PER HOUR 33479.39
TOTAL SENSIBLE HEAT (SC) 31728.53
GRAND TOTAL HEAT (TC) 34009.31
DEHUMIDIFIED CFM 1795.43
EXTERNAL STATIC PRESSURE IN INCH WATER GAGE 1.099
ENTERING DRY BULB / ENTERING WET BULB 79.05 / 67.53
LEAVING DRY BULB / LEAVING WET BULB 61.62 / 60.7
CHILLED WATER FLOW IN GALLONS PER MINUTE 6.80184
ENTERING / LEAVING CHILLED WATER TEMP, °F 44 / 54
Estimate Flow for Chilled Water in Gallons per minute for

AHU
Given:
Capacity (for AHU 3 − 1) = 21.8069 Tons
Terminal Difference (TD) = 10℉
12 000 × TR
Chilled Water Flower =
500 × TD
12 000 × 2.8341
Chilled Water Flow =
500 × 10
𝐂𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐝 𝐖𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐅𝐥𝐨𝐰 = 𝟔. 𝟖𝟎𝟏𝟖𝟒 𝐆𝐏𝐌
AIR HANDLING UNIT SELECTED DATA

ITE AHU 3-1 (13.5 Hours)
M
UNIT MODEL / SIZE LPC AD03 EN / Size 3
FAN CFM, CFM 1795.43
TYPE OF FAN Vertical Unit Fans, Top Front

Discharge
SELECTED MOTOR BRAKE HORSEPOWER, 1.6817
BHP
MOTOR REVOLUTION PER MINUTE, RPM 1859.6698
TOTAL STATIC PRESSURE, IN. WG 2.4757
EXTERNAL STATIC PRESSURE (AIR

1.099
DISTRIBUTION LOSSES IN INCH WATER
GAGE)
INTERNAL STATIC PRESSURE (LOSSES IN
1.3767
THE AHU IN INCH WATER GAGE)
A. DAMPERS (FACE / BYPASS DAMPER / ΔP (2ND)) 0.2585
B. MIXING BOX / SECTION (ΔP) 0.1791

C. FLAT FILTER (ΔP MERV 7) 0.3285
D. COOLING COIL (AIR SIDE) 0.6106
COOLING CAPACITY IN BTU PER HOUR, 42129.927

BTU/HR
COOLING COIL MODEL Size 3
A. FACE AREA IN SQUARE FEET, FT2 3.3515
B. FACE VELOCITY IN FEET PER MINUTE, 642.3548

FT/MIN
C. NUMBER OF ROWS PER COIL 4
D. COOLING COIL ENTERING DRY AND

80/67
WET BULB AIR TEMPERATURE IN °F
E. COOLING COIL LEAVING DRY AND WET

61.488/59.791
BULB AIR TEMPERATURE IN °F
COOLING COIL CHILLED WATER FLOW IN

6.80184
GALLONS PER MINUTE
COOLING COIL ENTERING AND LEAVING

44 / 54
CHILLED WATER TEMPERATURE IN °F
COOLING COIL CHILLED WATER

1.6954
PRESSURE DROP IN FEET, FT WG
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF AHU SHOWING THE DIFFERENT

PARAMETERS
TRANE COOLING COIL
AIR SIDE AHU 3-1
(13.5 Hours)
Dcfm =5684 cfm

Motor BHP = 1.6817
HP Motor RPM =
1860 RPM ESP =
1.099 in WG
ISP = 1.3767
Dampers = 0.2585
Mixing Box =
FILTE 0.1791 Flat Filter =
R 0.3285 Cooling
Coil = 0.6106
LDB = 61.488
°F LWB =
59.791 °F
Pressure Drop = 1.6954 ft.

WG
Hydronic Size 3
4 Rows of Cooling Coil
44°F 54°
F GPM = 6.80 GPM
EDB =
80°F EWB
= 67°F
HIGHLIGHTED SELECTED DATA ON THE
BROCHURE
Interpolation of Pressure in Cooling Coil:

1795.43 − 1650 x − 0.63
=
5400 − 6000 0.71 − 0.63
𝐱 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝐢𝐧𝐖𝐆
Performance data
Interpolation of Pressure in Flat Filters:
1795.43 − 1650 𝑥 − 0.28

=
1800 − 1650 0.33 − 0.28
𝐱 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟐𝟖𝟓 𝐢𝐧𝐖𝐆
Interpolation of Pressure in Mixing Section:
1795.43 − 1650 x − 0.15
=
1800 − 1650 0.18 − 0.15
𝐱 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟕𝟗𝟏 𝐢𝐧𝐖𝐆
Interpolation of Pressure in Bypass Damper:

1795.43 − 1650 x − 0.21
=
1800 − 1650 0.26 − 0.21
𝐱 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓𝟖𝟓 𝐢𝐧𝐖𝐆
2.4757
in W.G
1795.43 cfm
Interpolation of Fan’s RPM:
1795.43 − 1650 x − 1679

=
1800 − 1650 1721 − 1679
𝐱 = 𝟏𝟕𝟏𝟗. 𝟕𝟐𝟎𝟒 𝐫𝐩𝐦 @ 𝐓𝐒𝐏 𝟐. 𝟎 𝐢𝐧 𝐖𝐆 & 𝟏𝟕𝟗𝟓. 𝟒𝟑 𝐜𝐟𝐦
1795.43 − 1650 x − 1829

=
1800 − 1650 1868 − 1829
𝐱 = 𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟔. 𝟖𝟏𝟏𝟖 𝐫𝐩𝐦 @ 𝐓𝐒𝐏 𝟐. 𝟓 𝐢𝐧 𝐖𝐆 & 𝟏𝟕𝟗𝟓. 𝟒𝟑 𝐜𝐟𝐦
2.4757 − 2.0 x − 1719.7204

=
2.5 − 2.0 1866.8188 − 1719.7204
𝐱 = 𝟏𝟖𝟓𝟗. 𝟔𝟔𝟗𝟖 𝐑𝐏𝐌 @ 𝐓𝐒𝐏 𝟐. 𝟒𝟕𝟓𝟕 𝐢𝐧 𝐖𝐆 & 𝟏𝟕𝟗𝟓. 𝟒𝟑 𝐂𝐅𝐌
Interpolation of Fan’s BHP:
1795.43 − 1650 x − 1.26

=
1800 − 1650 1.46 − 1.26
𝐱 = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟓𝟑𝟗 𝐇𝐏 @ 𝐓𝐒𝐏 𝟐. 𝟎 𝐢𝐧 𝐖𝐆 & 𝟏𝟕𝟗𝟓. 𝟒𝟑 𝐜𝐟𝐦
1795.43 − 1650 x − 1.48

=
1800 − 1650 1.70 − 1.48
𝐱 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟗𝟑𝟑 𝐇𝐏 @ 𝐓𝐒𝐏 𝟐. 𝟓 𝐢𝐧 𝐖𝐆 & 𝟏𝟕𝟗𝟓. 𝟒𝟑 𝐜𝐟𝐦

2.4757 − 2.0 x − 1.4539
=
2.5 − 2.0 1.6933 − 1.4539
𝐱 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟖𝟏𝟕 𝐇𝐏 @ 𝐓𝐒𝐏 𝟐. 𝟒𝟕𝟓𝟕 𝐢𝐧 𝐖𝐆 & 𝟏𝟕𝟗𝟓. 𝟒𝟑 𝐂𝐅𝐌
Interpolation of Cooling Capacity (TC):
1795.43 − 1500 x − 37.6

=
1800 − 1500 42.2 − 37.6
𝐱 = 𝟒𝟐𝟏𝟐𝟗. 𝟗𝟐𝟕 𝐁𝐭𝐮/𝐇𝐫 @ 𝚫𝐓 = 𝟏𝟎°𝐅
Interpolation of Leaving Dry Bulb (LDB):
1795.43 − 1500 x − 60.7

=
1800 − 1500 61.5 − 60.7
𝐱 = 𝟔𝟏. 𝟒𝟖𝟖°𝐅 @ 𝚫𝐓 = 𝟏𝟎°𝐅

Interpolation of Leaving Wet Bulb (LWB):
1795.43 − 1500 x − 59.2

=
1800 − 1500 59.8 − 59.2
𝐱 = 𝟓𝟗. 𝟕𝟗𝟏°𝐅 @ 𝚫𝐓 = 𝟏𝟎°𝐅
Interpolation of Water Pressure Drop (WPD):
1795.43 − 1500 x − 1.4

=
1800 − 1500 1.7 − 1.4
𝐱 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟗𝟓𝟒 𝐟𝐭 𝐖𝐆 @ 𝚫𝐓 = 𝟏𝟎°𝐅
FOR CHILLER SELECTION:
ESTIMATED FLOW FOR CHILLED AND COOLING WATER IN GALLONS

PER MINUTE
CHILLED WATER FLOW = (12000 X 211.6) / (500 X (54-44)) = 272.64 GPM
CONDENSER WATER FLOW = (15000 X 211.6) / (500 X (98-88)) = 340.8

GPM
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF PACKAGED CHILLER
∆P (CONDENSER) = 15 FT. WG
HIGHLIGHTED SELECTED DATA ON THE
BROCHURE
OOCOOLER PRESSURE DROP
∆P (CHILER) = 11 FT. WG
GPM (CHILLER) = 272.64 GPM

∆P (CONDENSER) = 15 FT. WG
30HXC WATER-COOLED CHILLER ARI RATINGS (60 Hz ONLY)
oc co co co cc cc
Interpolate between 85 F and Computing
90 F: for
Efficienc
85−88 156.3−𝑋 y:
=
85−90 156.3−153.4
Efficiency =
Capacity, x =154.56 Tons 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
85−88 113−𝑋
Efficiency =
= 119 𝑘𝑊
85−90 113−123 154.56 𝑇𝑜𝑛𝑠
=
Input kW, x = 119 kW 0.7699 𝑘𝑊/
𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠
CHAPTER 9:
RECOMMENDATIONS
ECONOMICAL ANALYSIS:
COMPARISON OF USING AIR-COOLED TO
WATER-COOLED
CONDENSERS
Water-cooled Condenser
Air-cooled Condenser
Equipment First Cost at 120 Ton Capacity (Based on Actual
Equipment)
FIRST COST
EQUIPMENT
AIR-COOLED WATER-
COOLED
CHILLER Php 658,580 Php 633,250
COOLING N/A Php 126,650

TOWER
COOLING
N/A Php 55,726
WATER
PUMP
TOTAL COST Php 658,580 Php 815,626
DIFFERENCE FOR
AIR-
Php
COOLED 157,046
1 USD = 50.66 Php

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Equipment Electricity Demand at 120 Ton Capacity
kW
EQUIPMENT
AIR- WATER-
COOLED COOLED
AIR-
257.54 kW 182.94 kW
CONDITION
ING
CHILLER
COOLING TOWER N/A 23.5 kW
COOLING WATER N/A 23.5 kW

PUMP
CONDENSER FAN 35.63 kW N/A
TOTAL
293.17 kW 229.94 kW
ENERGY
CONSUMPTI
ON
DIFFERENCE
FOR WATER-
63.23 kW
COOLED
Equipment Energy Consumption at 120 Ton Capacity
DAILY kWh (10 hrs)

EQUIPMENT
AIR-COOLED WATER-COOLED
AIR-
2575.4 kW 1829.4 kW
CONDITION
ING
CHILLER
COOLING TOWER N/A 235 kWh
COOLING WATER N/A 235 kWh

PUMP
CONDENSER FAN 356.3 kWh N/A
TOTAL
2,931.7 2,299.4 kWh
ENERGY
CONSUMPTI kWh
ON
DIFFERENCE
FOR WATER-
632.3 kWh
COOLED
Demand Charge
Php 400.00 per kW per Month
COS
EQUIPMENT T
AIR- WATER-
COOLED COOLED
TOTAL DEMAND IN Php 293.17 Php 229.94
KW
MONTHLY
DEMAND COST Php 117,268 Php 91,976
(P400.00 PER KW
PER MONTH)
ANNUAL DEMAND Php 1,103,712
Php
COST 1,407,216
DEMAND COST Php 303,504.00
DIFFERENCE
Cost of
Energy Php
10.00 per kWh
COS
EQUIPMENT T
AIR-COOLED WATER-
COOLED
TOTAL ENERGY
CONSUMPTION IN 2,931.7 kWh 2,299.4 kWh
kWh
(10 / hour)
MONTHLY
CONSUMPTION IN 70,360.8 kWh 55,185.6 kWh
kWh
(24 days)
MONTHLY ENERGY Php 703,608 Php 551,856
COST
ANNUAL ENERGY Php 8,443,296 Php 6,622,272
COST
ENERGY COST Php 1,821,024.00
DIFFERENCE
Annual Operating Cost at 120 Ton

Capacity
COS
EQUIPMENT T
AIR-COOLED WATER-
COOLED
ANNUAL Php 1,103,712
DEMAND Php 1,407,216
COST
ANNUAL ENERGY Php 8,443,296 Php 6,622,272
COST
ANNUAL TOTAL Php 9,850,512 Php 7,725,984
COST
COST Php 2,124,528
DIFFERENCE
Environmental Considerations at 120 Ton Capacity

EQUIPMENT AIR-COOLED WATER-COOLED
TOTAL MONTHLY 55,185.6 kWh
70,360.8 kWh
CONSUMPTION IN
kWh
ANNUAL ENERGY 662,227.2 kWh
844,329.6 kWh
IN
kWh
ANNUAL
GREENHOUSE 7,151,471.71 Ton 5,609,064.38 Ton
CO2 CO2
EFFECT AT 8.47
TON
CO2/1000 kWh
GREENHOUSE 1,542,407.332 Ton CO2
DIFFEENCE IN TON
CO2
ANALYSIS IN USING SCREW AND SCROLL

COMPRESSORS FOR 120 TON
CAPACITY
COMPRESSOR SCROLL SCREW
TYPE
DEMAND IN kW 304 kW 230.94 kW
DAILY ENERGY IN 2,309.4 kWh

kWh 3,040 kWh
(10 hrs)
MONTHLY
CONSUMPTION 55,185.6 kWh
72,720 kWh
IN
kWh
(24 days)
ANNUAL DEMAND
COST Php Php 1,103,712
(Php 400/kW) 1,454,400
ANNUAL
ENERGY Php Php 6,622,272
COST 8,726,400
(Php 10/kWh)
ANNUAL
GREENHOUSE 5,609,064.38
7,391,260.8
EFFECT AT 8.47
TON CO2/1000
kWh
CAPACITY IN TON 86.437 65.664

Tips on Minimization of Heat Gains:
1. Provide adequate insulation levels. In most of North America, wall and
ceiling insulation levels optimized to reduce winter heat loss will be
adequate for reducing summertime heat gain. In some southern areas, more
insulation is justified for cooling load avoidance than for winter heat loss. To
reduce conductive heat gain, insulation in the roof or ceiling is most
important.
2. Install radiant barrier in attics. Radiant barriers reflect heat radiation
and can reduce cooling loads. A radiant barrier should be installed so as to
provide an air space between it and the roof sheathing. It can be draped
loosely over the top chord of the trusses or rafters before sheathing is
installed, or it can be stapled to the underside of rafters or top chord of
trusses. Radiant barriers are generally not cost-effective in northern
climates, and even in the south, the costs and benefits should be weighed
against those of additional insulation or a reflective roof surface. Two
inches of insulation is roughly comparable to a radiant barrier in blocking
heat gain. A reflective roof surface will keep out more heat gain than a
radiant barrier.
3. Provide light-colored roof and wall surfaces. Conductive heat gain
through the building envelope can be significantly reduced by making outer
surfaces more reflective. Light-colored wall siding is beneficial, but most
effective is reflective roofing. Choose a roofing material that is reflective
(light-colored asphalt shingles are not—they still absorb nearly all of the
sunlight striking them), or apply special reflective elastomeric coatings to
less-reflective roof surfaces (see EBN Vol. 2, No. 5). Reflective roofing will
provide the greatest savings in houses with air conditioning ducts running
through the attic.
4. Provide attic or roof ventilation. Install continuous soffit and ridge vents
to prevent high temperatures from building up in unheated attics—which will
increase heat flow through the insulation. Operable windows in unheated
attic spaces should also be considered. With cathedral ceilings (insulated
roofs), provide soffit and ridge vents and a continuous air space under the
roof sheathing for ventilation.
5. Site the building carefully. Orient the building so as to minimize heat
gain through east- and west-facing windows and all skylights, yet provide
for passive- solar heating during the winter and year-round daylighting. Try
to take advantage of existing trees on the building site.
6. Use window treatments to reduce solar gain. Exterior shades provide

the most effective shading. Moveable exterior shades are uncommon and
have durability concerns, but sun-blocking screens, such as those
produced by Pfiferwire of Tuscaloosa, Alabama, are very satisfactory.
Interior shades and blinds are less effective but more common. They
should have a light outer surface to reflect light back out through the
window before the sunlight is absorbed and converted into heat.
REFERENCE :
https://www.engr.colostate.edu/~ramirez/ce_old/classes/cive3
22-
Ramirez/CE322_Web/InfiltrationComputationsExample.htm
https://carlonsales.com/techinfo/installationtraining/IT-
Conduit_Load_Calc.pdf https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/inside-
design-conditions-d_1570.html
https://betterbricks.com/resources/air-distribution#:~:text=References-
,Introduction,offset%20heating%20or%20cooling%20loads.
https://www.quora.com/What-is-an-example-of-a-schematic-diagram-and-its-explanation
https://www.google.com/search?q=hvac&oq=hvac&aqs=chrome..69i57j69i59j69i61j69i6
0l4j69i 61.775j0j9&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Air_infiltration_and_exfiltration#:~:text=Air%20i
nfiltr ation%20is%20the%20movement,building%20(see%20figure%201).
https://ph.rs-online.com/web/c/hvac-fans-thermal-management/air-conditioning-
heating- accessories/ducting/
https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Heat_gain
https://www.contractingbusiness.com/archive/article/20865137/practical-standards-to-
measure-hvac-system-
performance#:~:text=Sensible%20heating%20Btu%20is%20measured,the%20formula
%20const ant%20of%201.08.

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HOTEL HVAC SYSTEM DESIGN

IN PARTIAL FULLFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS IN

* To apply the basic knowledge learned in HVAC Systems Design Course.

* Perform cooling load calculations.

* Design air distribution system.

* Choose the right equipment for the project.

II. TITLE PAGE

HOTEL HVAC SYSTEM DESIGN

❖ CHAPTER I : Vicinity, Maps, Layouts, elevation and Drawings

❖ CHAPTER III : INTERNAL LOAD

❖ CHAPTER IV : VENTILATION AND INFILTRATION

❖ CHAPTER V : SYSTEM HEAT GAIN

1.1 Background of the Study

1.2 Statement of the Problem

2. Exposure - 12 Degree North Latitude

3. Sun Time - 1 P.M.

4. Daily Range - 16oF

5. Summer Ambient Temperature - 96oF DB and 81oF WB

6. Inside Room Design

8. Glass Doors (Balcony) - 0.9 m x 2.2 m

13. Floor - Floor tile 8 inches thick

14. Apply the factor with sash and diversity factor

15. Safety Factor - 10%

17. Schedule of Occupancy and Power in Watts:

No. of Power Lights

No. of Power Lights

Service Lift Lobby 2 - 4 × 2 × 36

1 × 100 (LCD TV)

1 × 100 (LCD TV)

1 × 100 (LCD TV)

1 × 100 (LCD TV)

1 × 100 (LCD TV)

1 × 100 (LCD TV)

1 × 100 (LCD TV)

1 × 100 (LCD TV)

1 × 100 (LCD TV)

1 × 100 (LCD TV)

1 × 100 (LCD TV)

1 × 100 (LCD TV)

1 × 100 (LCD TV)

No. of Power Lights

1 × 200 (LCD TV)

Service Lift Lobby 2 - 2 × 36

1.3 Definition of Terms

3. Air-Conditioning is the simultaneous control of temperature, humidity, cleanliness and

motion of air in an enclosed space.

conditions the air through ventilations or ducting system.

artificially induce or influencing pressure.

1.4 Purpose of the HVAC

HVAC or Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning is a technology installed within structures to

1.5 Purpose of Load Calculations

1.6 Principles of Cooling Load

1.7 Indoor Design Conditions

Room Temperature 70℉

Relative Humidity = 50%

The walls of the Marriot Hotel are faced in different directions as we

Highest Temperarure = 95℉

Highest Relative Humidity = 50%

Chapter 1: VICINITY MAP, LAYOUTS, AND ELEVATION DRAWINGS

CHAPTER 2: EXTERNAL LOAD

𝑄𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙 = (𝑈𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙 )(𝐴𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙 )(𝛥𝑡)

𝑄𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙 = Heat gain through wall